مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال نوزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 115، فروردین 1396)

One of the sustainable development goals is universal access to reproductive services by 2030. Reproductive disorders is an important neglected component in reproductive health. Some factors, like type of nutrition effects on fertility. The aim of this study is to determine role of nutrition in female and male fertility.
This study is a narrative review article. Search was conducted by using relevant keywords such as: infertility, fertility, nutrition and diet. Results were limited to 39 articles published in Iranian and international journals in SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier databases, in the period 2011-2016. Also nutrition guidelines for infertile couples in scientific nutritional and university sites was used.
FINDINGS: The results showed that unsaturated fatty acids, fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy, for improving women's reproductive recommended. Factors that reduce male fertility include: high consumption of red and processed meats, high intake of saturated fat, low intake of unsaturated fats, antioxidants, fruits and vegetables.
Following a balanced diet is one of promising and valuable interventions in maintaining reproductive health. However, Identification of a suitable fertility diet is "Important achievement" in the management of fertility

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorders in diabetic patients. This study was performed for evaluating the prevalence of depression in Iranian diabetic patients with meta-analysis method.
This review study was conducted according to PRISMA checklist for systematic review and meta-analysis studies. Two independent researchers with using Mesh keywords for archive literature was conducted a comprehensive search on the national and international databases including Magiran, IranMedex, SID, Medlib, IranDoc, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, Springer, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Google Scholar search engine without any time limit to March 2016. I2 index and Cochran test was used to assess heterogeneity of studies. The data were combined using Random Effects Model by Stata software (ver.11.1).
Forty-one studies involving 9.491 diabetic patients were collected in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of depression among Iranian diabetic patients was estimated 61% (95% CI [Confidence Interval]: 55-67). This rate in males and females diabetic was 49.7% (95% CI: 33.9-65.5) and 65.6% (95% CI: 51.8-79.5), respectively. The minimum and maximum depression prevalence was obtained in West (55%) and East (66%) regions of Iran, respectively. 25.8%, 20.5%, 13.8% and 3.6% respectively indicate mild, moderate and severe and very severe depression.
The prevalence of depression in diabetic patients in Iran is high. So the routine psychology counseling is necessary to diagnose and treatment of the depression in these patients

Infection with hepatitis B virus is a major cause of chronic liver diseases and variations within cytokine genes may affect the host immune response to hepatitis B infection. This study was designed to investigate whether IL-20 rs1400986 C/T single nucleotide polymorphism is involved in the progression of chronic hepatitis B infection.
In this case-control study a total of 150 chronic hepatitis B patients (Anti-HBc Ab positive and HBsAg positive for more than 6 months) and 146 healthy subjects (Anti-HBc Ab and HBsAg negative) among people who were referred to Tehran Taleghani hospital during 2003 to 2005, were examined for differences in genotype and allele frequencies in this case-control study. Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was applied for analyzing the polymorphism site.
FINDINGS: Genotypes Frequency in patients group were CC 32.0% and TT 4.0% in comparison to CT 28.1% and TT 2.7% in control group; however no statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of IL-20 gene polymorphism (rs1400986) between chronically infected patients and healthy controls for neither allele (P=0.549) nor genotype (p=0.599) frequencies.
No association was detected between rs1400986 single nucleotide polymorphism within IL-20 gene and chronic hepatitis B infection; thus, this polymorphism appears to have no influence on susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B.

