فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 25، زمستان 1395)

Khalasi creek, Jageen and Queeck in Hormozgan province have great potential for ecotourism development. In this research, in cooperation with eight experts in Delphi method, important criteria such as climate, water resources, vegetation, human settlements distance, cultural monuments, the protection value of plant and animal species, wildlife breeding areas, infrastructural facilities were screened among 19 criteria. Prioritize areas for ecotourism development was performed by using the TOPSIS model. Based on the results of TOPSIS model, Khalasi creek region, Queeck region and Jageen region with order priority of the first, second and third were rated for ecotourism development in the city of Jask.

In the history, coasts were the most attractive area for human life, such that in the end of year 2000, two third of the word’s people (3.7 billion people) lived in the 60 km margin of sea. Growing the world’s population and its focus on coastal zone, increasing the amounts of contamination, user’s conflicts of interests, and using natural resources are five factors that have changed human’s attitude towards coats and the problems in the world. Social needs in using coastal zone and its resources are often more than ecological capacity for responding all these needs. Hence, in order to prevent damages to coasts and valuable resources and protection of these resources for the next generations, a coordinated and integrated management method should be applied in coastal zone. Organization of coasts and applying integrated management in coastal zone now is a global necessity. Islamic republic of Iran has a special position in the area and world because of neighboring to Persian Gulf, strait of Hurmuz, Oman Sea and Caspian Sea. Serious demands of central Asian countries to south coasts of Iran for communicating with free waters of world and undeveloped coastal zone need special attention to these zones. In this research after investigating the role of integrated coastal zone management(ICZM) in developing these areas, we study the effect of coastal zone development on enhancing sea force and enhancement of national safety in Islamic republic of Iran.

Urban growth and increasing of urbanist population in twienth century,has influenced justly urbanism quality and also contributed the life satisfaction.additionally, urbanism quality,economic and social area and enviromental index are affected too. In Regard to, aim of this research is study life quality status according to enviromental index from worn out and new texture of SEMNAN inhabitants perspective which had done thraugh filling field study questionnaires. extracted data from this questionnares are measured by SPSS software and also statiscal method including:one- sample T test,hierarchy muliple regression and Spearman analized correlation and it’s reliability measured by Cronbach’s alpha. findings of this research showed that enviromental and residential units index have good quality respectively,then identity and social relations have average quality and index of public places status, access to services, public transportation and esprit of local places have lowest qualiy,respectively.also findings of this study showed that, from SEMNAN citizen’s point of view the index of esprit in local places, identity and social relation,residential unites quality, public transportation,public places status, enviromental quality respectively are important index. also we foud that relation between income and life satisfaction in the worn out texture is strongly positive but in the new texture of Semnan,there isn’t any relation between education and life satisfaction and income.

In the perspective of contemporary tourism industry, development of destination brand has changed to a strategic instrument throughout the world due to the increasing competition of tourism destinations. Having a successful tourism brand can be quite effective in increasing the competitive advantage of destination, attraction of tourists and as a result, increase of incomes arising from tourism industry and national economy boom. However, studies in the field of brand and special value of destination brand have remained at the beginning of its way. In this way, the present research has been prepared based on the evaluation of domestic tourists of the special value of tourism destination brand of Baneh border city. Statistical population includes the tourists of Baneh city in summer 2016. Friedman and Single Domain T tests were used to analyze questionnaire data. The results showed that four aspects, namely loyalty, awareness, image and perceived quality affect the special value of tourism brand of Baneh city. Considering the Friedman test in parallel with ranking the aspects of special value of tourism brand of Baneh border city, loyalty, awareness, perceived quality and finally, image of tourists are ranked first, second, third and fourth, respectively.

Today tourism development in the most of developing countries is an effective factor for social and economical development. But considering the important role of this industry in developing urban and rural district, there are always some obstacles preventing the development of tourism. So the present study analyzes the obstacles of tourism development in Qaemshahr and also present some suitable strategies to improve present tourism conditions in this township. The study is descriptive- analytic. Data was collected through library and field methods.statistic community included the population of Qaemshahr township in 1390. And it was prepared through 383 Questionaries. Descriptive results show about 69 percent of participants stated that the situation of publicity, organizational, service, and foundational facilities for tourism in Qaemshahr is very low(weak). Using Binomial test, analytic results show that significant level is less than 0.05, so Qaemshahr has shortcoming in publicity, organizational, service, and foundational facilities for tourism in order to attract tourists. Data analyzing was done through Binomial test. Descriptive results show that 69 percent of tourists estimated low the quality of accommodation and entertainment centers. And analytic results show that the significant level is less than 0.05. Therefore the quality of accommodation and entertainment centers in isnt Qaemshahr desirable.

