فصلنامه آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، تابستان 1394)

For comparison of the incidence rate of ascites in broilers affected by respiratory syndrome in Isfahan (ISF) and Chaharmaha-va-bakhtiari (CMB) provinces, 74 broiler chicken flocks in ISF and 27 broiler chicken flocks in CMB were monitored along growing period during 2010-2012. Results showed the frequency of ascites incidence in CMB was significantly higher than ISF (p<0.05). The analysis of data showed that there was a significant relationship between respiratory syndrome and ascites syndrome incidence in broiler chickens (p<0.05) but there was no relationship between ascites and location after respiratory syndrome. Furthermore, the percent of ascites incidence after respiratory syndrome in CMB was significantly higher than ISF (p<0.05). It seems that broiler chickens in CMB, due to some risk factors such as high altitude and low temperature, were highly susceptible to ascites after respiratory syndrome in comparison to ISF and it is necessary to apply specific nutritional and hygienic management measures of broiler flocks in this area.

Ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) may cause metabolic and structural hepatic damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of crocin on liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. For this purpose a total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups of ten: (1) controls: including unmanipulated rats; (2) sham group: rats subjected to the surgical procedure, except for liver I/R, and given saline; (3) I/R group: rats underwent liver ischemia for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion for 45 minutes; (4) I-R/Crocin group: rats pretreated with crocin (200 mg/kg, ip). Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested from the rats, and then the rats were sacrificed. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were assayed in liver homogenates. Also liver tissue histopathology was evaluated by light microscopy. In group 4, crocin significantly (p<0.001) decreased the elevated levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and significantly (p<0.001) decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased values of hepatic antioxidants. Histopathological changes were significantly attenuated in crocin-treated livers. These results suggest that crocin because of its anti-oxidant potential, has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury, and is a potential therapeutic drug for ischemia reperfusion-related liver injury.

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of propolis alcoholic extract on the number of bovine mastitis isolates. For this purpose, agar disk diffusion method for determination of bacterial sensitivity and dilution method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was used separately. The results of bacterial sensitivity test in the case of the standard antibiotics of tetracycline, amikacine and also disks impregnated with alcoholic extracts of propolis showed that the diameter of inhibition zone created by the mentioned combination about all of tested isolates was far larger and this difference about Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia isolates, was significant (p<0.05). Also the results of MIC and MBC tests indicated that the inhibition of bacterial growth by alcoholic extract of propolis had a direct relationship with the amount of available propolis in the dilution and increasing of propolis in each dilution, reduced the number of cultured bacterial colonies and no bacterial growth was observed in the dilution equivalent to MBC of propolis. Therefore, it seems that constitutes of this natural compound could be used as effective antibacterial agents against a wide range of bacteria causing bovine mastitis instead of using synthetic antibiotics.

Abomasal ulcers are usually seen in dairy cattle with high production following the stress of parturition. Primary and secondary abomasal ulcers are seen in cows and suckling calves. Some ulcers are life-threatening, but the majority are without any clinical signs and only diagnosed in slaughterhouse. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of abomasal ulcers in local cattle slaughtered at noor city abattoir. For this purpose, the abomasum of 200 cows (92 bulls and 108 cows) aged 2.5 to 11 years (5.21±2.5) were investigated randomly after slaughter. For accurate diagnosis and grading of the lesions, tissue samples were prepared for histopathological investigation. Six cases (3%) of the examined abomasa had various types of abomasal ulcers. In this study, abomasal ulcer type 1 was observed with the highest frequency (3 cases). Type 2 and type 3 were seen in 2 and 1 case respectively. There was no type 4 abomasal ulcer. The highest number of ulcers was seen in pylorus and cardia. The highest percentage of abomasal ulcer was observed in cattle older than 9 years (4.77%). Significant difference was observed in the occurrence of abomasal ulcers in different ages (p<0.05). There was no significant association between sex and the incidence of abomasal ulcers.

Coenzyme Q10 is considered as a vitamin or a vitamin-like substance which is found in food resources naturally like other vitamins. In recent years, several drugs have been used effectively for treatment of diabetes, but the treatment or protective effect of few of them have been studied microscopically. In the present study, the complementary effect of Q10 on testicular structure in alloxan-induced diabetic rats was studied. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 rats. The first group was the control group; the second group was the control group treated with 75 mg/kg Q10 for one month, orally (gavage); the third one was the alloxan-induced diabetic treatment group in which a single dosage of 120 mg/kg alloxan was administered intra peritoneally, and the fourth group was the diabetic treatment group treated with Q10. The rats’ weight, testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, testicular capsule thickness and seminiferous tubular epithelium thickness were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan,s multiple range test. Q10 demonstrated a modifying effect on the diabetic rats’ testicular damage such that damages in tissue structure and the sex cells, as well as shrinkage of the seminiferous tubules were observed very slightly. Furthermore, Q10 could inhibit the infiltration of the vessels into and under the capsule space which was significant in diabetic group. The use of Q10 as an antioxidant significantly protected the spermatogenic cells, testicular capsule, testis weight, and seminiferous tubule diameter from the damage of diabetes in rats.

Oxidative stress is a condition is which the biological system's ability to detoxify and eliminate harmful effects of free radicals is not sufficient and oxidative damages to cells or tissues  leads to the development of diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis and degenerative changes. Phenolic compounds due to their high antioxidant capacity, have an important role in health and increase the antioxidant defense against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of white tea on status of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx), MDA (malondialdehyde) and TAC (total antioxidant capacity) in rats treated with sodium arsenite. In this study, 32 adult male rats weighing 200-250 g were used in four groups of eight. The first group included healthy normal rats (control group), the second group of rats were treated with sodium arsenite (100 ppm in drinking water) the third group of rats were treated with aqueous extract of white tea at a concentration of 1/5%, via gavage, the fourth group of rats were treated with aqueous extract of white tea (1/5%) via gavage with sodium arsenite (100 ppm in drinking water). The rats were killed at the end of the 28th day of treatment and blood samples were collected and the antioxidant enzymes of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and MDA and TAC were measured. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of white tea significantly increased the activities of SOD, GPx, CAT and TAC and decreased   MDA concentration (p<0.05). The results showed consummation of white tea decreased the oxidative stress of arsenic by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and potentiation of antioxidant defense system.

The aim of this study was to investigate changes of serum parameters such as adenosine deaminase (ADA), heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27), homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid profiles (LDL,HDL,VLDL and Triglyceride) in bovine leptospirosis. After diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in cattle, blood samples were collected from 12 cases of bovine leptospirosis and 12 healthy samples via jugular vein and all parameters along with zinc (Zn2+) were measured. The results denoted a significant increase in Hcy, HSP-27, TG, VLDL, along with a significant decrease in HDL-C, ADA, LDL-C and zinc (Zn2+) in patients compared to healthy ones (p≤0.01). Based on the results, the listed parameters may be used in the management of bovine leptospirosis.