Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2015

Shrimp aquaculture has expanded rapidly in many countries and this rapid development resulted diseases outbreaks and further considerable utilization of antibiotics. Use of natural products as antimicrobial has been reported as a resolution problem. The crude extract of a red seaweed (Laurencia snyderiae) collected from the Persian Gulf was evaluated for shrimp growth performance and to determine in vivo efficacy of this seaweed to prevention of shrimp Vibriosis. The ethanol extract of Laurencia snyderiae was not toxic to the Artemia in star- I when it was fed to them for enrichment. The white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Juveniles fed with these enriched Artemia at 0 mg mL-1 (Control group), and three treatments of 200 , 400 and 600 mg mL-1 for a 30 days period. Results showed an increase in survival rate in treatment groups compared with control group but wasn’t significantly (P

Different pollutants have undesirable effects on aquatic ecosystems, detergent powder is one of the elements in the sewages so study on the effects of this factor on aquatic animals is crucial. The aim of the present study was to investigate acute effects of detergents as potentially dangerous additive to assess mortality effects of this product on some cultured fish. Silver Carp (Hypophthalmicthys moitrix), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) ,Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) were exposed to the 0, 2, 10, 20 and 40 mg L-1 of detergent powder. All experiments were done according the standard methods for 96 h exposure. LC50 was determined by probit analysis. The 96h toxicity tests showed 100% mortality at 40 mg L-1, and no mortality was observed in 5 mg L-1 for all species. LC50 of detergent powder in Goldfish (24.6 ± 0.32 mg L-1) was higher than other species, while silver carp (16.7 mg L-1) had the lowest one.

Development of shrimp farming has been associated with the incidence of fatal diseases including viral, bacterial and protozoan parasites of shrimp. Our study was aimed to present an status of several important protozoan parasites of F. indicus in cultured earthen ponds in Iran during the period of 2011 to 2012. One hundred live shrimp were randomly prepared from the Shrimp Helleh Station in south of Iran. Prevalence and intensity were two important indices that calculated in our research. They were scraping, putting on clean slides and examined under microscope to observe the protozoan parasites. Zoothamnium sp. is more prevalent pathogen among peritrichous ciliates (88.66% to 79%) in pleopods. Acineta sp. was less prevalent in our isolations neither in pleopods nor in gills. It is concluded that, peritrichous ciliates are more frequent ciliates causing mortality in cultured shrimps at high density in higher temperature and ammonia.

A feeding trial was conducted for sixty continuous days to determine the effect of dietary Aloe vera and Echinacea on immunological parameters of Shirbot (Barbus grypus) Four hundred and twenty fish weighing 50-60 g were randomly subjected to to seven different treatment, including one control (Aloe vera and Echinacea free diet), A1 (0.1% of Aloe vera, A2 (0.2% of Aloe vera , A3 (0.5% of Aloe vera) , E1 (0.1% of Echinacea) , E2 (0.2% of Echinacea ), E3 (0.5% of Echinacea) each in triplicate. Some immunological parameters such as respiratory burst activity, Complement activity, Lysozyme activity, serum bactericidal activity, total protein and albumin were assessed. At the end of treatment, 30 fish from each group were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila . No significance difference was seen in respiratory burst activity of Aloe vera and Echinacea treatments compared to the control group (P>0.05).Complement and serum bactericidal activity enhanced in all the Aloe vera groups (P0.05). Lysozyme activity in 0.2% Aloe vera treatments was significantly higher than Echinace and control groups (P

The major objective of this study was to investigate heavy metal content of black pomfret (Parastromateus niger ). The concentrations of Zn, Cu, As and Cd were determined in external (gill and shell) and internal organs (muscle and liver) of black pomfret in northwest of Persian Gulf in summer 2013. A total of 60 specimens were collected from fishing bottom trawlers. Concentrations of these heavy metals were measured by using atomic absorption spectrometer. Results showed that heavy metals concentrations varied significantly, depending on the types of the tissue in fish. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals Zn and Cu were in the sequence liver> shell> gill> muscle but for Cd and As were in the sequence of gill> shell> liver> muscle. In total organs and among heavy metals the accumulation of Zn and As were the highest and the lowest (P

