فصلنامه آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1386)

The Prostate gland is one of the accessory reproductive glands with important physiological functions necessary for successful reproduction. This gland depends on the presence of sex hormones including androgens for its natural function and normal growth and development. So in the case of hyperplasia, hypertrophy or other prostatic disease the most successful and efficient method of treatment is androgenic control that in some cases is unavoidable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of androgenic depletion states by means of castration on the induction of apoptosis in the epithelial glandular cells of the prostate tissue. Two groups of male dogs each containing 5 animals per group were used in this study. The dogs were under observation for 1 month to detect any possible diseases or disorders. After this period the dogs in the treatment group underwent open castration to decrease the levels of the androgenic hormones in the blood while the dogs in the control group were left intact. One week after surgery, the prostate glands of control and treatment animals were collected and used to prepare microscopic sections. The sections were evaluated following staining with TUNEL (TerminaldeoxyNucleotidyl (dUTP) transferase-mediated End Labeling) and H&E methods. The Mann – Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Histopathological studies in the treatment group revealed the presence of various forms of apoptotic cells in the glandular epithelium. Average number of apoptotic cells in ten microscopic fields were significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (p

The aim of this study is to determine the diameter and number of pancreatic islets of the duck. Histomorphometric studies were carried out on the pancreas of adult male and female domestic ducks of western Iran with an average age of 26-30 weeks using hematoxylin-eosin and special stainings, light microscope and ocular micrometer. The islet diameters were found to be between 65.7 and 115.2 microns. The ducks had fewer islets (42.87%) yet with greater diameters (95.9 microns) but in the drakes there were more islets (57.13%) with smaller diameters (83.5 microns). The least number of islets with the greatest diameter were observed in the ventral pancreatic lobe of female ducks while the most number of islets with the smallest diameter were seen in the ventral pancreatic lobe of male ducks. Overall it can be concluded that the diameter and number of pancreatic islets of the duck varies in different parts of the gland and between the sexes and there is an inverse relationship between them.

In this study, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 100 dairy cattle of Tabriz area in each season of the year, their sera separated and the concentration of Na and K was determined using the flame photometry method. Results were analyzed by the statistical software program SPSS13. ANOVA was used to compare mean seasonal serum Na and K concentrations. The mean concentration of K was 5.8 ±0.86 mmol/lit and the mean concentration of Na was 146.7±73 mmol/lit. Minimum and maximum K levels were 3 and 7 mmol/lit respectively and these values for Na were 125 and 167 mmol/lit. There was no significant difference between mean K levels in different seasons (p>0.01), and also between mean Na levels at spring and autumn (p>0.01). Based on the Tukey multiple comparisons test, there was a significant difference between mean Na concentrations at summer and winter (p

From July to October 2006, fecal samples were collected from 242 horses and ponies of Tabriz jockey clubs and 119 local equids in order to determine their EPG and parasitic fauna of gastrointestinal helminthes. After performing the Clayton- laen method of floatation test using zinc chloride and saturated sodium chloride solutions, it was determined that the feces of 40% of jockey club horses and 78.15% of local equids were infected by the eggs of parasitic gastrointestinal helminthes. Trichuris eggs were observed in 4.2% of the feces of local equids. Fecal culture revealed that all the eggs in the feces of jockey club horses were small strongyles while 2 of the local equids were infected by Strongyles vulgaris and the rest by small strongyles. Based on independent t-test, the differences between males and females and different age groups were insignificant.

