Journal of Dentomaxillofacil Radiology, Pathology and Surgery
Volume:5 Issue: 3, autumn 2016

Introdouction: Impacted mandibular third molar surgery may affect periodontal status of the adjacent second molar. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in periodontal health parameters distal to the adjacent second molar following surgical extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar.
We selected 50 subjects with a mean age of 22.8 (ranging from 18 to 25) years, of which 42 completed the study. Patients had no systemic problems and had a mesioangular impacted mandibular third molar categorized at C1 class based on Pell and Greogory classification. PD (Probing Depth) and AL (Attachment Level) were measured before surgery and four months after surgery on the distal aspect of adjacent second molar. Data analyses were conducted by using SPSS Software (Version22) and a probability level of 0.05 was used throughout.
The results were analyzed statistically using paired-sample t-test and ANOVA (repeated measures).
Surgical extraction of fully impacted mesioangular third molar resulted in statistically significant decrease in PD on the distal aspect of mandibular second molar (p Surgical extraction of mesioangular deeply impacted mandibular third molars causes decreased PD at the distal aspect of the second molar and improves AL. Therefore, periodontal improvement was shown in our study. But further research that reduces the limitations of this study and the use radiographic follow-up can provide better results.

Introdouction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning is a technological innovation developed in recent years with potential use in oral surgery and many other dental procedures. The aim of this study is to determine the maxillary sinus mucosal thickening in the maxillary premolar-molar area using the CBCT technique.
In this retrospective study, a total of 105 cases (49 females and 56 males) that had 186 exposed maxillary sinuses were included. The age range of the cases was 24–58 years old. Periapical infections of maxillary molars and mucosal thickness changes were detected and recorded by two specialists in a radiologist and a periodontist.
Mucosal thickening in either one or both maxillary sinuses was found in the periapical area of 14 second premolars (13.3%), 48 first molars (45.7%), 39 second molars (37.1%), and 4 third molars (3.8%), with mucosal thickenings >1.8 mm. The mean maxillary sinus mucosal thickening in cases with PA radiolucency was 1.7 mm, and in patients without PA radiolucency, the mean was 2.1 mm (p = 0.01). Mucosal thickening due to pulpal infections of untreated teeth was seen in 39 (37.1%) cases, and mucosal thickening due to inadequate previous root canal therapy
was seen in 66 (62.9%) patients.
CBCT is a helpful method for detecting periapical lesions which affect the maxillary sinus and is recommended in maxillary surgical procedures.

Introdouction:One of the reasons that cause a pathologist to make an incorrect diagnosis includes artifacts leading to tissue changes and artificial structures in microscopic slides. The aim of this study was to examine the artifacts in histopathological slides in Zahedan School of Dentistry.
In this cross-sectional study, all the available slides in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Archive at the School of Dentistry during 1999–2015 were evaluated for existing artifacts. The artifacts found in the slides were divided into the following three categories: 1) caused by a surgeon’s performance, 2) resulting from sample transfer to laboratory, and 3) arising from a technician’s performance. Then, the frequency of each type of artifact was calculated in numbers and percentages and analyzed with the proportions of two populations test.
All the 658 histological slides contained artifacts. Moreover, 96.5% of the artifacts were associated with a technician’s performance, and 90.4% were associated with a surgeon’s performance. The proportion of difference between the two types of artifacts was statistically significant (P value = 0.001). The most common artifacts resulting from technicians’ performances included formalin pigmentation, folding, and bubble. However, the most common artifacts resulting from surgeons’ performances were split, crush, and hemorrhage.
The results of this study indicated that there was a high frequency of artifacts in oral histological slides. Retraining courses seemed to be helpful for practitioners involved in preparation of slides, in addition to increased cooperation of surgeon–pathologist, which can reduce the risk of artifacts.

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for progression of periodontitis, which effects on the incidence, extent and severity of the periodontal disease and no other known factors can be harmful as much as smoking to the periodontal tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical and histopathological effects of smoking on free gingiva in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis.
Biopsies were obtained from palatal gingiva of first and second molar of 72 patients with chronic periodontitis (36 smokers and 36 non-smokers). These samples were sent to the pathologic laboratory for microscopic examinations, and then the data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.
Histopathological examination showed that smoking increase the thickness of the outer and inner epithelium of free gingiva, Collagenized connective tissue, and CAL; and decrease the vascular density.
It seems that the reduction of the clinical signs of inflammation in the gingival tissue of smokers are because of changes in gingival epithelium and connective tissue due to smoking.

