مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت حکیم
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 96، بهار 1401)

 Organizational leadership is ‘the science and art of influencing employees, and mobilizing them to achieve organizational goals’. The purpose of this research was to identify the leadership challenges of female managers in healthcare organizations.

 This interpretive phenomenological research was conducted through in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 27 female managers in healthcare organizations in Tehran, Iran. The research sample was selected by purposeful and snowball methods. Thematic analysis method and MAXQDA2018 were used to analyze the data.

 Overall, 20 challenges were identified in the leadership of female managers of healthcare organizations, which were classified into four groups of structural, process, human, and cultural challenges. Personal and personality characteristics of female managers such as kindness, compassion, and flexibility, along with little management experience, insufficient authority, inconsistency with superior and peer managers, lack of resources, high workload, low motivation, knowledge and skills of subordinates, informal groups, organizational masculinity, gender misconceptions, and organizational discrimination were among the most important leadership challenges of female managers of healthcare organizations. Some of the solutions to solve these challenges include strengthening intelligence, knowledge, and management skills, adhering to moral values, managing gender characteristics, delegating authority, creating resources, increasing risk-taking, improving communication, effective conflict management, developing communication networks, meditation, coaching, correcting gender stereotypes and removing gender discrimination.

 Female managers face several challenges in leading their employees in healthcare organizations that need to be identified and resolved. A model was developed to strengthen the leadership of female managers of healthcare organizations, which will lead to an increase in their productivity.

 The coronavirus outbreak and its risk of infection can be considered one of the country’s most important issues during the last two years. Undoubtedly, reducing the coronavirus infection risk requires recognizing variables contributing to its contradiction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among some of the most important individual characteristics and health literacy and the likelihood of coronavirus infection.

 The study is performed using quantitative methods and survey techniques in March and April 2022. For this purpose, 385 Shirazians aged from 18 to 65 years old were surveyed. This survey was performed using an applied multi-stage cluster sampling method and a standard questionnaire. Information on Covid-19 infection were obtained using a self-reported question. Data analysis was performed by SPSS-20 software using binary logistic regression with a significance level of 0.05.

 The results showed that 66.3% of the respondents had coronavirus. Forty-one percent of participants had an insufficient health literacy level. The logistic regression showed that health literacy is the only variable with a statistically significant effect on coronavirus infection risk (95% CI: 0.938 - 0.981, OR= 0.959). The higher the health literacy, the lower the risk of coronavirus infection.

 Efforts to improve health literacy are an effective method to reduce the risk of pandemic diseases. Health education for people can be helpful. Therefore, health policies should pay more attention to health literacy.

 Writing any study requires compliance with specific standards in its field specialization, CHEERS, or consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards, is a special tool for reporting on how to write economic evaluation studies in the field of health, which We decided to review the standards of economic evaluation studies in Iran.

 For this purpose, we searched for Keywords related to Iran and CHEERS and combined them in PubMed and Scopus databases, in which we conducted economic evaluation studies that were conducted in Iran and reviewed by other researchers with relevant tools. 

 A total of 13 secondary Articles, including 40 original articles, were found as eligible. The highest reported components were Incremental costs and outcomes, Background, and objectives, abstract, title, comparators, and component 22; i.e., study findings, limitations, generalizability, and current knowledge. However, in the report of components of funding sources, Measures of effectiveness and Characterizing heterogeneity are seen as weaknesses. In total, the average score of cheers for Iranian studies was reported with an average of 84.33 and a standard deviation of 15.15.

 In total, 80% of Iranian studies had met the standards at an excellent and very good level, and only three studies (7.5%) reported poor standards. However, there are still areas for improvement in the report of some Items.

The infant mortality rate is one of the most important indicators of society’s health. It seems that the continuous presence of a specialist doctor in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) effectively improves the functional indicators of the newborn department. This study aimed to investigate and compare the causes of hospitalization and the death rate of infants in the neonatal department before and after the implementation of Physician residency.

Following a descriptive-analytical design, this cross-sectional study was performed before and after implementing the residency plan in the neonatal department of Bam Pastor Hospital. Information on 1,219 newborns was extracted by referring to their files, and the effect of the Physicians residency program on the death rate and hospitalization of newborns was investigated.

The results did not show a significant difference between the hospitalization rates before (601 people) and after (618 people) the plan. Also, there was no significant difference in the surfactant intake of infants before and after the implementation of the plan (P=0.15). There was no significant difference between the hospitalized infants in the two studied periods in performing invasive and non-invasive ventilation (P>0.05), although the number of non-invasive ventilation increased by 20% after the plan. The results showed that the death rate after the plan has significantly decreased by more than 50% (from 36 to 17 people) (P=0.02).

