مجله مدیریت بهداشت و درمان
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 21، پاییز 1395)

Long life represent the well-being or better living standard of nation,as life expenctancy has direct link with social walfer, human health and economic development. The goal of study is to know the Impact of Socio factors (education, population growth) and Economic Factors (per capita gdp, food production) on Life Expectancy in Iran.
The present study is causative and is kind of times series data within 1350-1392 with using Autoregressive distributed lag model and Micro fit 4.1 software and its data extracted from World Bank, Central Bank and Iran Statistics Central.
food production, school enrollment has positive and significant relationship with life expectancy in Iran. On the other hand inflation and population growth and CO2 emissions has negative and significant relationship with life expectancy in Iran. The results show In short long and long run GDP growth has positive and significant relationship with life expectancy
The findings suggest that government of Iran should seriously check these socio-economic factors for increasing life expectancy.

While implementing Healthcare Overhaul Plan, the process of patient flow might have changes and performance indicators. So, Governmental hospitals, encounter better with shortages and need to workforces. This research conducted to determine the changes in hospital indicators before and after Healthcare Overhaul Plan and relationships of these changes to distribution of selected hospitals workforces.
This study was a descriptive-analytical study. Study population consisted of database of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data gathering tools were forms which gathered. Data analyzed using Excel and SPSS software and Two-sample t-tests and Pearson correlations.
in this study, performance indicators had significant relationship with distribution of hospital workforces in after the implementation of Healthcare Overhaul Plan. And in the state of manpower shortage in hospitals before and after the implementation of Healthcare Overhaul Plan, the results showed that Healthcare Overhaul Plan significantly contributed to reducing manpower shortage and this impact only in the paramedics group, including staff operating room, laboratory and radiology was not observed.
According to the standards of the Ministry of Health, there have been deficiencies in nursing human resources. The results indicate an increase in the levels of services. So healthcare overhaul plan have an impact on human resources and the higher the performance indicators used more manpower, the results also indicate the issue.

the guardian less patients are considered as hospital debtors and their financial burden is imposed on hospitals, this research has been conducted to evaluate the expenses of guardian less patients in selected hospitals of Shiraz University Medical Science.
Research this cross-sectional study has evaluated the financial burden that guardian less patients imposed on Shiraz selected Hospitals in the second half of the year 1393. The data was gathered through review of patient invoice and medical records using a self-administrated check list. The gathered data was analyzed using, ANOVA Test in SPSS21 software.
the findings indicated that 183 guardian less patients were discharged from hospital in the study period. Most of the patients were men (%58/6), married (%52), native (%77/3) and had health insurance (%61/5). The total expenditure of these patients was 8535929734 IRR which 5184119454 IRR was reimbursed by insurance organization. 3330828022 IRR was not compensated. Uncompensated cost was statistically different in different hospital and based on type of who referred patient.
Considering financial issues which hospitals face, using various interventions to decreasing uncompensated cost will be useful. Employing social workers who are professional in connecting with social support organizations and also improving population coverage of insurance plan will be helpful.

Organizational justice degree to which employees feel organizational rules and policies related to the fair. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nurse's perceptions of organizational justice and revenge behavior in the teaching hospital of the medical university in 2016.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was -Hmbstgy was conducted in 1395 in three hospitals. The study nurses. 190 nurses participated in this study. Research data was collected by standard questionnaires of organizational justice (Niehoff and Moorman 1998) and was completed questionnaire seeking Rftarantqam. Data analysis software SPSS version 24, using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Pearson correlation coefficient was used.
The mean score of organizational justice, distributive, procedural and interactional in hospitals, respectively 3/40 ± 0/64, 3/91 ± 0/73, 3/14 ± 0/76 and 2/90 ± 0/82. Average rating retaliatory behavior in these hospitals, 45/0 ± 59/4 respectively.
The results showed that perceived distributive justice, revenge is a significant relationship behaviors. Obtained correlation between distributive justice and revenge behavior is 16/0 according to the results obtained, any initiative that leads to a more equitable and fairer payments could lead to retaliatory behavior will be reduced.

