نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال هجدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 70، تابستان 1396)

National identity is a central issue and the ways of creating unity and harmony, social and solidarity cohesion and continuity in the processes of belonging and identification are the most important concerns of policy makers. Identifying the principles of identity and solidarity mechanisms, methods of creating a sense of belonging, commitment and loyalty to the community, the continuity and removing barriers to achieving and sustaining it is inevitable. Institute of National Studies, with a history of several decades and the continuous presence of scientific in issues related to identity and national identity, decided to do a survey at the national level for helping the planners and decision-makers in the field of cultural diversity policy making. According to this, the study entitled "Assessment of Iranian collective identity" with a sample of 15,034 people aged 18 to 65 in the country (31 provinces) was conducted in January and February 2015. One of the variables of this assessment was "religiosity", in four dimensions: cognitive, ideological, emotional and ritual. This paper describes the results of assessment of religiosity in Iranian collective identity. The research questions are: How is the quality of religiosity variable among citizens of Iran? And which one of dimensions of religiosity variable is preferable and more prominence among citizens of Iran? The results show that religion and religious trends are high in Iran’s society and among the four dimensions of religiosity, respectively; cognitive, ideological, emotional and ritual aspects have the priority and importance.

This study aims to explain the concept of excellence and assessment of its position in Iran’s Education Fundamental Reform Document For use in the curriculum. The research method is Mixed (document analysis, content analysis and semi-structured interview). The population of the study consisted of three parts: Islamic texts associated with excellence, Iran’s Education Fundamental Reform Document and curriculum and Islamic philosophy of education specialists. Based on the nature of this study Purposive sampling has been used. Measuring instruments Taking notes form, content analysis checklist and interview questions. Data analysis of documents and interviews with qualitative method and data content analysis using quantitative indicators In the process of Shannon entropy analysis software Version 2015 have been examined. The major findings of this research are as follow: 1. The conceptual framework of excellence can be categorized into 5 dimensions and 59 components. 2. On the whole, Excellence components have been referred to 410 times, with the high frequency of 104 time and 25.4 percent in the "operational gols and solution" section and the low frequency 9 time and 2.2 percent in the "mission statement". 3. Among these dimensions, "Political dimension" with the information load rate of 0.911 and the importance coefficient of 0.284 received the most attention, whereas "social dimension" was paid the least attention with the information load rate of 0.701 and the importance coefficient of 0.219. 4. According to specialistsThe main fields of The application of dimensions and components of excellence in curriculum can be categorized into four aspects (purposes, content, teaching learning methods and evaluation) and 47 components mentioned in this article, be provided.

The art of Sacred Defense, as one of the most important arts in social, historical and political context of Iran, has tried to represent the values and norms of war. In this regard, cinema as "The Top Modern Art" is deeply connected with its social context compared to other arts. Due to the important, role of Sacred Defense and the cinema attributed to it and also applying semiotic analysis on the film "Flying at Night and Eagle", in this study we will try to decode the representation of concepts of sacrifice, martyrdom, values and ideas of Sacred Defense and cultural policies governing the country implicitly and productions of cinema in the 80s. The results indicated that while war films represent courage, strength, patriotism and represent conflict and confrontation with enemy forces, but in Sacred Defense genres, proximity of the representation of war with religious-spiritual signs formed sacred myth of war which is known as Sacred Defense.

Identity is a mechanism which manifests more in from of awareness and creates a kind of integrity and alliance in a society. National identity consists of a complex of positive tendencies towards identifying and integrating elements and patterns in a country, as one political unit. The purpose of this research was to show factors of Iranian and Islamic identity factors in Ayatollah Khamenei’s ideology, to investigate the relation between these factors in his point of view and to investigate the impact of these factors on the integrity of ethnic groups, national ability and modern Islamic civilization.The Results show that the Islamic identity of the constituent components in his ideas include a belief, Islamic values, Islamic feasts and ceremonies and rituals of Islamic and Iranian identity elements include the Persian language, country, date, celebration, cover and Iranian architecture. Beyond that, these components are combined together and mix and match and he considers all these factors influential in creating integrity and unity between ethnic groups, national ability and developing a modern Islamic civilization.

