نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و یکم شماره 11 (پیاپی 118، بهمن 1395)

Zymosan-induced peritonitis model can use to study the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity and to study the effects of existing and novel anti-inflammatory drugs. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum Perforatum on acute peritonitis induced by Zymosan in NMRI mice.
Fifty male NMRI mice were randomly allocated in 10 equal gropes and treated with 0 ,100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of H. Perforatum and or 10mg/kg diclofenac 1 hours before the induction of peritonitis. To induce peritonitis, each mouse intraperitoneally received 10 µg of zymosan in 0.4 ml of saline. After 48 h, the peritoneal cavity was lavaged by 5 ml of cold PBS and the isolated cells were used to evaluate cell differential count, nitric oxide production and severity of respiratory burst. Statistical dada tests were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney and Bonferroni adjustment.
The data showed that the nitric oxide and respiratory burst which was produced from exudate cells by peritoneal lavage in mice that received H. Perforatum at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg or diclofenac compared to mice received normal saline were reduced. Total cell number in peritoneal cavity significantly decreased in all treatment group. However, no significant difference was observed between treatment groups with Hypericum perforatum extract. Using diclofenac or hydroalcoholic extract of H. Perforatum caused a significant decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6. Diclofenac caused more profound reduction in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1 compared to extract. Nevertheless, the level of IL-6 was indicated a significant decrease in mice with peritonitis received hydroalcoholic extract especially in dose 400 mg/kg compared to mice with peritonitis received diclofenac.
In total it seems that the hydroalcholic extract of H. Perforatum may be a suitable as natural source to control inflammation caused by acute peritonitis.

Herpes simplex virus is one of the most important human pathogenic viruses that may lead to oral herpes, keratoconjunctivitis and even encephalitis. A number of enzymes of the virus such as DNA polymerase can be targeted antiviral drugs. Acyclovir is used to treat infections of the virus, today due to drug resistance, need to do more research on finding new drugs, especially herbal medicines has increased. This study aimed to investigate the antiviral effect of methanol extract of Chelidonium majus compared with acyclovir against the virus in HeLa cell culture.
In this experimental study, the toxicity of Chelidonium majus L. methanol extract and acyclovir on HeLa cell was determined with both MTT and Trypan blue methods. The antiviral effect of Chelidonium majus L. extract and acyclovir was evaluated in different concentration (1800- 1700- 1600- 1500- 1400 and 500- 100- 75- 50- 30-10 µg/ml) and also in different times before, after and during of virus adsorption respectively. The virus titer was measured by tissue culture infectious dose 50 )TCID50( method. The T-test method was used to comparing the effects of both compounds on virus.
The maximum non-toxic concentration of Chelidonium majus L. extract on HeLa cell was determined 1600 µg/ml that has the maximum inhibitory effect on HSV-1 replication. Acyclovir was shown low toxicity on HeLa cells.The 30 µg/ml concentration of acyclovir was considered for the next steps of the study.The highest inhibitory effect of the extract was observed 1 hour after absorption and the virus replication was suppressed completely by the acyclovir immediately after virus adsorption up to 8 hours after infection.
The Chelidonium majus L. methanol extract has less effect than the acyclovir on inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication in a first few hours of infection. More research is needed to achieve effective compounds with antiviral activity of above extract due to increasing acyclovir resistant strains also its side effects.

Couple burnout is one of the phenomena which involve many couples, it is among the main causes of emotional divorce, and without proper management and treatment, and it can lay the ground for formal divorce among couples. Cognitive behavioral couple therapy is one of the existing approaches in the couple therapy field, the efficiency of which has been established for resolving many marital problems. The present study was designed by the aim of investigating the effect of group cognitive behavioral couple therapy on couple burnout and divorce tendency in couples.
The present research was of applied research type. The research method was semi-empirical with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research population included all the couples with marital conflict and problems who, after a recall announcement of the researcher, visited the counseling and psychological services center located in Gorgan city in 2014. By using the available sampling method, 20 couples were selected among the volunteer and qualified couples for the research, and they were assigned into experiment and control groups (10 couples per group) by random assignment. In the present research, the Pines burnout questionnaire (1996) and divorce tendency scale of Rouswelt, Johnson, and Mouro (1986) were used for gathering the data. After taking the pretest, the group cognitive behavioral couple therapy based on the couple therapy model of Baucom and colleagues (2008) was held in 10 2-hour weekly sessions for the experiment group couples, while the control group couples received no intervention. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics method and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) in SPSS v.20.
The multivariate covariance analysis results for couple burnout (F= 28.80) and divorce tendency (F= 51.25) suggested that there was a significant difference between the couples of experiment and control groups (P The research findings indicate that the cognitive behavioral couple therapy model can reduce marital problems, and using this couple therapy approach is recommended for working with the couples involved in marital problems with divorce demand.

Polycystic ovary PCOS is considered as the most common cause of infertility in women. Due to the side-effects of chemical drugs such as metformin, which is used to treat this disorder, the purpose of this paper was to study the effect of metformin with Ginseng root in this disease treatment.
In the present experimental study, 50 adult female rats were divided into 5 groups: control, sham PCOS (treated with letrozole) and three experimental groups receiving metformin (500mg/kg), ginseng extracts (500mg/kg) and metformin with Ginseng. All administrations were done as gavage for 28 days. Then, blood samples were taken to measure FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone hormones in animals, follicle ovaries were removed and the tissue sections were counted. The collected data were analyzed via ANOVA and Duncan tests.
The results indicated that letrozole caused a significant increase in the serum level of testosterone, LH, cystic follicles number and the animals’ weight but a significant decrease in estrogen, progesterone and ovarian follicles were seen in comparison with the control group (p≤0.001). But, in rats treated with letrozole, administration of metformin and Ginseng alone and together caused to prevent the effects of this drug on serum level of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, LH, and cystic-ovarian follicles. No significant difference between the effects of metformin and ginseng was observed.
By making PCOS Letrozole causes increase in weight gain, testosterone, LH and cystic follicles and a decrease in ovarian follicles and ginseng, but metformin and ginseng alone and together prevent the effects of this drug.

Multiple Sclerosis is a neurological disability disorders, which creates many physical and mental differences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on social competence and life expectancy of patients with multiple sclerosis.
The present study design was experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up and control group. Statistical population of this study consisted of all female patients admitted to the multiple sclerosis (MS) society of Kermanshah cityt to purpose of implement a screening test. At the begening a number of 220 people completed the Felner-social competence and Miler-life expectancy questionnaires. Among them the 30 persons through purposeful sampling that in the abnormal situation (on standard deviation lower group average) were selected. Then the selected 30 persons were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. In the experimental group the acceptance and commitment therapy were conducted for 8 sessions 90 minutes. After completing the session, post-test and three months after the intervention, follow-up was conducted on two groups. Analyzed of the data was done using spss19, descriptive test (mean and Standard deviation), and ANOVA with repeated measure.
Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that acceptance and commitment therapy based on increasing social competence and life expectancy of patients with multiple sclerosis had significant effect. Findings were also preserved in the follow-up phase.
According to the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on increase social competence and life expectancy suffering and its effects, application of this method at all levels of prevention and treatment of physical illness among multiple sclerosis seems necessary.

Consuming large amounts of histamine with food causes histamine poisoning in consumers. Little information about the content of histamine in food is available in the country. In the present study, the histamine content of some samples of food usually consumed in the human diet and which may contain histamine based on the literature, were measured.
The study was performed on 240 samples from 16 different types of food commonly used in the human diet. Histamine was extracted with 75 % ethanol- 0.4 N HCl in fresh and canned fish samples and with 0.1 N HCl in other samples. After passing the extracts through ion exchange chromatography column, the fluorescence derivative of histamine was generated by O-phthaldialdehyde and the amount of fluorescent light was measured at excitation wavelength of 350 nm and emission wavelength of 444 nm.
Spinach, fresh fish, canned fish and eggplant samples showed the highest histamine level with the mean levels of 5.04, 3.83, 2.77 and 2.64 mg/100g. All the tested samples of spinach, fresh fish, canned fish and eggplant contained histamine and 53.3, 20.0, 13.3 and 13.3 % of these samples contained more than 5.0 mg/100g histamine, respectively. Low levels of histamine were found in some samples of tomato, pickled cucumber, walnut, banana, orange, melon, cheese, kashk, yoghurt and doogh; and non-detectable levels of histamine were found in olive and tea samples.
This study confirmed the fact that, fish and seafood products have a high risk of histamine poisoning; and also showed that the risk of histamine poisoning in humans, due to the consumption of spinach and eggplant would not be less than fish and its products. Hence, awareness of the histamine content of the diet food is also important, in the sense that, it could be a warning for contraindication of those food together, especially in people sensitive to histamine poisoning.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and debilitating nervous system, leading to demyelination of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Regular exercise and general physical activity is important to maintain health and prevent disease, already well known. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of combined exercises (strength training, Strengthening Exercises, cardio respiratory endurance, a variety of static and dynamic balance exercises, exercises of the trunk (pilates training) and walking on the treadmill training with body weight support) on interferon gamma and Expanded Disability Status Scale women with multiple sclerosis.
In the present experimental rsearch, female patients who were admitted to the MS Society of Shahrekord, Iran, were divided into three groups based on physical disability scores. In the first group (physical disability scale less than 4.5), 44 people were randomly selected to one experimental group (22 patients) and control group (n = 22). In the second group (scale physical disability between 5 and 5.6), 26 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 13) and control group (n = 13). The third (Physical Disability Scale-up to 6.5), 26 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 13) and control group (n = 13). A total of 96 patients were participated in this study. Experimental groups of first, second and third were done its own intervention separately. While the control group received stretching exercises, workout schedule for the experimental group was of 12 weeks, three sessions of lasted one hour. Anthropometric factors and interferon-gamma were measured before and after training with the appropriate tools. Serum levels of INF-γ was determind using a commercial ELISA kit and EDSS scores were measured using the measure of disability in patients with MS. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA and paired t-test and dependent.
The results showed that no significant differences were seen in the INF-γ subjects with low disability before and after exercise in the intervention group (p=1.017), whereas, there was no significant difference in the control group (p=0.229). In comparison, no significant difference was observed between intervention and control groups in terms of INF-γ (09/0 = p). The results indicated that significant differences INF-γ subjects with low disability before and after exercise was observed in the intervention group (p=0.309
Although combinated exercise training did not change on serum levels of IFN, but it casued asignificant changes in EDSS of the patients with M.S at different levels Regarding these results, it can be suggested that rehabilitation specialists use of these exercises as a complementary treatment along with drug therapy for MS patients.

Ovarian pregnancy is an uncommon form of ectopic pregnancy which usually diagnosed so late. The aim of this study is to report a case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy
A 19 years old woman, with a history of polycystic ovary, first pregnancy, gestation age 9 weeks and 4 days, visited the doctor. She was complaining of severe abdomen pain and vaginal spotting and she was bedridden because of threatened miscarriage. She had discharged from hospital with progesterone suppository prescription. Requesting a transvaginal ultrasound and heterogeneous echogenic mass (size18×8/5) was shown near the left ovary. It was shown as ectopic pregnancy. The patient was hospitalized by ectopic pregnancy in ovary diagnosis and she was treated by methotrexate.
In pregnant women that complain of bleeding and spotting in early pregnancy, in addition to threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy should exist even in the absence of clinical symptoms, should be considered.