Marginalization or informal settlements in present terms, the result of rapid urbanization and industrialization, and the urbanization transition to the socio-economic paradigm, the paradigm is the dominant socio-economic and parallel transmission. This phenomenon continues to spread in recent decades with the advent of the information society and if there is no obligation to survive and reproduce. Since the 1980s, empowerment strategies and reform the World Bank initiative to organize informal settlements, people living in these settlements as a problem, but as an asset looks and improve their socio-economic role of facilitator lead the government they have their commitment and empowerment to replace the culture of entitlement and the culture of poverty. The methodology of this study, "analytical", which has been collecting data based on field studies; therefore, the application of strategic analysis, SWOT, TOP empowerment strategies and crisis management in the communities in informal settlements presented Eslamshahr Is. And also can be said with integrated management and efficient with careful planning in the neighborhoods, to prevent it and the consequences of its destructive somewhat reduced. At the end of the research priorities for action and proposed solutions from the municipal administration, and how to take advantage of popular groups and NGOs, organizing and empowering communities in informal settlements presented. The results show the user the current status of residential neighborhoods to improve informal settlements in the city Eslamshahr in relation to reducing the damage caused by the earthquake, And other crises, implementation of the modernization, improvement and empowerment in older tissues, Monitoring bodies active in the construction of urban and raising awareness of residents in the use of durable materials, the most important strategies, which are the top priorities for action.

Access to water resources from the perspective of quality and quantity necessary for human life and human activities. The protection of these resources, especially fresh water as one of the most important factors is necessary to protect the health and development of communities. It is obvious that the first step for the conservation and optimal utilization of these resources should have the knowledge and identification of potential sources And by doing continuous monitoring of comprehensive knowledge about a qualitative change them to obtain and provide the context of sustainable development. The results show that frequent and persistent drought in recent years has exacerbated the drop in groundwater level plain And despite the establishment of various industries with its natural pollution and increased use of chemical fertilizers in the desert, with little change in reducing the chemical quality of groundwater resources was made. Results of interpretation are diagrams and charts, represent about 63 percent of agriculturally choice in the category C2S1 and C3S1 are 37 percent of the rest of the class. For industrial use about 82% of cases of type are read and 16% of depositing the samples are considered, only 2% of the remaining balance are examples of the type. About 55% of the water in hard water category and 23% in the category of very hard, and the rest (22%) as moderately hard water are introduced. More than 70 to 80 percent of the water in the well and the rest of the acceptable category and only about 3 percent in mid-fall.

The economic activities of rural women in various fields and identifying affecting factors on their economic function in the development process should be considered as one of the major concerns of policy makers, planners and experts. In the same approach, existing study is devoted to identify affecting factors on rural women's economic function. The type of research is applied research and research method is analytical-descriptive and observation, interviews and questionnaires base. The Statistical population is the rural households of Bonab County located in the central part of the Zanjan Township. According to the 1390 census, the village has 3843 households and 13643 people. Due to the extent of the area and to exact study, 9 villages with 1403 families with simple random method selected as the cases of study. Using Cochran's formula, sample size was 300 households. Data collection methods Library and field and instruments for gathering information are interviews and questionnaires. Questionnaires basically formed closed questions whit answers in Likert five scale. To analyze the data, the descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics methods were used. The results show that the economic function of women in the area of study is not in good condition. And age, water or homebred land and garden ownership, education and number of children have a meaningful relationship with women's economic function.

Iran, like many other developing countries faced with the problem of concentration of population and activity is at several points. The growing trend of of urbanization in recent decades, along with intense rural-urban migration and the coincides with the developments socio - economic and political is the most important factors creating the unbalanced pattern of is a city in Iran that its root can be found in manner of distributing resources in level region. This paper, Has been done with the aim examine the urban hierarchy and developments relevant to the cities in the Hamedan province during past 35 years. Research method has been slightly-analytical. The results of the this study indicate that urban hierarchy in the Hamedan province based on slightly formulas of the first urban structure is quite unbalanced and Hamadan as the first City show off In the network the city. The distance between Hamedan and its downstream towns malayer, nahavand, Asadabad, Tuyserkan and other cities has been overwhelming and and the smaller towns and less populated than Hamedan have not been able to to obtain the desired population. Hamedan in each of five courses Has retained its position as premier town in the network the city. Malayer in every five courses, is allocated second place by a big margin toward Hamedan. Also, Studies show that the logical action in the direction balance the spatial distribution of population in urban centers the province, Adjusted pole oriented urban development and decentralization of the town dominant by the strategy of strengthening medium cities.