One of the most reasons for composite restoration replacement is their color change. Bleaching can effect of color of composite restorations’ color. The aim of this study was evaluation the effect of 40% hydrogen peroxide on the color of 3 different composites
In this in vitro study, 30 disk-shaped samples of Z250, Z350XT, and Heliomolar composites (10 mm diameter and mm thickness) were prepared in A3 shade (n=10). Then samples were kept in distilled water for 24 hours. After that samples were exposed to 40% hydrogen peroxide (Opalescence Boost PF) for 40 minutes .the color of samples was measured immediately after preparing, after 24h and after bleaching and ∆E was recorded. The ∆E above 3.3 was considered clinically significant.
FINDINGS: The amount of color change in Z250, Z350 XT and Heliomolar were (DE=2.72), (DE=3.08) and (DE=2.40) the amount of ∆E were lower than 3.3. there were no significant diferences between composites according to effect of 40% hydrogen peroxide on their color change (p=0.15). after completion of polymerization the amount of ∆E was (2.28±0.29), (2.62±0.23) and (2.27±0.12) which were lower than 3.3. there were no significant differences between color change of different composites after 24 hours.(p=0.4).
40% hydrogen peroxide has no effect on the color change of compsites which were evaluated in this study. Completion of polymerization does not make significant change in color of these composites.

The expression of most genes that produce Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors is controlled and regulated by a gene system called quorum sensing (QS) system. Quorum sensing is a cell to cell communication system through small signaling molecules in single-celled organisms. This study aims to investigate the frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasB, rhlR, rhlI, lasR, lasI, apr and rhlAB genes isolated from clinical samples using multiplex-PCR method and determining the antibiotic resistance profile.
In this cross-sectional study, 60 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from patients admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran. The antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, cefepime, ticarcillin and piperacillin was determined using disk diffusion method. After culturing and final confirmation using biochemical and specific tests, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Multiplex PCR) was performed to track the intended genes.
FINDINGS: In this study, highest susceptibility was observed to be against ciprofloxacin (81.66%) and ceftazidime (65%). Multiplex PCR demonstrated that the frequency of rhlR, lasR and lasI genes was 5%, 48.3% and 60%, respectively, while rhlI, lasB, apr and rhlAB genes could not be identified in any of the strains.
Resistance to antibiotics is increasing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which requires continuous monitoring. QS System plays a key role in pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Identification of these genes enables us to track and identify this bacterium quickly.

Cataract is a kind of eye disease that starts with blurriness of eye lens and the vision is disrupted as the opacity and cloudiness of the lens increases. Iranian people knew cataract as "Nozoul-al-ma" (water fall) and they believed that this disease was an effect of the moisture that accumulates between lens and cornea. Currently, surgery is the only way to restore vision in people with cataract. However, effective medical therapy can reduce the costs and risks of surgery. The purpose of this study is to find the effective medicinal plants in cataract treatment.
This review article based on library research methods was conducted in three steps (keyword determination, analysis of resources, scoring and arrangement) by investigating Persian medicine references. In this study, seven books from 4-13th century AH were studied. The results were scored from 1 to 3 based on implicit or undecided statement, single citation, direct statement and emphatic effect statement.
FINDINGS: 36 medicinal plants were found and 11 plants (Ferula assafoetida, Ferula Persica, Foeniculum Vulgare, Cyclamen europaeum, Allium cepa, Euphorbia resinifera, Isatis tinctoria, Zataria multiflora , Olea europaea, Caesalpinia bonduc, Commiphora opobalsamum) obtained the highest scores.
The plants that obtained the highest scores were probably the most prominent drugs for the treatment of cataract in 4-13th century AH. Frequent use of these drugs in recent centuries may indicate their appropriate effect on cataract. However, more clinical researches are required to confirm that.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death in human societies. The epidemiological research and cancer control policy in developed countries is dependent on the record of various types of cancer and of mortality information on cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of mortality from cancer in Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital of Babol.
This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients who died of cancer in Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital during 5 years. The available information in medical records was collected using researcher-made form (containing demographic characteristics and cause of death).
FINDINGS: The most of died patients were over 60 years (49.21%). Gastrointestinal (38.17%) and blood and lymph cancers (31.54%) had higher prevalence than other cancers. Frequency of mortality was different in studied gender and age group.
The incidence of cancer mortality has a growing trend. Since the gastrointestinal cancer has been reported as the main cause of death, routinely identifying the factors related to the prevention of cancer in people at risk and screening tests for early detection of gastrointestinal cancers are necessary