Introdouction: Oral and dental health is viewed as one of the most important domains of public health, which is of over riding importance among mothers who, with regard to their role in maintaining their health and their children’s health, are considered one of the vulnerable groups.
This is a cross-sectional study in which 110 pregnant mothers referring to 15 Health Treatment Centers of Rasht (totally 33 centers) were randomly selected. The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire with items on awareness, different dimensions of the Health Belief Model (HBM), and practices in relation to oral and dental health care. The data were then analyzed.
Findings showed that the mean practice score of mothers on “the practice of oral and dental health care by pregnant women” was 37.5±15.9 in relation to oral and dental health care for pregnant women. Awareness (ß = 0.382) and among the structures of the Health Belief Model, perceived sensitivity (ß = −0.263) and perceived obstacles (ß = −0.367) were the most significant predicting factors of behavior of oral and dental health in pregnant women. These variables indicated 20% variance for oral and dental health care behavior.
This study indicated the efficiency of the health belief model (HBM) in predicting behavior promoting oral and dental health among pregnant mothers.

Introdouction: The incidence and etiology of maxillofacial fractures are influenced by social, cultural, and environmental factors. Understanding the cause, severity, and temporal distribution of maxillofacial trauma provides an insight into the behavioral patterns of people from different countries and can also assist in establishing clinical and research priorities for effective treatment and prevention of these injuries.
This is a descriptive retrospective study and its statistical population includes all traumatic patients with midface and lower face fractures, attended to from April 2015 to March 2016 Velayat Hospital in Rasht, Iran. Data collected included patients’ age, gender, cause of accident, anatomical affected site, and treatment modality. A total of 430 medical records of patients with facial trauma were reviewed and then analyzed using SPSS v 21.
Patients’ ages ranged from 2 to 90 years (mean age, 31 years). Most of the patients were in the 21- to 30-year-old age group. The ratio of men to women was 8:1. Majority of fractures were caused by traffic accidents (70.9%), followed by falls (12.3%), assaults (7.3%), work accidents (2.6%), and sports accidents (1.8%). Isolated midface fractures were most common (56.4%), followed by isolated lower face fractures (26%). Midface and lower face fractures accounted for 17.6% of the total fractures. Approximately 79.5% of patients were treated by open procedures, 15.9% with closed reduction, 3.2% using both procedures, and 1.3% received no treatment.
This retrospective study revealed that the most common cause of midface and lower face fractures were traffic accidents. A majority of the fractures occurred in people aged 20–30 years. Open reduction and internal fixation methods were more commonly used than closed ones.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is an inflammatory rare benign disorder, involving young patients. It predominantly occurs in females younger than 40 years of age. Moreover, it is characterized by fever and
lymphadenopathy. Lymphadenopathy is usually located in the cervical area, and the nodes are mostly unilateral and tender. Fever is present in one third of cases. Skin lesions, arthralgia, myalgia,splenomegaly, or hepatomegaly are rare.
There are no particular laboratory tests for this disease; however, its evaluation shows a slight increase of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukopenia. Although viruses and autoimmune mechanisms have been suggested, the etiology is still unknown. Because the laboratory data are often normal and lymphoma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) should be ruled out, diagnosis is fundamentally based on the affected lymph node biopsy. Spontaneous recovery of the disorder occurs within several weeks to months.
Our patient is a 34 years old female. In August 2015, she presented without any history of fever, chills, rash, and loss of weight associated with right cervical submandibular lymphadenopathy and earache. Laboratory data were normal other than a slight increase of ESR and CRP. Finally, as malignancy was still a strong possibility, a cervical lymph node biopsy was performed and necrotizing lymphadenitis was diagnosed. Subsequently, she was treated with steroids and lymph nodes were reduced; however, within 1 month it recurred. Finally, with possible diagnosis of human herpes virus through administration of acyclovir, the patient’s lymphadenopathy completely disappeared, and it did not recur within 6 months.