Using different eco-tourism models can serve as a fundamental and useful strategy to help in planning and management for eco-tourism area. In this study using Ecotourism Potential model (EP) evaluated ten of the most important wetlands of ecotourism areas in Minab city. In According to total of the scores that given to each of the components, Ecotourism potential were selected as most to least respectively Tiab wetland (EP=5), Chakha wetland (EP=0.71), Kargan and Kolahi wetlands (Ep=0.5), Jovmahaleh wetland (EP=0.2), Parahoo, Mozhda and Namaki wetlands (EP=0.09) and Hasanlengi and Darsorkh wetlands (EP=0). Then because of the most score (EP=5) selected Tiab wetland and using SWOT model, a conceptual framework was investigated and identified and analyzed, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In regard to total of the scores SWOT model, weighted existence variety of unique attractions and natural landscapes (weighted score= 0.768) as the main strength, lack of facilities, welfare, health and services (weighted score= 0.487) as the main weaknesses, The ability to developed a variety of activities associated with eco-tourism (weighted score= 0.536) as the main opportunity and degradation of natural resource such as vegetation by tourists as the main threat. Using the EP model results, concluded that Tiab wetland can be selected as the best option among wetlands for sustainable development and provide eco-tourism industry. On the other hand could be started and provided the best strategy in relate to the SWOT model components in this area.

Since human resources are the most important element of the development of the past, so the social vitality of physical More than effects that have on him or her, that has on him. Cause increasing labor labor productivity, Like-such as via participation at the planning process of rural development. Regard to the importance of social vitality, purpose of this Study is to measure the social vitality And the evaluation of their effects on the willingness of villagers to participate in the village of East Bonatoee Rural in Bonab County. Applied research and The method of it was descriptive, analyzed and correlated. of descriptive and correlational Collecting data was done after doing test by using questionnaires from oxford are liability test has been used. In this research, 375 persons were selected by using random sampling via Cochran formula as sample volume. The results of the survey data show that all the studied Villages have low levels of social vitality, as the application of actor analysis show the most effect of first factor (including thirteen variables: the passion, happiness, etc.) is on rural participation. As well as results of the regression analysis, the variables used meaningful effect the rate of participation in rural development process shows. Therefore, with planning and advice to farmers in order to increase their participation in social vitality, We can increase interest and success of development plans.

Emigration causes important changes to population and as a sophisticated phenomenon and a social compatibility requires a socioeconomic and cultural response. Emigration is considered as temporary or permanent displacement and is a human characteristic and consists of moving from city and home to another city or out of country. In this regard this research discusses factors affecting emigration of Dehabbas village. The major goal of this study is to recognize the effect of closeness to Tehran and easy accessibility of emigration for mentioned population, and is performed with a descriptive-analytical method using questionnaire form a statistical population ( Dehabbas’ households) which contains 12 villages according to official statistics of 1390. According to research findings and tables, being close to Tehran and accessibility are the most important factors in this theory.

El Nino is a climate phenomenon that affect many in climate variables in the parts of the earth. Due to the evaporation Role of water Study, the El Nino effect on climate parameters, will be important. In this study, using data from the El Nino and with the help of artificial neural networks to estimate evaporation in Khorramabad station has been studied. Monthly evaporation data in station for 29 years from 1992 to 2011 and El Nino data by the NOAA website provided and using artificial neural network analysis were investigated.The result indicate that from El Nino condition in Nina1 and Nina3 related with evaporation in station. By comparing the observed data evaporation and output neural network, data correlation is 78%. The correlation between El Nino and neural network output and the rate is 99 percent. Therefore, due to the high correlation between El Nino and output data network using the correlation equations can be used for months without data, to estimate the evaporation with 99 percent accuracy.

