مجله علمی شیلات ایران
سال بیست و ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 102، مهر و آبان 1396)

The aim of this study was determination of diversity, dominance and species richness of intertidal zone crabs of coastal field of Bushehr seaport. 9 stations were selected for sampling in the inter-tidal zone and sampling bed sediments was done in both warm (August 2015) and cold (December 2015) seasons using Quadrate (25×25 cm) randomly. Samples were preserved by using 10% buffered formalin and transported to the laboratory and counted and identified. More over physicochemical properties of water such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and water salinity were also measured in each station. Diversity index was investigated using Shannon-Weaver formula, dominancy index was investigated using Simpson formula, and species richness was investigated using Margalof formula. The identified samples were totally 13 species from 7 families and 1 order. The most frequent identified families in seasons were Grapsidae , Porcellanidae and Xanthidae. According to the results of ANOVA, there were significant differences between frequency changes of crabs in all stations (P0.05). Also results of this study indicate that the most diversity rate (1.916) was in station 3 and warm season, the most species richness rate (4.454) was in station 3 and warm season and the most dominancy rate (1.000) was in station 1, 2, 9 and warm season. At the end of study, we can conclude that diversity of inter-tidal zone crabs in Bushehr seaport coastline was low.

Imbalanced dietary fatty acid profile could influence the performance of larvae. In the present study the effect of various dietary levels of HUFA and PUFA (C18) on histoarchitecture of newly weaned rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae were investigated. To this end, various dietary HUFA levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 percent) at a fixed dietary PUFA of 20 percent (the first experiment) and various dietary PUFA levels (10, 20, 30 and 40 percent) at fixed dietary HUFA of 8 percent (the second experiment) were created and fed to larvae. The experiments were lasted for six weeks. At the end of the experiments, six fish were randomly taken and the proximal intestine was dissected out and fixed for histological studies. According to lipid epithelial disorganization and cell lifting along with frequency of enterocyte fat stores of proximal intestine of fries, it could be stated when dietary PUFA was fixed at 20 percent (mainly due to replacing dietary fish oil with plant sources), there is no way to prevent such deteriorative histological alterations except increasing dietary HUFA levels up to 2 percent of dietary lipid content. In the second experiment, increasing dietary PUFA to 40 percent of dietary lipid content improved proximal intestine integrity. Furthermore, the lowest goblet cells counts and consequently the highest number of enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, were recorded in treatment 3 and 6. Concludingly, in those groups feeding on diet containing 20 percent PUFA with 2 percent HUFA or 40 percent PUFA with 8 percent HUFA lower lipid vacuoles were present and normal intestinal epithelia were observed.

Water quality of the Samsami and Dinaran rivers of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were assessed in year 1393. For each river, 7 stations were determined. Water sampling has been done monthly (May to October) and samples, under standard situation, were sent to laboratory for assessing: Nitrite, Ammonium, Soluble Phosphate, BOD5, COD, TSS, TDS, Cu, Zn, Hg, Cl-, Organophosphate toxins, pH, Malachite green and EC. Soluble phosphate was higher than standard in studied rivers (p

Japanese threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) is one of the most important commercial species of fishes in the Persian Gulf. The purpose of this research was to elucidate some features of the sexual cycle and nutritional traits of fish caught in the Persian Gulf (Bushehr province) from September 2012 to September 2013. The total number of 315 fish was studied. The number of male and female fish was 101 and 184 respectively and the sex of 30 of them was not recognizable due to fish prematurity. Total length (TL) ranged from 20 to 36 cm with a mean (±SD) of 28.15±2.9 cm for females, whereas for males it ranged from 20.6 to 40 cm with a mean (±SD) of 31.48±4.1 cm. Moreover the minimum and maximum measured lengths were 20 cm (found in females) and 40 cm (found in males), respectively. The weight of female fish ranged from 98 to 303 g with a mean (±SD) of 172.06±3.8 g, whereas for males it ranged from 100 to 380 g with a mean (±SD) of 242.21±7.76 g. The average amounts of condition factor were 1.8±0.07 and 1.86±0.09 for males and females, respectively. The average amount of intestine relative length mean was 0.91 for all samples. Vacuity index was calculated in different months for evaluating the severity of feeding. The maximum and minimum amounts of filled stomachs were observed with 85% and 28.12% of filled stomachs in August and April, respectively. From 315 examined stomachs, 122 were empty and the others were full. The predominant food in the full stomachs was crab (56%) followed by fish (27%), shrimp (17 %), polycheat (8%), squid (4%), lobster (2%) and octopus (1%). The trend of GSI changes in females from February to April was upward and after that it became downward. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) fluctuations in males and females were similar to each other and conformed to GSI changes. The results showed that this fish was relatively gluttonous and crustacean was their main source of food, whereas fish and mollusks were their secondary source of food.

