مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت حکیم
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 72، بهار 1395)

Nurses are one of the main members of health care team to provide health services, globally. Newspapers have a unique role to reflect the nurses related issues, with regards to their important role. This study was conducted to evaluate critically the nurses’ related published issued in widely published newspapers in 2014 in Iran.
The required information was retrieve from the web pages of the Iranian Nursing organization, and newspapers using the main keyword of “nursing”. All published material was collected (Census method) for data analysis and, data was analyzed using content analysis (qualitative and quantitative). A total number of 250 articles from 14 newspapers were retrieved and analyzed.
Quantitative analysis showed that 14 newspapers published relevant materials to nursing. Bazaar-e-kar newspaper and Keyhan newspaper, with 47 and one news, had the highest and lowest number of publications about nurses, respectively. Six main themes and several categories emerged from qualitative data analysis. The main themes include: nurses clinical issues, welfare and income of nurses, shortages of nurses, Iranian health monitoring project, violence against nurses and social credit.
The results showed that the content of published materials in newspapers in relation to nursing, focused mostly on their professional problems or demands. Nurses’ activities as a main member of health care team in community has been poor-reported, and their role in other settings and different levels of prevention have been ignored.

Setting tariffs is one of the most important tools of policy makers at Health system in every country for applying stewardship which is effective on justice, effectiveness, quality and accountability of health services, and also could influence the accessibility and the rate of using health care services. The changing of medical tariffs not only could affect the income of medical and hospital service providers, but also could affect the costs of the funders of medical and hospital services. This study was conducted to investigate the concept of real tariff from insurance organizations managers’ point of view.
This qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interview with 19 informed managers, or relevant managers of insurance organizations, social security and armed forces. Data was analysed thematic analysis method.
In general four main challenges were reported by participants as the challenges of tariffs including: methods, structure and principles of tariff setting; economic aspects, dissatisfaction of professionals involved with tariff setting, and lack of supervision on non-tariff expressed, and implementation challenges.
The identified challenges should be taken into account to modify the tariff setting, and to identify problems. The practical principles should be considered to determine tariffs as well as the scientific and logical principles.

As fertilization preventing behaviors is one of the most important components of demographic trends, population policies predominantly focuses on family planning. Due to the reduction in population growth of Iran, population policies have been changed somewhat. This study was conducted to explore the impact of changes in population policy approach on the trend of contraceptive methods usage in recent 10 years.
In this population-based cross-sectional study, the prevalence of different contraceptive methods usage was evaluated in four years of 1381, 1384, 1387 and 1390 using the collected data through Tehran Lipid and Glucose study (TLGS).
The results showed that the use of the modern contraception and the traditional contraception methods have been increased and decreased across the time, respectively. Childbirth tendency were slowly increasing among women younger than 35 years. At the same time the use of male methods, especially condoms had a regular increasing trend, while female methods, including IUD, pills, injection had a decreasing trend. In this respect, at the end of decade (Phase 4), the prevalence of using male contraceptive methods, especially condom, was more than female methods which had no significant association with women’s educational level or parity (p=0.15 and P=0.08, respectively).
It seems that the changes of population policy have been gradually caused a reduction in modern contraceptive methods usage. Understanding about these trends could help the health care policy makers to predict, design and implement the future decisions, and would provide valuable strategies to determine accurate health policies in the country.

Malaria is a serious parasitic disease that happens in most of tropical, sub tropical and temperate areas, bearing considerable public health and socio-economic problems. Currently southeastern of Iran is counted as a malarious area affected by P.vivax and P.falciparum. Sero-epidemiological study is a selective method for detecting anti-plasmodia antibodies and its results could provide valuable data, and facilitate the implementation of malaria elimination program. This study was conducted to investigate anti malaria antibodies using IFA test method in children aged 9 and younger in Minab and Jask districts of Hormozgan province, Iran.
In this cross-sectional study a total of blood samples of 380 including 235 (61%) males with mean age of 6.1 years, and 145 (38.2%) females with mean age of 6.2 years were collected using finger pricked methods. Giemsa stained thin and thick blood smears were prepared from the recruited participants samples. A drop of the blood from each sample was spread onto a DNA banking card and one more drop was collected into microhematocrit tube for IFA test.
Results of the study showed that there was any detected positive case neither in microscopical examination nor in IFA test. Namely, there was not any active malaria transmission among the considered individuals in the districts under study.
According to the results of this study malaria elimination program is successfully progressing at the districts under study.

The current study was conducted to provide strategies to attract Iranian residents elites as well as non-residents at the medical sciences center of excellence poles, and to reduce the rate of brain drain.
The Stakeholder Analysis technique has been applied in this study in 2014. The recommended WHO protocol and relevant tools was translated to Persian language. Then, a total numbers of 36 stakeholders, who were related to elites issue, in 5 sections and 13 sub-sections were identified through reviewing of evidences and documents as well as brainstorming sessions, and the semi-structured interviews was conducted with them. The content analysis was used to achieve a systematic and explicit analysis of requested characteristics.
The results were reported according to the inner outer of the organization, knowledge, position, interests, alliances, available resources, initiation of stakeholders about the policy under study. The participants reported different and contrast views, overally. The results revealed that the National Elites Foundation, policy enforcement, policy makers and centers of excellence had the most and the least power and influence on elites circulation, respectively.
In order to achieve a reliable solution, the definition of center of excellence, and elites and talented should be revised. According to this revision, and opinions of the stakeholders participating in the study, a conceptual framework was suggested in which the interaction and cooperation among the poles of excellent and elites, through elites based in knowledge management units, clinical research, research positions, knowledge based enterprises, and social entrepreneurship has been clarified

One of the most important way to increase equitable access and utilization of health services in health care system, is family physician program. This program acts as a bridge among different levels of health service delivery, and has a main role to decrease the health costs, and to provide accessibility to more special health care. Thus it is necessary that studies to be conducted to evaluate the performance this field in health care system. The current study was conducted to assess the trend and the percentage of changes in the prescriptions costs for para-clinic servicesæ before and after the family physician program in Fars province in 2012.
In this cross sectional study )descriptive- analytical (the number of referrals to receive para clinic services monthly , the type of insurance, the public and private centers , the type of service received and insurance costs before and after running family physician program in urban area was collected and the data were compared and analyzed.
Although the results showed 4% and 19% reduction in service demand in para-clinic centers at public and private sectors after the implementation of urban family physician plan, respectively, the cost of insurance was increased significantly.
The percentage of reduction in service demand after the implementation of urban family physician was more in public compared to private sector, in other cities of Fars province compared to Shiraz, and in medical radiation center compared to laboratory. Encouraging the private sector, particularly in the medical radiation field to make contract with health insurances organizations, and monitoring the proportion of service prescribed according to the severity of the disease has a significant impact on increasing accessibility and reducing the costs of service in this sector.