Family medicine program with the aim of reduction in unnecessary cost, has been implemented in Iran, in rural and under 20,000 population urban areas in 1384. In this study, this targeting has been assessed by comprehensive care criterion in 17 health centers of Gorgan city in Iran.
In this research, the assessment of Rural Family Physician Program in 17 rural health centers of Gorgan city in 24 months has been carried out within an error-correction regression model in panel data framework. The results of regression estimations showed the weight/importance coefficients in comprehensive health car indicator, and then, the main/elasticity coefficients for the indicators, differentiating short-term and long-term trends on unnecessary cost indicator.
The effect of family physician on reduction in unnecessary cost, expectedly, was considerable, accounting for 6.6 percent. In contrast, the effect of nursing services in the program was too low, accounting for 0.2 percent, and the effect of lab services was much limited, accounting for 1.7 percent. Also, pharmaceutical (drug supply) services not expected.
In the family medicine program, to reduce in unnecessary cost, it is important to provide adequate pre-referral services, regarding comprehensive health care in the health centers under management of primary health care physician. But, comprehensive care in the Gorgan health centers has failed to meet expectations, since the shares and effects of nursing and laboratory services in the program were low.

The organizations providing health services have a significant role in the society. Organizations the utilization of the electronic process can improve the quality and capacity of services and so the level of in the health society. This study identifies and prioritizes the key factors to implement the electronic logistics in the Isfahan Health City.
by reviewing the literature, 28 potential factors for implementation of E-logistics were extracted. After that, the degree of significant of these factors was determined according to the expert using group decision making. to screen the in significant factors a method based on K-means clustering was used. Then using a recent method for ranking the fuzzy numbers, which is based on the interval of the fuzzy numbers and the center of gravity, the space the factors were prioritize according to the overall cost effectiveness index.
by K-Means clustering method 8 factors have been screened and the 20 remaining factors were prioritize according to the overall cost effectiveness index. After calculating the distance of each factor with maximum and minimum range of factors, the vision factor with score 3.761 and the Maintenance factor with score 0.093 were identified as the most important and the least important factors respectively.
In this study it was found that vision, create project teams, strategy and management support are the most importance factors for the implementation of E-logistics.

The health complaint is an expression of dissatisfaction by patient or its family that is required to responding. This research is done to achieve the Portrait of country medical complaints in the last decade.
In this systematic review by searching keywords in 6 knowledge base and to get help from Google search engine, articles in the field of health complaints in the period 1385 to 1395, were searched. The outcome of this search was 1270 Persian and English articles. Then the research team studied the title and abstracts and they removed 1120 irrelevant articles or without full text. In the next step, after the study of full texts, removed 131 duplicates or irrelevant with the issue. Eventually, research team achieved to the 19 articles that were completely relevant with the issue.
Generally, according to a specified pattern, highest percentage of the complaints were related to inappropriate behavior of medical staff and the lowest was related to costs. More than 60 percent of complaints were related to period 1390 to 1392. All complaints and registered articles were related to medical centers and hospitals affiliated to the Ministry of Health and medical education.
Serious determination of health authorities about application of complaints as a tool to quality improve, can play a role in taking advantage of this great and valuable source of information to promotion health society.

Recent events of social and economic systems are created opportunities and threats that creative solutions are needed to deal with them. Entrepreneurship is a feature that saves the modern systems at this critical juncture and ensures their survival. This study is aimed to determine the components of managers’ power on employees’ entrepreneurship at hospitals of Miandoab city.
The aim of this study is based on an applied research and based on collecting method and analyzing data is types of descriptive and correlational researches and it is, particularly, based on structural equation modeling. Data collecting tools were included Hinkin and Schriesheim’s (1989) power scales and Entrepreneurship Centre of Durham’s entrepreneurship personality features questionnaire. Reliability and Validity of the data collecting tool were confirmed by tests. A sample of 260 subjects (53 managers and 207 employees) was selected from Morgan table. In order to analyze data was used structural equation modeling.
The results showed that Referent power (β=0.421, t=4.102), Expert power (β=0.266, t=3.637) and Reward power (β=0.245, t=3.063) were involved in employees’ entrepreneurship but Legitimate and Coercive powers played no role in it. Also, the components of managers’ power were predicting altogether 0.371 of employees’ entrepreneurship changes.
managers can use the component of power (referent, expert and reward) has caused to declare and to strengthen these characteristics in employees and consequently, it ensures success of the organization.