Some species of phytoplankton under unfavorable environmental conditions and in their sexual life cycle produce resting cyst that settle to the bottom sediments and become motile in the water column when suitable conditions provided. Phytoplankton species were studied in two stages of motile and cyst for accurate identification of morphology, because some similar cysts may convert to a different phytoplankton and vice versa. The objectives of this study were to culture cysts that isolated from sediments of Lipar zone located in the southeast coast of Iran and to identify excysted samples. Sediment samples from Lipar zone were collected by Ekman grab with 225 cm2 area in 2015. Unknown live and orbicular single cysts were isolated from sediments and cultured in sterile conditions in phycolab using f2 medium under 12 hours light and 12 hours dark cycles at 25±1°C. Assessment of excysted plankton morphology revealed that the cyst is belonged to Dunaliella salina species. In order to confirm this morphological identification, DNA of the plankton was extracted and PCR was performed. The sequence of the sample was compared with the sequences of the similar species from GenBank. Phylogeny and molecular analysis confirmed this identification. The present study revealed that D. salina from the south coast of Iran was able to produce resting cyst.

Lipid content and poly-unsaturated fatty acids changes of salted Grass-Carp fillet were evaluated as affected by methods of cooking. For this purpose, raw, dry-salted (by 24% salt) and cooked fillets (fried, boiled, microwaved and grilled) were evaluated, qualitatively. The results showed that salting and frying both increased the lipid content (p0.05). On the other hand, frying, among of cooking methods, decreased SFA, (29.79 to 22.93%), highly and instead UFA (55.57 to 71.16%), considerably that indicate diffusion of oil into the fish tissues. Frying also increased ω-6 (16.18 to 36.13%) amount (p

This study is a part of the national and technology master plan entitled "Attain to technical knowledge of specific pathogen free shrimp production and cut off to dependence on foreign products". The goals of this work were to assess and analysis the risk factors of production of specific pathogen free Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp in its all stages (broodstocking, laravl production, shrimp farming, feeding and water quality), determining the pattern of outcomes monitoring, management and control of outcomes from April 2012 to September 2015 in Bandargah research station and Persian Gulf SPF Shrimp research station and their environment, belonging to Shrimp Research Center, located in Bushehr. Identification and screening of risk factors have been done based on Environment Aspect and Effect Analysis method, (EA)2, using a fine statement questionnaire and quantification of risks.
The number of identified risk factors in Bandargah research station was 15 while it was 13 in Persian Gulf SPF Shrimp research station. The more number of risk factors in Bandargah station in respect to its number in Persian Gulf station is might due to lower level of biosecurity, physical structure and aging of Bandargah station and existence of two possible source of contamination, the Bushehr nuclear power plant pollutants and Bandargah fishing harbor, near to the station. On the basis of results, the maximum values of APN in Bandargah station was 42 while it was 30 in Persian Gulf station. These results revealed that the level of risk in Bandargah station is lower than that in Persian Gulf station.
The most probable risks in both studied research stations are related to transmission of pathogens in shrimp feeding and water intake pollution.

Biomass, Catch per Unit of Area (CPUA), distribution and catch composition of Bottom Trawl demersal resources from Oman Sea (Sistan and Balochestan province coastal waters) were investigated in this study. Data were collected in one research cruise by using R/V Ferdows-1 during 2016. The study area was stratified into 5 strata (M to Q) and 4 Substratum covering the depths of 10- 20, 20-30, 30-50 and 50-100 m in the Oman Sea. A total of 92 stations were selected in a random stratified design distributed in different depths and area. The swept are method was used to access and estimate the amount of biomass and CPUA. Result indicated that the percentage of density of demersal resources in the M Stratum (Biahi to Galak estuary) and Stratum Q (Bersi to Gwatr) had the highest value of biomass and CPUA. Also depths of 10-20 m had lowest value CPUA and biomass of commercial, non-commercial and total species. The amount of biomass in depth of 50-100 m was 4.1 times higher than that of depth 10-20m. Maximum CPUA of commercial, non-commercial and total species was estimated in strata M, M and Q and M respectively. Aroun100 species were identified in this study; the results of the study suggest that high density of commercial species distribution concentrated in West-coast, while non-commercial resources observed in East coast of Sistan and Balochestan province. The Result of this study is beneficial for objective management of Demersal Resources exploitation in Oman Sea.