ISIS as a Salafist-takfiri Group emphasis on authenticity and introduce themselve as in-group and at the same time introducing a range of opponents as out-group and its members tries to define a new social identity. Hypothesis is that ISIS by providing a collective identity based on the teachings of Salafi Muslims with the slogan restore pride and self-esteem and well-defined identities has been able to attract a wide range of Followers and new muslims. The Foundations of this Identity is based on the clain of Preserving Islamic Values and Self-esteem of the Muslims and Providing Stability Stability and Certainty. This article seeks to answer these questions: What Criteria are Considered when ISIS is defining itself? What are out-groups of ISIS? What are the main factors of Charming Social Identity is Defined by ISIS to its members? ISIS continually focus on creating space and bipolar own identity and others. Using this atmosphere of polarization and double standards, their identity pure and superior identity and identity against the evil and thereby to justify their acts of violence are explored.

Epic literature, plays an important role in moral education of society. Shahnameh as a national epic has a great role in cultivating moral virtues among Iranians. One of the virtues, is patriotism. According to this research, Manifestations of the virtue of patriotism in Shahnameh is divided into three aspects as follows: The preference of the homeland on personal relationships, Poetic descriptions of Iran to promote patriotism and Sacrifice for the homeland. To explain them,The Aristotle's theory of moral virtue: The triple (knowledge, emotion and will) was used as the philosophic and theoretical framework. For each of the above, enough evidence from the Shahnameh were mentioned. The result is that the concept of patriotism is presented in all three aspects. With awareness, motivation, and practical displays of patriotism, Ferdowsi has provided promotion and fostering the virtue of patriotism as a moral act and his work in this regard has an educational and philosophic basis. The research method in this study is qualitative content analysis.

Nowadays that mass of various information passes through different information gates, the first formal educational community for children is schools and textbooks. Therefore, educating children to undustanding the identity and maintaining, and promoting the national identity should be considered important because they are the future of the country's capital. This study was conducted to investigate the components of national identity in "To Read Persian" textbooks of elementary schools with emphasis on the culture and cultural heritage. The research method is descriptive and analytical and data gathering tool was built in the documentary method and checklist in the content analysis. The population of this research was text of "To Read Persian" books of first grade elementary school (first to third grade) in educational year of 2014-2015. Data of study were analyzed descriptive statistics. The result of investigation shows that the degree of attention that is paid in persian articles to national identity is not the same in the three studied grades and the biggest number is related to the first grade of primary school.Although in "to read persian" books of the third grade, students can read and write better and underestanding in them is stronger than the first grade, they underestand less about national identity. Also the result of this research in studying culture and cultural heritage in the mentioned books shows that knowing the culture and the way of islamic living is more considered, however, the field of knowing cultural heritage and the ownership sense of signs and national symbols are less attentioned.

In Pahlavi era, the society was interested in modernism revolutions being happened in West in one hand and on the other hand the government was interested in nationalism waves and the people also did not want to leave their traditions. How did the foreign architects have effect on the identity of the contemporary architecture of Iran, is the main question of this research. In this paper, first we will have review of modernity, national identity and modernity and their effects on identity crisis and the effect of Pahlavi architecture and the invited architects. As Nikolai Markov had lots of projects in this era and could manage the tradition, modernity and nationalism, as a foreigner architect, his projects have been selected as the case study of this research. This research is a qualified research and its conclusion has a comparative style and the aim of the research is the survey of effects of foreign architects on identity of contemporary architecture of Iran. The conclusions shows that, Nikolai, with paying attention to background and bases of society and studying needs, intends and necessarily of the society toward modernity could supply all needs of architecture during that era that contains identity, modernity, tradition and nationalism and have effect on national identity and transition of tradition to modernity in architecture during first Pahlavi era.