نشریه اندیشه های نوین تربیتی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 44، تابستان 1396)

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between silence climate, psychological safety and silence behavior of universityemployees. The study was descriptive -correlational and survey one. The statistical population included all the employees ofthe Alzahra university during the academic year 2013-2014 (N =468). Among them, 211cases were selected andtested through simple random sampling technique. Three questionnaires, namely “psychological safety” (Edmonson, 1999), “silence climate” (2005) and “silence behavior” (2005) were used to collect data. Questionnaires validity was approved by academic experts. The reliability ofthe questionnairesusing Cronbach's alphawas calculated as 0.80, 0.89 and 0.90 respectively. The one-samplet-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regressionand path analysis were used to analyze data by means of SPSSandLISREL softwares. Resultsshowed that there was a significant negative relationshipbetween silence climate and psychologicalsafety(r=-0.485), and a negative relationship between psychological safety andsilence behavior (r=-0.464).Theresults also suggestedthat the silence climate directly and throughpsychological safety mediationhas a significantimpacton the silence behavior.

Present study was done to investigate hope in view of single-parent students (children of divorce). Method of this study was in qualitative approach and was conducted as a phenomenological study. Participants included 16 single-parent girl students of a primary school in Chahardange City whom were selected through purposive sampling method. The data was collected using a standardized open-ended interview. The collected data was then analyzed through interpretive analysis in approach of Strauss and Glaser.
For hope and school, single parent children have many educational problems due to familial issues occurred following parent's divorce. So they have involved in school drop-out and many of them lost their motivation for educational achievements and continuing. For hope and family, single parent children are confused in defining family and their family definition is different from what they experience in reality. They miss the parent with whom they do not live and show their appetite to be near their absent parent. Most of them deny there is nothing between their parents because their parents divorced. They imagine reunion desire of their parents in their mind. Some feel hopeless if they family members be together again and live in a home together. In this study, Most of divorced parent's children expressed they are not able to communicate with their friends because of their special conditions.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between achievement goals, epistemological beliefs, quality of learning experience with educational procrastination among university students in the academic Yazd. The research was descriptive and correlational. The population included 9218 students of University of Yazd. The size of the sample of 400 students (189 boys and 211 girls) were selected by proportional stratified random sampling, that the number was reduced to 379 people. Questionnaires to measure variables of Solomon & Rothblum educational procrastination, Elliot & Mc Gregory achievement goals, Schommer epistemological beliefs and Neuman quality of learning experience was used. Data were analyzed using, simultaneous multiple regression was performed. The results showed that the only significant predictor variables achievement goals are for educational procrastination. Beta coefficient indicates that the variable mastery-avoidance goals, and performance-orientation procrastination to explain and predict the scores are reversed. However, the beta coefficient for the variable performance-avoidance showed that this variable in explaining and predicting the score of procrastination are directly involved.

The present study is aimed at investigating dormitory students’ experiences of the night before exam for explaining its different aspects and dimensions. The research uses a qualitative research method and phenomenological technique. To conduct the study, 12 students were selected from among dormitory students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University via the purposive sampling technique until data saturation. Then, they were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed with participants’ permissions. Then, the sentences and clauses of interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. the results indicated that 8 main themes and 20 subthemes can be extracted from interviews: professor (the teaching style of professors and their personality), curriculum (the favorability of the curriculum and the volume of its contents), sleep (sleep degree and sleep quality), emotional responses (reduction of tolerance threshold, lack of concentration and physiological effects, stress, fear) , environmental characteristics (physical spaces and mental spaces), courses and fields of study (academic degree, field of study and beginning of the course and the beginning of exams), communication management (control and creation of optimal interactions and the occurrence of social network disruptions), and study and planning skills (study and planning skills and readiness). The obtained results indicate that the most important characteristics of the night before exam is that some of the factors affecting exam anxiety are dependent on students’ personality characteristics, while some others are those conditions common for most students and cannot be removed by themselves.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of optimism on academic stress and mental health of the fifth grade male students of elementary school in the city of "Khoramabad" using storytelling. The method applied was pre-test, post-test piloting with a control group. The participants were all the elementary male students from a school in "Khoramabad", from among whom thirty were selected using "random sampling" as members of control and experimental group. Ang – Huan academic stress questionnaire (2006) and GHQ-28 inventory (1979) were used to measure the student's academic stress and mental health. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance) were applied. Results indicate that educating education of optimism through storytelling leads to a decrease in academic stress and an increase in the mental health of the fifth grade students in experimental group compared to control group. Current observations confirm the positive impact of optimism, through storytelling, upon the decrease in student's academic stress and increase in their mental health.(p

