نشریه اقتصاد مالی
پیاپی 8 (پاییز 1388)

The aim of this study isto estimate of demand for higher education of Islamic Azad University, Abhar branch, according to demographic, economic, social, and psychological factors. The sample of research included 972students that enrolled in 87-88academic year. Subjects were asked to complete demographic, social and economic information form, achievement motivation questionnaire, and social acceptance questionnaire. Results of Binary Logistic Regression and Multinomial Logistic Regressionrevealed that house status, interest, marriage status, achievement motivation, age, tuition, education cost, and student/family income affect the demand of majors. Also, interest, coming job, parent’s job, marriage status, achievement motivation, age, tuition and education cost were significant.

Underground Economy (UE) has grown in most countries during the last decades. Although this is not a new phenomenon in economics and could be seen in any economic system, but its size and determinants varies from country to country. It is important to have an idea about it and access to some information about UE to make policies for reducing tax invasion, promoting economic growth and improving income distribution. Macroeconomic indictors in Iran , such as unemployment rate, the gap between income tax and tax capacity, the gap between income and expenditures of household in household surveys and income distribution indexes show that the national accountsare not completely qualified for showing all the economics facts and it is partly due to UE in Iran. In this article we estimate the size of UE in Iran during the 1793-2005periods by using currency demand approach. The results show that average UE size in that period is about 20percent of GDP.

Nowadays Information and Communication Technology has been a major issue in economic, social and cultural development in different countries. Advent of Internet and its application in recent years have changed traditional means of trade.Introducing the new technology, Internet, in economies have been developed a modern trade mode: Electronic Business (E-commerce or EC). EC made a revolution in traditional means of trade and caused enormous saving in time and costs. In an electronic environment local and time related distances lose meaning and trade is done on electronic information basis.EC as a presentation of communication and information technology revolution in economic realm, is tended to progress and we can expect to witness a evolution in framework of trade and retail sale operations as a whole.In international trade on of the areas we can see cross-country relations, is the flow of export and import of goods and services which EC could have been pave the ways of world trade and made it prosperous. Here we have examined effects of EB on non-oil exports in two groups of countries. The first group includes US, Canada, France, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Denmark and India. The second one encompasses Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Spain, Italy, Greece and Poland.The study has reviewed period 0222-0222and resulted in a significant positive effect of internet as an index of EC on non-oil exports in each group of countries.

The base article show the market in allocating resources is water. Studies on the functions of the water market in the world and Iran is said to be: Water markets where excess demand for water there is, generally, are formed. Water resources of the national markets have water. Separation of water from land ownership is a requirement of water markets. The third law of economic development - the social state (rule 106) and rule 17 of the Fourth Development and implementation documentation And rule 142 of the fifth development plan emphasizes the need to strengthen local markets and facilitate transactions by. Moreover, according to encourage investment in water projects in the license agreement to sell water to the price the investor is given. n order to increase water use efficiency, increase farmers income, reduce risk, income farmers, Increased private investment in the water industry, increase public participation in water resource management and reduce costs in administration and management of water resources Deserves the attention of policy makers and industry to promote water markets, water and agriculture.

In this study, factors affecting total factor productivity in the economyof Iran with emphasis on economic components of social capital studied. The economic component of social capital in this study have been studied include the gap between saving and investmentas a substitute diversion of financial resources, government size, degree of openness of economy and inflation rate. in addition to the effect of above component, the impact of average years of education employees as a proxy of human capital on total factor productivity also has been studied. Model estimation results using time series data from the years 1353-16to Auto regressive distributed lag indicate in long run human capital and the degree of openness of economy have positive and significant effects on total factor productivity ,but diversion of financial resources, government size and inflation rate have negative and significant effects on total factor productivity. The course was seen in spite of increased human capital and technology, productivity has declined in longrun because in this period social capital reduced.

Because of the ancient history and various nature species, Asia continent have attracted many tourists from all over the word. Various negative reasons such as civil and foreign wars, terrorism, ethnic and tribal prejudice, etc have been effective on few tourists in this region. In spite of oil and petroleum resources, and high incomes in these countries, there isn’t any serious focus on tourism. The present study investigates effective factors on tourism inMiddle, South and West Asia. Also, it analyzes these factors with focus on revolutions and recent world circumstance. Moreover, the effect of nature attractions such as species’ extinction (e.g. plants, birds, mammalians, and fishes) is discussed in order to tourist attraction. So, Panel Data is used for time period form 3227to 4112. The results show that some factors (such as Insecurity) have negative effect and others positive (such as ecotourism) on the number of tourists.