مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 14 (بهار 1396)

Introduction Since diabetes damages some organs such as kidney, eye, and nerve paralysis of the body in addition result in increases in the depression and mental disorder. Because of the high prevalence of diabetes and rare studies about the relationship between Blood Pressure (BP) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) with happiness, this study was conducted.
Materials and Methods It was a descriptive (case control) study, which surveyed diabetes type II and non-diabetics refer to south of Tehran diabetes screening center. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient, by using SPSS v. 22 software.
Results Mean of happiness was 113.83±20.17 and 117.13±17.05 in the non-diabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. The relationship between happiness and health, absence of debate (P=0.012) and systolic blood pressure in the non-diabetic group (P=0.006) was significant. Fasting Blood Sugar and happiness had a significant relationship with happiness between the non-diabetic (P=0.05) and diabetic groups (P=0.04). The happiness and age in our experiment had a reverse significant correlation (P=0.028 r=-0.142). But, happiness with Body Mass Index, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol was not significantly correlated.
Conclusion Happiness with systolic blood pressure in people without diabetes and fasting plasma glucose in the case and control groups was statistically correlated and the control of these two biochemical parameters plays an important role in prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease in healthy people. Therefore, happiness as a life style for health promotion could be placed in the national health programs.

Introduction Mother to child transmission is one of the most common modes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The risk of transmission will be as high as 90% if a seroactivity for HBeAg find in the mother. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV serological markers in pregnant women referred to the Medical Diagnostic Laboratory of ACECR in Neyshabur, northeast of Iran.
Materials and Methods From June 2014 to February 2015, the all pregnant women who referred for evaluation of HBV infection (n=1283) were enrolled. The serum samples were evaluated for HBsAg by ELISA test and further analyzed to detect other markers of the infection, including HBeAg, HBeAb, total HBcAb, and IgM HBcAb.
Results HBsAg found in 1.09% (14/1283) of the participants. The total HBcAb test was positive in all cases; however, the IgM anti-HBc was positive in only two (14.3%) cases. Seropositivity for HBeAg and HBeAb were reported in 2 (14.3%) and 9 (64.28%) participants, respectively.
Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection in pregnant women in Neyshabur was lower than that in general population of Mashhad, capital city of Razavi Khorasan province, and general population of the whole of the country.

Introduction Increased insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress parameters are associated with the development of diabetes complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ferula assa-foetida and Avicennia marina aqueous extracts on the activity of antioxidant enzymes of brain cells in diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 54 male rats were randomly divided into the equal groups of control, diabetic control and experimental diabetic 1 and 2. Experimental diabetic and diabetic control groups became diabetes by an intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg alloxan. The experimental diabetic groups received the aqueous extract of Ferula assa-foetida (100 and 200 mg/kg, ip) and Avicennia marina (100 and 200 mg/kg, ip) in alternate days for one month. Sterile distilled water was injected to the control and diabetic control groups. On 1st, 15th and 30th day after induction of experimental diabetes, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione s-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured in the brian cells. Data analyzed by two way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test.
Results Injection of Ferula assa-foetida 200 mg/kg, ip) and Avicennia marina extracts 200 mg/kg, ip) to the diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in the MDA levels and significant increases in the level of SOD, GST, CAT enzymes in brian cells (PConclusion The results of this study confirms the dose-dependent antioxidant role of Ferula assa-foetida and Avicennia marina extracts on improving the oxidative stress in the brain cells of diabetic rats.

Introduction The current study aims to investigate the effects of Time Education Plan (marriage enrichment) on the augmentation rate of women’s marital satisfaction.
Materials and Methods The current study is a quasi-experimental one of the posttest and pretest type with the control group. In this regard, 30 married women paid a visit to counseling centers in zones 1, 8, 11 located in Mashhad, Iran in December 2015; they were selected by the convenience sampling with respect to couples’ acceptance factor for the enrichment-training plan. Moreover, they were categorized into experimental and control groups based on random sampling. Thanks to marital satisfaction enrichment questionnaire, data were collected for the control and experimental groups to evaluate couples’ marital satisfaction. Based on the objective plan, the experimental group received time plan education for every 2 hours in 10 sessions, while no interference was made to the control group. At the end of the education course, the same questionnaire process was conducted under the posttest phase. The obtained results were subjected again to statistical evaluation. Data analysis was carried out through independent T test and ANCOVA covariance.
Results With respect to age control and educational tests, independent T test results indicate the meaningful efficacy of Time Plan on the augmentation rate of women’s marital satisfaction who are placed in the experiment group as compared to the control group (P>0.0001 & t=8.53).
Conclusion Our findings indicate the significance and effect of Time Education Plan (marriage enrichment) on the augmentation rate of women’s marital satisfaction.