In this research, the effect of different water temperature on THC (Total hemocyte count), variety of hemocyte cells and histopathological differences in Crayfish Astacus leptodactylus were studied. This study was designed in three groups in triplicate with 20 Crayfish in each glass aquarium. The rate of temperature in three groups were 10,15, 20, and 25 °C, respectively. The results indicated that the differences of THC value between Group1 (69± 19.00) and Group 3 (18± 12.49) were significant after 48 h . After 168 h, also the differences of THC value between Group 3 (9± 6.24) with Groups 1 & 2 (35.33± 7.02 &32.33± 8.73) were significant. The highest and lowest density of hemocyte cells were belong to semigranular cells (SGC), granular cells (GC) and hyaline cells (HC), with estimated values of 59-64%, 28-36% and 3-8% respectively. The result of histopathology in heaptopancreas, gill and heart in Group 3 affecting of high temperature showed the distribution of hemocyte aggregation and pyknosis of nucleus within vaculation of hepatopancreas. In Groups 1 and 2 the differences of hepatopancreas and gill lamella were lower and no pathological changes of heart were observed. No significant changes of digestive tract were observed in all treatments.

Growth behavior of five lactic acid bacteria previously isolated from Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), were evaluated at different pH, temperature and salt concentrations. Also, antibacterial activity of extracellular products (ECPs) of this LAB were assessed to Aeromonas hydrophila . Further, their antibiotic susceptibility was determined with some commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture. In an in vivo work the effect of Lactococcus lactis as the supplementary diet was evaluated on growth performance of Persian sturgeon for a period of 56 days. Strong growth of all LAB were seen at 20 and 300 C, as well as 40 and 80 g L-1 NaCl. The LAB ECPs exhibited varied results of antagonism to the A. hydrophila with maximum activity observed at temperature between 25 and 300 C Also, the higher antagonistic activity was observed for ECPs of W. cibaria , P. pentosaceus, and L. lactis at pH 9. Both W. cibaria and E. faecalis were resistance to oxytetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazol, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and flumequine, while L. lactis was sensitive to oxytetracycline, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol. These results showed that use of L. lactis can act as a positive probiotic in Persian sturgeon feed via improvement of fish growth performance, feed efficiency and fish health.

Pick handle barracuda (Sphyraena jello) ) is one of the most important commercial species in the Persian Gulf. In order to investigate prevalence and intensity of nematoda, 150 S. jello from three sites (Khuzestan, Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces) of the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf were monthly investigated in the period 2012-2013. The nematodes belonging to the genus Hysterothylacium (family Raphidascarididae) were isolated from the abdominal cavity and digestive tract with a prevalence of 12% and mean intensity of 4.8. Intensity of infestation was increased with size of the host (P

Skeletal deformities cause severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry due to the reduced market value of the affected fish. The banded cichlid (Heros severus) is an ornamental cichlid native to the Amazon region. In the summer 2011 during clinical investigation on 750 severum of 5 ornamental fish farms in Karaj and Tehran, Iran, a two-year-old severum having deformity in dorsal and anal fins was referred to the radiology section of Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Standard, high quality radiographs were taken and studied. Deformities in vertebrates, plural ribs, neural spines and hemal spines were detected. Kyphosis and Lordosis was observed in V14 to V18. The scoliosis in both parts was left and right sided and in first part was detectable in V10 to V13 and in second in V24 to V29. Neural spines of V14 to V17 and hemal spines of V16 to V22 were deformed. This case history showed that parents of this fish were offspring’s of the same fish and implies that inbreeding of brood stock may cause such deformities.

Freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) is an important economic fisheries resource of Aras reservoir, Iran. The infection of freshwater crayfish by gram negative and gram positive bacteria are common in natural and cultural environments. These bacteria are considered as secondary disease agents or opportunities. This study was conducted to investigate infestation condition on freshwater crayfish regarding the bacterial agents by culturing from haemolymph in aseptic condition on Blood Agar, Trypton Soya Agar (TSA) and Cytophaga Agar and was performed by biochemical tests. In this study Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Flavobacterium johnsoniae were isolated and determined. According to the results which was performed for first time on Aras reservoir freshwater crayfish, the percentage of crayfish which carried the bacteria in haemolymph were variable (20.0-58.5%). Also, the gram negative bacteria particularly Aeromonas hydrophila were dominant among the bacterial isolates from crayfish.