Identification of factors and strategies identified in tourism recreation and sports can grow and spread in the community and ultimately help its institutionalization in the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the development of tourism recreation and sports in the province so that more people could participate in recreation activities. Research method was descriptive survey was done as a field. The population of this research managers and experts, academics, and educators aware of the Development of Sport, The sample in sufficient numbers (241) and targeted and available to participate in the research and answered the questions. The research tools included a researcher made Press presented with 66 statements with Likert method and the valuation of five choices for each (very small, small, pretty, high, very high), produced and used it placed. The validity by experts (n = 15), the reliability by Cronbach's alpha (94/0) was approved. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results show that the rules and regulations of the factors of management and operating aspects of resources, including human resources, finance, technology and equipment are significant abnormal distribution and other natural distributed later. Finally, conclusions and Prioritization of various aspects of the study, showed that the importance of this dimension in all four behavioral factors, resources, environmental management and have a significant impact on the development of sport.

Evaluation of land use in towns and cities as the core of planning, plays an important role in the local organization of. Yjashm village with a population of 725 people in the northwest of the city and is located in the Mazandaran Khtyrkvh to Do Ab, in terms of land use and spatial organization according to the desire of the population of the villages is one of the villages with the population increase after two terms in is reduced. And the structure of the rural population has changed, and if combined with poor management and unsustainable development will affect the historical and traditional villages.Using Expert choice software and indices analysis (utility, capacity, compatibility) in Arc GIS software to analyze the data and develop the final map obtained, the results indicate that use zoning in the village of Chashm With regard to rural development in the future will be aligned with the direction of development.

The sense of security in urban areas is one of the indicators of quality space. With increasing urbanization and urban abnormal behaviors, especially crime, this issue has great importance. The aim of this study is spatial cognition differential effect on the formation of affluent and non-affluent neighborhoods that causing mass culture in Babolsar city. This methods is applied for cross sectional descriptive study and our objective. In order to study and identify the status of privileged and non-privileged neighborhoods surrounding anatomic structures Babolsar field method has been used. The data collected through interviews, taking notes and questionnaires. The results indicate that in affluent neighborhoods, all standard components of spatial divisions, higher than average (Mean = 3), but non-affluent neighborhoods all components lower than average, as well as differences between spatial and cultural formation crime-standard components (except the diagnosis) there is a significant relationship between the neighborhood.

Informal settlement is one of obvious manifestation of urban poverty. These informal settlements develop in a spontaneous way, without building permit and without formal city development plans, which are agglomeration of low-income people and low level of urban quality of life. Investigation in physical, socio-economic, political and environmental situations of informal settlements in Hamdan city show that housing quality is very low on these settlements. The causes of these including low level of income, lack of legal ownership, lack of governmental and political patronage. These research tries to investigate relationship between housing quality and land security with quantitative method. The research will articulate Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) as a high-level strategic management approach for evaluating possible strategies. The results show that strategies such as implementing urban catalyst projects, patronizing non-governmental organizations for supplying housing for low-income citizens, and legislation approval for leading financial resources for supplying public housing are the most important strategies with high level of priorities.

Theoretic genealogy of the recent intelligentsia shows that some aspects of classical thoughts still exist. One of these classics is Marx whose trace is detectable in different domains of human studies such as new theories of social movements. Carl Marx and his fellow Friedrich Engles use social existence proposition of dialectic relations in explicating social phenomena. In their belief, based on the dominant logic in historical materialism, there exist social varieties in geographical territories and historical eras because of the various existence proposition. This dialectic relation influenced by regional diversity of Western Europe and countries known as Asian Mode of Production resulted in two kinds of exploitative relation and human-human contradiction, one in west and one in east. The first element is class conflict and the second one is nation-government conflict. These two kinds of dialectic relation has brought about two forms of classical social movements of western and eastern kind during the history each of which has its own nature. These kinds of social movements are influenced by contradiction between social forces inside the political borders of a country. However, capital forces tend to go beyond the geographical borders; which forms international exploitative relations and human-human contradiction and results in another movement in this level between two groups of counties that one exploits the other. Since in this model capital forces from the lowest to the highest level have to concede to classless formation. Therefore, in Marx model there are two kinds of classical movements at national level as well as one kind of movement at international relation, however, in his late revisions there are signs of belief in non-revolutionary and social movements. Reviewing Marx’s theoretical system from historical materialism to global movements, we can find some of most important elements and crucial concepts in theorizing social movements, such as: contradiction, social gap, dialectic, exploitative relations and authority.