In the present study the distribution pattern and density of Ilyoplax frater as the larval stage of crab( family Ocypodidae) were studied by selecting six different stations covering both estuarines (Ramleh, Dubbeh, Shif, Lashkary), Creek-estuary region(farakeh) and Sea station in the northwest Persian Gulf, Bushehr Province waters within June 2015 to March 2016. MeroZooplankton samples were collected bimonthly and physico-chemical parameters (Transparency, Salinity, Temperature, pH, Chl-a) were also measured. In the temporal succession, major peak of I. frater zoea abundance occurred in the September 2015(11974±2359.40 N/m3) and minor peak occurred in Janaury 2016 (83.55± 25.96 N/m3). The highest and the lowest density of I. frater zoea with values of 9796.20 ± 2449.05 and 128.71± 33.99 N/m3were found for Ramleh and Farakeh stations, respectively. The DstLM (Distance Linear Model) test with considering the environmental factors and density of chlorophyll-a it was found that there is significant relationship between I. frater zoea density and some physical and chemical parameters with the most important factors of temperature and salinity in which effects on distribution of I. frater zoea in the study area.

The present study ,Principal component analysis and multivariate index were used for Classification and determine of trophy by according to the European water framework directive in coastal water hormozgan province. In the proposed approach, the first principal component is used and evaluated as a eutrophication index on independent dataset and four variables nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate as abiotic factors for biomass and chlorophyll a was used as an indicator of phytoplankton production. Water samples were collected at 10 stations during the 12 months in 2012. During the investigation, Lower Trophy (0.1) were at stations 9 & 10 and the Highest value(1.5) observed at the station 3(goorsoozan area). Based on the criteria by according to the European water framework directive ,level trophy in near coastal water and far from coast of Bandar Abbas have been In the situation of mezotroph condition, and the area Jask and Lengeh in oligotrophic condition respectively.Temporal analysis of Trophic conditions showed that the trophic status can be divided into first(oligo- mezotroph) and second(Mezo-Eutroph) periods. Also in many times, the level of water quality in coastal water of Bandar Abbas is the rank good or fairly good and the other area(Jask and Lengeh ) the good rating respectively.The low quality of coastal water in Bandar Abbas due to the potential impacts of the entry of nutrients from domestic and urban sewage into coastal waters.

Spirulina platensis is a blue-green microalgae with unique nutrient content and numerous nutritional and therapeutic effects which is used for enrichment of various food products. There is a lack of knowledge about wheat flour fortification in pasta production with powdered Spirulina platensis. Therefore, the application effects of Spirulina platensis powder at various levels of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % of pasta weight were evaluated, on the amounts of protein and fat content of pasta by micro-Kjeldahl and Soxhlet extraction methods, respectively. The effects of fortification on the amino acids and fatty acids of pasta, were evaluated by Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Adding various amounts of Spirulina powder showed significant effects on chemical parameters of pasta (P

One of the most important defense systems in fish to keep homeostasis is antioxidant defense system. To assay antioxidant enzymes in ovarian maturation process in cultured Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus females, 24 fish were identified in four groups: previtellogenic, vitellogenic, post-vitellogenic and atresia (6 in each group) and blood samples were taken. Maturity stages were identified on the basis of histological criteria and direct observation. The activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD(, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in blood was investigated. The results showed CAT and GPX activity decreased in the vitellogenic stage in compare to previtellogenic (P 0.05). MDA concentration in different groups did not show significant changes (P> 0.05). The results of this study showed nevertheless the metabolism increased in the process of sexual maturation, the antioxidant defense is could effectively protect fish against these changes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate encapsulation efficiency of fish oil using different combinations of xanthan and sodium alginate (core-wall ratio of 1:2). Experimental treatments were consisted of xanthan 1%, Alginate 1%, xanthan 0.75% Alginate 0.25%, xanthan 0.5% Alginate 0.5% and xanthan 0.25% Alginate 0.75% of the wall material. These experimental combinations of xanthan and sodium alginate were mixed with the other wall components. Afterward, the mixture were homogenized and subsequently freeze-dried to obtain encapsulated powder. Results revealed that encapsulated fish oil with xanthan 0.75% Alginate 0.25% had the lowest particle size, moisture content and surface oil content as compared to the others (P

