پژوهش نامه تاریخ
پیاپی 10 (بهار 1387)

The period of reigns of khowarizm which their wig in attribute, to myths and aperson named Afriy. Have remain unknown this reign formed in khowrizm region in northeast of transoxicna according to aburayhan Birunis writing in athor-al bayie the first khowarizm shahs kings were from afrigid dynasty that their precedent related to 305 A.D
These kinys, 22 person whom related their precedent to keykhosro from kianid dynasty also were known as ale Arag.
Beiny ex hasted from his brothers rebellion khawarizmshah inviteal kataiba – Ibn Muslim to conguer khowarizm from that time khowarizm was added to Islam world. after that victory, kalaiba- Ibn Muslim re instaled the post of khowarizms king as well as befor but he also pointed an arab amir who had a great power. Latter guawels between these two dynasty caused a divisiw in khowarizm region to two pouts included a region far khowarizmshahs by the capital of Kath and the other part by the capital of pyardjany for Arabs amirs.

Many political analysts believe that Iraqi Shiite people's revolutionaty movements emanates from Iran s Islamic revolution because the two countries have a long border and numerous common histrorical and cultural backgrounds in addition to their common religion which have made the people of the two nations very close to each other since there are holy shrines in both countries and there is a revolutionary motivation inspired from iran's Islamic Revolution among Iraqi Shiites which are considered to be the majority in that country. This revolutionary motivation continued to influence Shiites supported by Islamic revolution. On invasion of us to Iraq (second Persian Gulf war)and the collapse of the previous regime in Iraq, the nation and government of Islamic Republic of Iran have continued thair political, economical, diplomatic, scientific, medical and security supports until now.

The period of the Ilkhanids is the age of history compilations for which the researchers have mentioned many kinds of reasons. But, among various and so many works on historiography in this age, the works by Rashidoddin Fazfollah Hamadani, the very famous Wazir ( minister) of this time, due to his high and distinguished rank in the government and his political undertakings, his works enjoy of specific peculiarities.
As he had documents and proofs of the Mongols at his hand, he could therefore present accurate and true accounts on history and events of the time. His political and social opportunities in the courts of the Ilkhanids was the reason why he used his favorable tune about them and specially about the Muslim Alkhanan of Iran. Observing such problems along with the accuracy in recording the Historicalevents and some allusion to the cause and results of the affairs and the conditions in the relationship with time and place are considered as other works peculiarities of Rashidoddin Fazlollah. He states the gradual process of attracting Mongols into the Iranian and Islamic culture and civilization as well. And adds that they gradually became part of the long history of this land.
The original book by Rashidoddin Fazlollah, ie Jameattavarikh, to which his fame is related, is the first work eomeiled in the style nearly the same as present European history. Researchers usually make use of. On the other hand, Jameottavarikh is considered as the most important source of history recognition of this period. The author has also compiled a complete history of his contemporary asian and European nations, based upon above-mentioned nations documents and sources. In the present article effort is totry to survey Rashidoddin Fazlollah’s style and method of historiography along with a general look, specially to deal with the obvious peculiarities of his work that is jaesttavarikh in an up-to-date and modern way.

One of the special functioning rotes of the first pahlavi’s government as a modern absolute one was to ascertain the national the identity of people . But Reza Shah managed the social modern ascertainment in such a way that his other priorities suchas government appointment and his situation not to be in opposition . This project was carried on by means of a series of tools and methods. Of such instruments one con point out as the following : centrism through suppressing the autonomous forces (tribes and clans, and independence seeking provinces), country name changing, that is to say from Persia to Iran’, Arabic Turkish month name changing to Persian , and so changing lunar year to solarone, intellect training organization , high council of culture and radio, and mass media . education, four preparations , modern Justice system, and propagandizing was use of the methods, as well, which were , from his point of view, necessary in getting to modern Iran.
In fact, in governing the country, he interfered the subjects’ lives and so he carried on his project of socializing the people , and resolved it as one of necessary materials of the modern government

Following England and Netherland Ottoman Empire was the third international power which opened its political agency in BoushehrPort entitled "Shahbandari" in 1871 AD/1288 AH. This verifies the exceptional significance of BoushehrPort and Persian Gulf waterway in regional and international relations throughout the second half of the 19th and the beginning of 20th centuries.
The Ottomans established their political agency for some reasons: firstly, BoushehrPort which was close to the strategic Persian Gulf waterway had a significant role from ancient times in international politics and business also in transiting goods to hinterland India and the ArabiaPeninsula. Secondly, the English as the most important international rival of the Ottomans had peculiar influence on South of Iran, Boushehr, and Persian Gulf. The presence of the Ottomans would az a rule limit the activities of the old rival. Thirdly, the anti-English feeling of the people in the southern Iran, especially in Boushehr was so high that Ottomans, united with Germany, could practically benefit from this feeling of people against England on the threshold of First World War.
This article tries to study the afore-mentioned issues on the basis of first-hand documents and records, some of which being still unpublished.

The first encounter of Arab Muslems with the sassanid Army was during Zighar event which led to the Iranian defeat. This event was a prelude to the wars of Ghadassiya, jelula, Nehavanal and the last defeat of the sassanid Emperor and their entrance into different parts of Iran.
With the defeat of the sassanids and after the flee of Yazdgird thzaugh Kerman to Khorasan. Muslims pursued him and to complete the conquest of Iran, they conquered Kerman in the time of Omar and Ossaman . atfirst, in the time of Omar, 23 After Higrat, this area was defeated by Abdollah Atban and Soheil ibnady .and then in the time of osseman (31.AH), Mayushe’ ibn massoud salmi was ordered by Abdollah ibn Amer to conquer it for the second time. After Arabs entered Kerman, and after their power was stable in Kerman, the influence region and the other ceremonies of the Zoroastrians in Kerman reduced. In this way the Zoroastrians became alliged to pay tributes to Muslims.
In the time of Ali (pu)s Caliphate, Ziyad ibn Abih was appointed governor of Kerman by him.

Khajeh Rashidedin Fazlollah Hamedani(645-718 AH, 1246-1318 AD) was the physician, historian, minister and celebrated politician of great Ilkhani Kings like Ghazan Khan and Uljayto. Undoubtedly, he has played a great role in influencing the late Ilkahni Kings concerning the administration of a series of reformations, specifically in economy, rural and urban developments and the stabilization of tax system. So it seems necessary to study Khajeh Rashid’s social activities both comprehensively and analytically. This study attempts to analyze his economic thoughts implemented in Ghazan Khan’s reign. The following items will seem specific attention:Restoring the dilapidated irrigation network in order to boost agriculture and gardening
Renovating the desert lands and supporting the farmers and villagers through the stabilization of tax on their lands (tribute) and the other taxes paid to treasury.
Recognition of their land ownership and the return of the farmers who had deserted their lands.

Shah Abbas 1, in addition to his political aim which was to inflict a blow on the Ottman government, and following his commercial and economical aims, as well, coued migrations of Armenians from north. Eastern borders inside the country It was because of beliving , from the point of view of shah abbas . That thair presence in commercial relations with Europe, especially in silk trade would have been highly necessaries and that he aimed to make wre of their experiences in developing and imposing the relations between Iran and Europe.
To attract the Armenians, he acted as a religious moderate, and in Iranian communities they were given civit liberties and thus without any maligious fanaticism, he could make use of their abilities in developing commercial economy of Iran.
In this research we tried to survey the relations between shah Abbas 1 and the Armenians in Iran and to show the effects of this relationship in Iranian communities in the age of the safavids.