Introduction Poor nutrition is the underlying cause of many diseases in the elderly and imposes enormous costs to the governments. Education of proper nutrition has an important role in health promotion of elderly persons. This study is conducted to assess the effect of education based on the BASNEF model on promotion of healthy nutritional behaviors in elderly, Sanandaj.
Materials and Methods This was a quasi-experimental study that conducted on 110 elderly people in health centers, Sanandaj. Data collected through a researcher-made questionnaire consisted of two parts: the basic and demographic questions and questions related to the BASNEF model. After selecting two groups of Intervention and control randomly, questionnaires were completed and required data received. Then, intervention was administered to the control group. The control group received no intervention. 6 weeks after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed by two groups. Finally, information received from the two groups was compared before and 6 weeks after the intervention. The data obtained was analyzed by SPSS16. The results in less than 0.05 were considered as significant results.
Results Based on the findings of this study, after the intervention, the mean score of knowledge, behavioral beliefs, attitude toward the behavior, and subjective norms significantly increased in the intervention groups compared to the control, however, mean score of normative Beliefs, enabling factors and intention in the intervention groups was not significantly than the control group.
Conclusion The results of this study showed that nutritional education based on the BASNEF model can be effective on promote healthy nutritional behaviors in elderly.

Introduction Arcuate nucleus (ARC) is an aggregation of neurons in the basal hypothalamus, is thought to play a pivotal role in the integration of signals regulating food intake. Given the important role of hypothalamus in regulating of food intake, the aim of this review study was discussion on the mediating role of the ARC in feeding behaviour.
Materials and Methods In 2016, in this study by searching related articles published in valid scientific databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier, Springer, Science Direct, and SID with standard keywords and reference. Lists of identified articles were reviewed for the additional articles during 1998 to 2016.
Results These studies reported that the arcuate nucleus includes several populations of neurons that contain neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, GABA, and αMSH. These neurons, in the most ventromedial part of the nucleus, project strongly to the other nuclei of hypothalamus, and are important in the regulation of feeding behaviour and increasing or decreasing of food intake. The ARC is available to peripheral signals of energy balance, via median eminence, because this part of the brain is not protected completely by the blood brain barrier.
Conclusion Based on the literature, the ARC is the part of brain where some neurotransmitters exert the most potent orexigenic or anorexigenic effects in mammals and birds. Food intake is inhibited by leptin, insulin, αMSH, and serotonin and activated by NP Y, Agrp, NO F/Q, and GABA. However, a few neurotransmitter such as ghrelin has a dual function, ghrelin stimulates feeding in mammals, although it attenuates food intake in birds.

Introduction One of the most common complaints of pregnant women which is experienced by about 50 to 90 percent of them is vomiting and nausea while. Fetus’s gender is one of triggers of this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between these factors.
Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 on 300 pregnant women in the first trimester who referred to department of obstetrics of Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Tonekabon. Convenience sampling method was used. The data were collected through an author-made questionnaire containing demographic information of mother. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and the SPSS v.16 software.
Results It is notable that out of 300 pregnant women referring to Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Tonekabon, faced with pregnancy nausea and vomiting which was observed in almost half of pregnant women (45.7%). There was significant statistical relationship between variable of pregnancy nausea and vomiting and fetus gender (P=0.001). That is, frequency of pregnancy nausea and vomiting was more in pregnant others with female fetus (55.40%) compared to pregnant mothers with male fetus (36.18%). There was no statistical significant relationship between fetus gender and frequency of pregnancy nausea and vomiting (P=0.571), number of pregnancy (P=0.310) and mother age (P=0.194).
Conclusion Pregnancy nausea and vomiting was observed in almost half of pregnant women. Thus, in case of pregnancy nausea and vomiting, early diagnosis during prenatal care and effective treatment can reduce its consequences on the health and quality of women’s life.

Introduction Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for high blood pressure. The attributable fraction of a Population answers the question of how much of the disease burden in a certain population may be reduced by removing the abdominal obesity. This study is to determine the attributable fraction of population in hypertension associated with abdominal obesity in men of Fars province in 2009.
Materials and Methods In this epidemiological study, the data of, non-communicable disease surveillance system that has been achieved in 2009 and measure of association between obesity and hypertension (Odds Ratio) was extracted from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. After standardizing the data, the population attributable risk for men of the Fars province based on the above formula has been calculated.
Results In the Fars province based on the attributable fraction of population results in blood pressure caused by abdominal obesity, the males were the highest rate 11.01% and aged 55-65 years with 4.1% of the attributable fraction, were the highest.
Conclusion Given the high prevalence of hypertension and abdominal obesity in men of the Fars province and the impact of abdominal obesity on blood pressure it is necessary to prevent the spread of the disease in the men Fars take effective measures.