مجله بررسی های حسابداری
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1393)

Generally, accounting is expressed as an information system whose main purpose is to provide useful information for decision making. Design, proper execution and implementation of information systems with organizational requirements, while providing a platform for providing timely and useful information, will also increase the value of the organization. This study examines the effectiveness of information systems and performance evaluation of the role and the impact on corporate performance deals. The method of survey research using questionnaires, the data was collected. After collecting the data, SPSS software was used for testing hypotheses. Overall, the statistical results show that accounting information systems while providing useful information, relevant, timely and reliable tool is useful for decision-making. In addition to complying with the requirements of accounting information systems and organizational environment; cause greater effectiveness, improve performance, and evaluate the performance of the company. Also factor in the development of an information system, establish and improve the organization's competitive advantage. Overall, these results indicate that information systems and information systems in particular accounting for the utility companies, and investment in this area is the economic justification for an organization.

The purpose of this study was to detect manipulation of real activities to meet zero earnings target in the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) over 2002-2009 and to investigate the effect of real activities manipulation and asymmetric timeliness of earnings. We analyzed operating cash flows (OCF), production costs and discretionary expenses to detect the evidence on real activities manipulation in TSE as an emerging capital market. Also, to measure the timely loss recognition, we used the approach introduced by Basu (1997). We detected abnormally low OCF, abnormally low discretionary expenses and abnormally high production costs for companies that report small positive net incomes at the annual level. The evidence was consistent with firms trying to increase reported annual earnings beyond zero by giving price discounts to boost sales temporarily and by overproduction and decrease in discretionary expenses. We also found that the real earnings management reduces the timely loss recognition.

This study aimed to evaluate the true valuation of normal accruals in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Furthermore, the role of institutional investors on the valuation of these accruals was investigated. It is expected that investors in the market are sometimes unable to interpret the right consistency and commit mistakes in accrual pricing. Therefore, data for 111 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period between 1382 to 1390, using the simultaneous equation system approach and Meshkin test (1983) were analyzed. The results showed that the total accruals and non- discretionary companies are not valued by investors, and market integrity is incapable of understanding the persistence of the item. The results showed that institutional shareholders have a significant effect on the valuation of institutional discrehonary accruals, but no significant effect on the valuation of normal accruals.

Accounting earnings and its components are considered in decision-making of capital market stakeholders. Researchers, in their study, have found the accrual component of earnings on investment decisions in the stock price and subsequent stock returns effective. But since discretionary accrual, control or influence the management and the issue of conflict of interest between ownership and management, it is possible that discretionary accruals are manipulated by managers. One of the effective ways to control discretionary accruals manipulation by management is the audit process. The purpose of this study was investigating the moderating effect of audit quality on the relationship between discretionary accruals and stock returns in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the metrics for evaluation of audit quality and auditor tenure was used. The results showed that the largeness of the audit firm has a bearing on the relationship between accruals and stock returns, leading to an increased association between accruals and stock returns. Audit quality and the auditor tenure criterion of the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange demonstrate no significant impact on the relationship between discretionary accruals and stock returns.

Competitiveness means sustainability or the ability to participate in the business market, protect the assets of the company, and get (back) or guarantee investment jobs of the future. The definition implies that competition can be an important influence on the company’s activities. Investment is an activity in the use of funds that generates a future revenue stream. A company investment decisions indicate its potential on investment and profitability. Competition increases investment among manufacturing firms. This study attempts to examine the impact of market competition on corporate investment decisions. It also addressed competition on some of the company's activities. To this end, data recruited from 82 manufacturing companies in Tehran Stock Exchange from 1386 to 1390 were analyzed using the regression model. In general, the results proved that confirmed this product market competition affects the investment decisions of manufacturing companies.

With regard to the critical role of banks in economics, bank corporate governance is an important matter. Recent scandals such as the case of Enron and the ensuing passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, recent financial crisis and recent Iranian banking scandal are the major incentives to research in bank corporate governance field. After describing special characteristics of banks, this paper investigates the link between three major corporate governance mechanisms (Ownership Structure, Board of Directors and Audit Quality) and Iranian bank performance. Our results of 78 firm years during 2006 to 2011 using pooled data regression with random effects method show that the corporate governance mechanisms as a whole impact bank performance. Significant shareholders have positive effect on bank performance. Also, segregation of chairman and CEO duties and audit quality are negatively associated with bank performance. However, our results show that there is no meaningfull relationship between size of the board and percent of non-executing managers with bank performance.

Disclosure quality points to the fluency of studying and interpretation of financial reporting. When the amount of disclosure information, timeliness and the accuracy of the disclosure information create the potential to distribute information, and stockholders believe the true value of the stocks after receiving information, disclosure information indicates more quality. Therefore, disclosure quality affects the value of stocks. So it is expected that an increase in disclosure quality results in an increase of earning data content and the reported earning is more effective on the behavior of the stockholders. Disclosure quality is one of the important tools to evaluate the reported information. If the information is presented in a timely manner and has enough reliability, disclosure quality improves. If disclosure quality improves, the presented information will be more valuable and the inside information and information asymmetry will decrease. Complete disclosure with transparency of financial reporting can make a certain situation improve the confidence of investors. Disclosure has a positive effect on the performance of stockholders and can save their benefits. Improving confidence of investors will decrease the expected return and will increase the value of the company. In order to investigate the relation between disclosure quality and information content of earnings, data from 76 firms which are listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were studied. The hypothesis was tested based on cross section and panel data. The research results based on the panel data confirm a positive relation between disclosure quality and informativeness of accounting earnings.