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary alphamion probiotic on growth, hematological indices and body composition of Huso huso fingerlings. A basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent probiotic to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 192±3.2 g. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, fish fed diets with probiotic showed the highest final weight and SGR, and lowest in fish fed the control diet (P

This study was carried out to determine and comparison of concentration metals nickel and vanadium in muscle of eight species of fish, Epinephelus coioides, Platycephalus indicus, Cynoglossus arel, Acanthopagrus latus, pampus argenteus, Tenualosa ilisha, Liza macrolepis and Liza klunzingeri from Khuzestan province in 2013. 120 samples of fish collected from Bahrekan in Khuzestan province. Chemical digest samples of fish by wet method and nickel and vanadium measured by Perkin Elmer 4100 atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Duncan test. In this study concentrations of nickel and vanadium in species of fish were significantly different (P

This study investigated the present species of Sparidae family in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Population structure of dominant and significant species of the genus” Acanthopagrus” was examined through morphometric and meristic characteristics from June 2014 to May 2016. Sparidae samples were collected from 5 area of Khuzestan, Bushehr, West and East Strait of Hormuz, and Sistan & Baluchistan in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea. Totally, 54 characteristics comprising 41 morphometric and 13 meristic characteristics were measured in each species and 9 species from Sparidae family including Acanthopagrus arabicus, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus ¡ Acanthopagrus berda , Argirops spinifer¡ Crenidense crenidens¡ Diplodus sargus kotschyi ¡ Sparidentex hasta Rhabdosargus sarba and Rhabdosargus haffara, were identified. The result of the investigation on the family structure of Acanthopagrus arabicus species was carried out by Dunkan test on standard length, analysis on classification of morphometric and meristic characteristics, decomposition test to main component of PCA, discriminant function analysis (DFA) and the Cluster test on morphometric and meristic characteristics showed that the studied samples in 5 areas have considerable differences (P

This research aims to investigate the effects of freezing and frozen storage at -18°C on the chemical and microbial features of edible tissue of Lutjanus johnii. 30 samples of fish with average weight and length of 708 g and 35 cm were obtained from the fish market of Bushehr seaport in 2015 and were stored for 180 days in a freezer. The results of this research indicated that the amounts of crude protein, crude fat, ash and moisture of fresh samples were 15.87, 4.50, 2.37, and 77.72% respectively, whereas these amounts were changed to 15.57, 4.02, 3.00 and 77.12% respectively after 180 days of frozen storage. The amounts of pH, total volatile nitrogen and peroxide of fresh samples were 5.59, 14.36 mg N2/100g and 0.77 meq O2/kg respectively, whereas these amounts were changed to 6.85, 19.63 mg N2/100g and 1.97 meq O2/kg respectively after 180 days of frozen storage. Microbial analysis showed that total bacterial count in fresh sample was 3.00 log CFU/g that was changed to 3.47 log CFU/g after 180 days of frozen storage. According to these results and by comparing the results with the standards, it can be concluded that the nutritional value of this fish was not noticeably decreased after 180 days of frozen storage.

IHNV (Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus) is one of the most important pathogens in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The virus causes the disease that affects the hematopoietic tissue and blood vessels of fish, especially in larvae and fingerling stages. The disease is highly contagious and causes mass fish casualty (up to 95%). Therefore, continuous health monitoring of fish farms is necessary. The objectives of the present study were to identify and track the probable presence of the virus in fish farm in Dasht-e-Rome, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Samples were prepared from the liver, spleen, kidney, egg, sperm and larvae of the adult fish and broodfish during four years from 2012 to 2016. About one percent of the broodstock population was used for sampling (1%×3000 broodfish×4years=120fish). In order to detect the presence of IHN-virus, samples were sent to a laboratory in frozen condition. After preparation of samples, they were inoculated with two types of cell line (BF2 and EPC) and examined by the molecular methods (Reverse Transcriptase-PCR) to detect the presence of IHN virus. The results showed that all samples were free from the IHN virus and the frequency of virus was 0% in all examined samples.