In this study, histometrical and histopathological effects of celery and spearmint essences which were mixed as lotion were evaluated on the process of wound healing following surgical skin trauma in the rat. Forty five female Wistar rats were selected and after anesthesia with xylazine and ketamine, four full thickness wounds were created on their dorsum using number 7 biopsy punch. The rats were then randomly divided to three equal groups and numbered. In group one the herbal lotion was administered at the lower dose of 2ml /cm2 twice a day, in group two the higher dose was administered at 2ml /cm2 four times a day while group three or the control group received placebo (distilled water). The treatment continued for 21 days during which daily digital images were taken from the wounds and the wound area calculated using digital image analysis software. Also on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after trauma, the wounds were biopsied for histopathological evaluations (3 rats/group) and these rats were omitted from the rest of the study. Histometrical and histopathological findings indicated the stimulatory effect of the herbal lotion on wound healing during the epithelialization phase and this stimulatory effect was more effective and prominent in the treatment group which received the lower dose and the results were statistically significant (p

This study was done to evaluate apparent dental disorders of horses in Tabriz area. Among the 120 horses evaluated, 65.83% had dental disorders. The most prevalent dental disorder observed was dental tartar (65.22%) while dental caries was the least prevalent (5.43%). The occurrence of dental tartar was significantly higher than the other disorders (p

The heads of ten adult camels were used in this study. Following skin removal, the length, width and thickness of the gland was measured by ruler and caliper. Dye injection was used to distinguish the sublingual duct papilla and 1cm sections from the gland were removed and fixed to prepare histologic sections stained with H & E for microscopic studies. The long, ribbon like and lobulated monostomatic part of the gland is situated underneath the tongue alongside the hypoglossus muscle. This part of the gland begins from the mandibular symphysis and is continued caudally to near the root of the tongue. The average length, width and thickness of this part were 15.2±0.02, 2.2±0.03 and 0.5±0.05 cm respectively. The polystomatic part was observed as scattered and lobulated near the submucosa and in front of the monostomatic part with decreasing concentration caudally. The average size of these fragments was approximately 0.5±0.02 cm. The overall appearance of the gland was lobulated with a pink colour. The monostomatic part has a single duct entering the sublingual caruncle. The minute polystomatic ducts open into the depressions alongside the tongue inside the oral cavity. These ducts are numerous. Histologically, the gland is surrounded by a capsule of dense connective tissue. Trabcules from the capsule penetrate the gland and divide it into lobules. Loose connective tissue makes up the framework of the gland and there are tubulo-acinus glands in the spaces of this framework. Approximately 95% of the secretory cells of this gland consist of mucous secreting cells. Myoepithelial cells are seen on the external surface of the secretory cells and also alongside the connecting ducts.

In this study, after separating 40 Clostridium perfringens isolates from affected broiler flocks, the antibacterial susceptibility test revealed 39 drug resistance patterns in which 95% of the isolates were distributed into 38 different patterns (one isolate in each pattern) and only 5% of the isolates were placed in a single pattern (two isolates in a pattern). All 40 Clostridium perfringens isolates demonstrated resistance to chloramphenicol, vancomycin and sulfamethoxazole뚸ꙺ�ꚸ, ranging from 0 to 17.5% while tetracycline, lincomycin and neomycin sulfate had a high level of resistance from 80 to 87.5%. Also an isolate demonstrated multiple resistance to more than 14 antibacterial compounds.

Despite the significant progresses made in the reduction of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, they are still the primary cause of death in many countries and hyperlipidemia is an important causal agent of cardiovascular diseases. Probiotics are food supplements containing live microbes which balance the flora of the digestive system and produce positive effects in the host body. L.acidophilus is a beneficial bacterium used in the production of probiotic products .The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of consumption of milk containing L.acidophilus on serum lipid trends of rats fed high lipid diet. This is an experimental study in which 30 male albino Wistar rats with a body weight of 200±15 gr. were randomly allocated to two groups of treatment and control each containing 15 rats which were adapted to a high lipid diet (11.74%) and water containing 25% milk within a week. Rats in both groups received high lipid diet and water containing 25% milk for 60 days with the exception that rats in the treatment group received water containing L. acidophilus at a level of 109 CFU/rat/day throughout the experiment. Independent t-test revealed that at a level of α= 0.05, mean levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C of rats in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (p