نشریه مسائل اجتماعی ایران
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 22، بهار و تابستان 1396)

Frequency of environmental issues in recent years has provoked attention and sensitivity of different scholars, especially sociologists, toward these issues. to analyze and explain environmental problems, sociologists require social solutions and sociological studies. Therefore, this article from the perspective of environmental sociology reflects on the relationship between knowledge, attitude and environmental behavior and, situation of these three variables in terms of groups and periods of study among students. Compatible with the new environmental paradigm and literature studies, the findings of this study display the impact of environmental knowledge and attitude on environmental behaviors. Also, students who studied in more relevant fields such as Agricultural Sciences and students of Science had better situation and understanding in terms of all three variables rather than students of other departments. In addition, level of education promotes knowledge, environmental attitudes and behaviors of students. The results of the analysis show that variables explained 20 percent of variance of their environmental behavior.

The present study raises this question that why Tabriz is a city without beggars? It is to find out an understanding of Tabrizi citizens’ views and reactions regarding beggary as well as conditions, interactions, and consequence of this phenomenon. The research employed a qualitative approach and specifically used grounded theory based on the purposive sampling method. Findings were explained in the form of a final grounded model including 12 components as follows: helping-each-other culture, institutionalization culture, appropriate economic contexts, importance of social status, ethnic spirit, sense of responsibility, inefficiency of formal/governmental organizations in charge of covering the poor, negative attitudes towards beggars, existence of supportive NGOs and public confidence in these organizations, coping action, solutions for the problem of begging, and improvement in the urban environment. These 12 components revolve around the central axis of “confrontation culture”.

Passing from mechanical and psychophysical approaches to social psychophysical approach, psychological diseases have been considered as a multi-aspect phenomenon and a cultural-social issue. This research aims to study and discover mental and conceptual implications of experience and perception of families having mental patients using a social interpretation approach. Data of this qualitative study were collected through semi-structured interviews, and for data analysis grounded theory method is used. Using theoretical and purposive sampling, 19 family members of mental patients were interviewed and finally collected data were analyzed in the framework of 18 pivotal categories and one core category. Based on study results, those interviewed considered mental patients the result of different conditions and backgrounds such as history of mental diseases, family disintegration, painful experiences, economic problems and abnormal behaviors and dissolution of support systems. Attendants in confrontation with presence of mental patients in the family resort to different reactions based on acceptance or non-acceptance of the mental patients, in a range from concealing, negating to accepting the disease and attempt for treatment. Conceptual reconstruction of experience and perception of patients’ families indicate the abnormality of mental illness, isolation and loneliness, as well as criticality of mental disease. Based on this study, presence of a mental patient has led to consequences such as stigma, fear of stigma, derision, self-desired social isolation, financial stress and family disintegration for patients’ relatives.

This study was designed to investigate single girls’ attitude toward marriage with an emphasis on their lifestyle. First, theories of lifestyle and marriage were studied and then a theoretical framework was developed by combining appropriate and consistent theories. The concept of lifestyle has benefited from views of Weber, Bourdieu and Giddens, and marriage from modernization theory. Secondly using statistical techniques and framework of the study, it’s been sought to measure the impactability of people's attitudes toward marriage with four components of cultural consumption, social communication, body management and socioeconomic status as elements of lifestyle that can influence dependent variable of the study. The population of this research was unmarried female employees of Shiraz Medical School, the sample was 345 and data were collected through a survey using questionnaire.
The findings showed that a significant percentage of the sample (1/39 percent) have a negative attitude toward marriage which indicates a change in attitudes about marriage.
All factors of lifestyle have impact on attitude toward marriage, and among four of them “social communication” is the only component that is impacted by the other three (socioeconomic status, cultural consumption and body management), and this variable with beta coefficient of 553/0 have directly and immediately impact on attitudes toward marriage. Also cultural consumption with beta coefficient of 610/0 is the most important determinant variable of attitudes toward marriage.

Given the transition of our society from traditional to modern identity, present research studies the challenges that youth face in terms of identity in everyday life context, using social interpretivism approach. We have tried to achieve a grounded theory through qualitative method and interview technique. Based on theoretical sampling and standard of theory Saturation, 28 interviews have been done with 20-30 year-old youth in Isfahan. Findings include 21 categories. The main category of this survey is” Selectivity of Identity Elements” which encompassed other categories. According to core category two research findings are “textural contrast between tradition and modernity” and “increasing individualism”. based on results, main finding of the research points to increased individualism toward modern identity and contrast of modern and traditional context. Age and Preferences are among contextual conditions that create a generation gap between youth and their parents. The grounded theory was then developed and visualized into a paradigm model.

Celibacy is a condition that deprives human beings from some social and interactive opportunities due to lack of married life, and can provoke loneliness and social isolation. In this regard, this study will follow two goals: how much single girls over 30 in Yazd suffer from social isolation and what factors create and exacerbate this isolation? This is a survey study with statistical population of 2613 which 139 girls were selected among them as the sample population through snowball sampling method. The results indicated that the average rate of social isolation among the sample population was 63.09% and this represented a relatively high degree of isolation. From among the remaining variables in the regression model, traditional beliefs and perceptions of oneself have the greatest impact on social isolation. The greatest impact belongs to one's perception of herself. 29.8% of the variance of social isolation can be explained by the linear combination variance of independent variables.

Social problem issues in a transitional and developing society such as Iran are complex and multi-dimensional which need contemplation and consultation with scholars to understand them. Results of “National Survey of Values and Attitudes” in Iran indicate that respondents count drug abuse as third social problems in society after unemployment and inflation. Due to drug addiction in society, a meta-analysis was performed with the aim of identifying the most important factors influencing drug abuse in the research conducted. The research method of this paper is meta-analysis. Population of the study were almost all scientific papers with the subject of drug abuse in three journals of “Journal of Social Problems of Iran”, “Social Welfare Journal” and "Journal of Research on Addiction" which were published in 2001 and 2013. The results showed that most researches used cross-sectional, documents and secondary analysis as their method of study. The deviant behavior perspective (social control, differential association and criminal subculture) is the most important theoretical perspective that has been used to explain drug abuse. The results showed that effect size of variables of addicted friends (effect size= 0.33) and the attachment to family (effect size= - 0.27) has the greatest impact on drug abuse among studies reviewed.

There are two types of poverty in general: relative and absolute. Economically poverty is the lack of financial and monetary capacity, socially it is the lack of awareness and social exclusion, politically it is the lack of political participation and psychologically it is isolation, mistrust and suspicion. Culture of poverty is the culturazation of poverty among the poor that its main characteristics are continuous, generational perpetuation of poverty, lack of motivation to break the vicious circle of poverty, social mistrust, reluctance to civic participation, fatalism and acceptance of socio-economic failures. Accordingly, the main objective of this research was to determine the sociological culture of poverty among the rural poor.
The method used in this study is quantitative-survey. And the tool of data collection is questionnaire. A sample of 267 people were selected using Cochrane systematic and stratified sampling.
The results showed that social partnership (-0/345), dependence on others (0/212), social capital (-0/353), social status (-0/387), domestic violence (-0/218), social isolation (0/134) and socio-economic base hereditary (-0/319) had significant correlation with poverty but unemployment and authoritarian personality variable had no significant relationship with the culture of poverty. In multiple regression analysis, the coefficient of determination is (0/491), adjusted coefficient of determination is (0/478) and multiple correlation coefficients is (0/345) and independent variables alone could explain 49/0 % of changes in dependent variable.