The implementation of the residency plan reduced both death and hospitalization of newborns. With the continuous presence of specialist doctors in the NICU, the mortality rate, as one of the most important health indicators, can be improved.

 In line with the importance of digital resilience in the health sector, especially during pandemic periods, and the double work and psychological pressure on the employees of such organizations, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of psychological and technical factors of adopting smart information technology on resilience” Digital is Iran’s health sector.

 In terms of purpose, this research is an applied descriptive survey. Data were collected using a questionnaire with 28 questions performed on a statistical sample of 200 Alborz University of Medical Sciences employees. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The digital resilience questionnaire developed by García Perez et al. was employed. Structural equation modeling, which was administered using PLS software, was used to test the hypotheses.

 Individual innovation behavior of healthcare workers on digital resilience (by a variable of 0.211); Self-efficacy of employees (0.367); Perceived benefits of the system (0.302); the level of professional knowledge of employees (0.369); and the level of conservatism of healthcare workers (0.329), presented a positive effect on digital resilience. However, the motives for using information systems, the complexity of the system, and the knowledge of using technology do not affect digital resilience in the health sector. 

 Improving the procedures for identifying talents, raising the level of professional knowledge of employees by holding on-the-job training courses and workshops with a focus on Professional knowledge, and spreading the culture of innovation and self-efficacy in the health sector can increase Digital resilience, indicating the need for more attention of managers.

Psychological-behavioral disorder is a significant clinical condition that is associated with a change in thinking, mood, emotion, or specific behavior as well as life dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders in high school students in Izeh city, Iran, in the academic year of 2019-2020, using a survey design [cross-sectional].

The current research was conducted following survey research of cross-sectional method with an applied purpose. A total of 362 students were selected using multistage random sampling among female and male high school students of Iezh city of Kuzestan Prominence. All participants filled Mental Disorders Symptoms Questionnaire (SCL-90-R). Data were analyzed using statistics measurements of frequency and frequency percent, and multivariate analysis of variance by SPSS version 22.

The results indicated that 22.7% [n = 82] of the total sample [CI0.95 =18.42-17.02], 32.6% [n = 59] of girls and 12.7% [n = 23] of boys; 17.5% [n = 21] of tenth academic grade students; 24.8% [n = 30] of eleventh academic grade students and 25.6% [n = 31] of twelfth academic grade students; and 20.4% [n = 28] students of humanity science field, 25.5% [n = 48] students of experimental science field, and 16.2% [n = 37] students of mathematics-physics field students were suspected to mental disorders.

According to the obtained reports, the mental health officials of the Education Organization and the relevant community officials should take appropriate actions to promote the mental health and well-being of adolescent male and female students.

Increasing fertility knowledge can reduce unintended pregnancies, induce abortions, and, finally, improve the health of mothers. The aim of this study was to investigate fertility knowledge and its determinants among married women of reproductive age.

This quantitative study was done by survey method. For this purpose, 400 women attending the health centers of Zarrin Shahr in Isfahan province were surveyed in 2022. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two sections and a total of 19 items.

The mean age of women was 34.07 years. Also, 44.5% of them had a university degree. Most women were born in a city (79.3%) and unemployed (72.0%). Most cases considered themselves to belong to the middle class (42.5%). Women’s average fertility knowledge score was 39.7% (SD= 18.3). The increase in the number of years of education of couples was significantly correlated with the increase in fertility knowledge (P<0.01). Fertility knowledge among employed women was significantly higher than non-employed women (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the increase in women’s education would significantly increase fertility knowledge (B=2.06, p-value=0.000).

Increase the women’s fertility knowledge means improving the level of mothers’ health. Increasing the literacy rate of women, especially women with lower education, should be considered in relevant programs. Fertility knowledge training for women who are on the threshold of reproductive age should be included in new population policies.

Today, iron deficiency anemia and lack of micronutrients, such as vitamins A and D, are common nutritional problems in children under two years old. This study aimed to investigate mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and performance regarding using supplemental drops in infants.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in two specialized pediatric clinics in Bam City. The statistical population was all mothers with an infant referring to pediatric clinics who were included in the study by the census. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the information to investigate mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and performance in the field of supplemental drops consumption. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.

49.2% of mothers were in the age group of 21-30 years old, had a diploma degree (29.8%), and were housewives (65.4%). Most of the referring mothers had another non-infant child (92.2%). The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and performance of mothers were 48.61, 23.20, and 36.50, respectively. The price of supplement drops was high for the majority of families (44%). Variables such as age, job, level of education, number of non-infant children, and the price of supplemental drops had the greatest impact on mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and performance.

In addition to teaching the importance of taking supplemental drops, appropriate measures should be taken for how to use supplemental drops in mothers with infants younger than two years old. It is also suggested that due to the cost of the supplemental drops, the necessary plans should be made regarding the access of these drops to everyone.