The aim of this study was to identify social and educational factors that reduce the academic motivation of secondary school students. theorical foundation of this research is miler and brickman(2004) motivational model.The study population was the whole of secondary school male student that using Stratified random sampling 384 student were chosen from three educational region. the researcher made questioner for data gathering was used and its validity was confirmed with ten education and motivation expertise. the reliability of tools After pilot study among 60 high school students /087 was reported. Exploratory and confirmatory analysis of data showed that A total of nine factors , including family and its related problems, knowledge and science position in society, Unemployment and employment educated people, not practical learned things, weakness of teachers, low of curriculum quality, structures and lows of schools, weakness of schools administrations and access and too much use to new communication technologies were discovered that in order of preference 45/ 72 of variance related to reducing high school students motivation were explained. also indicators such as IFI, NFI, AGFI, GFI, RMSEA and CFI were confirmed fitness of factors and sub factors.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the tendency and unwillingness to choose the field of art. The research method was descriptive (survey) and the statistical population of this study was female students of first grade secondary schools of Tehran city (zone 2) in 2105 people, out of this community, 327 people were selected randomly by cluster sampling. The data-gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire based on Likert scale, whose face and professors and experts confirmed content validity. Reliability of assessment was done by use of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.77). For analyzing the data, k-s, factor analysis and Friedman tests have been used. The results showed that in order of priority, personal characteristics, family factors, school and teachers and counselors, the impact of peers and others are four factors that affect student's interest in the field of art. In addition, the results of the research indicated that in order of priority, family factors, school and teachers and counselors, the impact of peers and others, and individual characteristics are the four factors that affect student's unwillingness in the field of art. Identifying and investigating these factors can be useful in the student's educational guidance process.

This research aimed at studying the effects of culture and individual characteristics on student's information technology acceptance. Computer anxiety and self-efficacy and cultural dimensions (uncertainty avoidance, Collectivism/ individualism and power distance) were tested by adding to TAM model. Using PLS method structural equation modeling, the findings showed that the TAM model can predict 39 percent of variance in intention to use of computer. Computer self efficacy has positive and computer anxiety had negative effect on perceived usefulness and ease of use. Uncertainty avoidance had negative effect on computer self efficacy and collectivism / individualism, power distance and uncertainty avoidance had positive effects on computer anxiety. In general the results showed that culture and personality traits had effects on information technology acceptance.
Key words: uncertainty avoidance, power distance, collectivism/ individualism, computer anxiety, Computer self-efficacy.
This research aimed at studying the effects of culture and individual characteristics on student's information technology acceptance. Computer anxiety and self-efficacy and cultural dimensions (uncertainty avoidance, Collectivism/ individualism and power distance) were tested by adding to TAM model. Using PLS method .

Friedrich Nietzsche has enlivened a new life to modern tragedy, especially with regard to ancient Greece tragedy. By this fact, tragedy is not only a great and extraordinary literary and cultural achievement, but also the voice tone in the ear of modernity and a resonating and echoing index to explain the allegations and visions of modern world against the classic background. His explanation of the modern world can be both in the form of crticsis on this period and also openness to it, while his most prominent approach is due to dialectic of continuation of the living path in the midst of destruction. In fact, from then on, world history and universal views have been more comprehensive, including the tragic literature. Nietzsche has made the tragic era being marked to his name, and put behind the uncountable ideas is the world, since ancient Greece to modern Europe. He deals with metaphysics as something inevitable and totalized via The Birth of Tragedy and forms some of his education taught, based on this approach. This article investigates Nietzsche's metaphysical attitudes, which tries to respect the fundamental experience of Nietzsche's thought on metaphysical subjects. It attempts to interpret the metaphysics of Nietzsche, in The Birth of Tragedy which is built based solely on his views, where the target is to express the facts which are described by education

The purpose of this research was define the role of self-presentation of low achievement, Disruptive behaviors and academic hopelessness on the students’ academic cheating. All of the shahid madany university students were the statistical population, approximately 6000. Statistical sample were 404. Instruments were migdly and et al(2000) Manual for the Patterrns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS). The reliability of the instruments were acceptable . collected Data were analyzed by SPSS.V.16, and stepwise multiple regression manner. Self-presentation of low achievement, Disruptive behaviors and academic hopelessness as independent variables, could predict the students’ academic cheating behavior meaningfully . Disruptive behavior, academic hopelessness, and self-presentation of low achievement had the greatest role on the students’ academic cheating respectively. Could concluded that if self-presentation of low achievement, Disruptive behaviors and academic hopelessness were high, as much as the academic cheating behavior would be high.