نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 73، بهار 1397)

The main purpose</span>of this paper is to present an analytical model of the process of constructing the meaning of national identity for Iranians. The leading assumption in this article is that collective memory forms the source of meaning for national identity, which creates the necessary coherence for continuity over time through the structure of collective narratives. Therefore, the social force that links an Iranian individual to the Iranian nation is the collective memory that shapes Iranian identity in the form of collective narratives. In order to construct a theoretical model of research, the combination of Halbwachs's theory of collective memory, Ricoeur's theory of narrative identity and Ashraf's theory of Iranian identity were used. Applying the model, in addition to understanding the social reality of the development of Iranian identity, a new interpretation of the latest empirical findings on the sense of national identity among Iranians was achieved. The results of this research showed that today in society, the meaning and common understanding of being Iranian, in other words, the Iranian identity, has a template of historical narrative. In this narration, symbols, myths and collective memories as the symbolic heritage of the identities of various ethnic groups are reconfigured in the Iranian modern national identity.

This paper is to provide a thematic network of sense of place among internal tourists in the context of historical and cultural heritage in Shiraz. Ethnographical qualitative methodology has been used in this study. Informants in this study were among 25 internal tourists that have been selected through purposive sampling. In order to analyze the primary Data, thematic network analysis has been used. In the six-stage process of analysis, 31 primary codes were depleted to five basic themes: sensual efflorescence, sense of belonging to a place, Aesthetical perception, being in a safe place, exhilarating architecture, two organizing themes: spirit-oriented memory and place-oriented memory and a global theme: historical-cultural memory recreation. Comprehensive the thematic network in this study shows that tourists in the historical cultural heritage of Shiraz experience a collection of senses of place which can be considered as: historical-cultural memory recreation that shows a person's relationship with place, past, others and himself. These relationships somehow reinforces the personal, cultural, historical and national identities of people.

Ethnicity is one of the trends of the new era which some paradigms, e.g., globe after Soviet fall, globalization, and rise of the Postmodern discourses, has caused its spread through the globe in these years. Ethnicity, in countries with a long history or colonized countries, had not existed or had been a marginal issue. However, during Soviet era, it came to the political scene as a hone and supporter of the political ideologies. As one of the main trends in 20th century, ethnicity has been defined as the "National Question" under "Marxist-Leninist" paradigm which is explored in this paper. As a consequence of Soviet impact on Iran, ethnicity came to Iran, at first, as a complement of the left-Marxist discourses as well as Lenin theories. The "Communist Party of Iran" used this idea in the 1920's. Afterward, other parties, e.g., the "Tudeh Party of Iran" and other leftist parties in Iran used that as the means of their political ends, causing violence and insecurity until 1980's. This paper tries to analysis the Ethnocentrism regarding its basic causes, which mainly is Marxism-Leninism, and shows that Ethnocentrism in Iran is highly influenced by leftist-Marxists discourses. The Research Methodology in this paper is descriptive-analytical and information gathering is based literature review. The main presumption of this paper is that the ethnicity is a part of Marxism-Leninism discourse whereas has been stated as the "National Question" in Left political context. consequently, The leftist parties and organizations used the ethnicity as a political-ideological tool.

Emotional identity is formed with expansion of interactions in cyberspace. attention to emotions from a social perspective is important because actors hide their real identities and replace it with a new self-respect act in their virtual communications. This research is formed with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method, and seeking access that people how to describe and their experience lives in building their emotional identity in cyberspace interactions. The research field is composed of young people who spend at least four hours of their time in cyberspace as "high-potential users" in Qom city. The data of this research were analyzed through premeditated sampling and deep interviewing technique with 25 people and using Van Manen's phenomenological analysis method. The findings show that emotional identity of individuals begins with a kind of control, and after assessing the position of the activists, there is a kind of dissociation in the content of the interaction. In the meantime, with their performance demonstration, they create a kind of fluidity in identity, and, in the end, the emotion of action happens. If the responses received by users are consistent with their identity standards, they will create positive emotions, otherwise they will be in a state of overthrow and elimination.

This study primarily aims to examine the place of religious determinants on ideal family size and childbearing desires that is identified as a vital issue of the contemporary world. This also applies to Iran as religion plays a crucial role in all individual and social aspects of life as well as the recent population policy related to family size and childbearing. The results of this analysis is based on a survey that includes 3667 males and females aged 15 years old and over living in rural and urban areas of Ahvaz, Babolsar, Bojnord, Khoramabad, Gonbad-Kavos, Mahmoudabad, and Hamadan. This analysis uses four major indicators in order to measure religious determinants: a self-assessment of religiosity, commitment to religious practices, attitudes towards women's dress codes (hijab)</em> and whether women should decide to wear veil. Generally speaking, the results of this analysis show that ideal family size is substantially and significantly affected by these four religious determinants: the stronger the latter, the higher the former.

cdvNational identity is the highest level of collective identity that shows the relationship between man and his country. The national identity is the process of consciously answering a question from one nation to itself, meaning the sense of belonging to the national community and the difference with others and others that leads to the unity and cohesion of a society. The present study examines some aspects of national identity. The method used in this research was survey using questionnaire technique. The statistical population of the study is young people belonging to the age group of 15-29 years old living in Kermanshah and Ilam, 800 of whom were selected as the statistical sample by applying a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The findings show a tendency towards the national identity of the people living in Kermanshah. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between the tendency toward national identity with gender and marital status, while there is no significant relationship with age and education of respondents.

Abraham Jackson, is an orientalist, researcher and professor at Columbia university, from 1895 wrote articles and books in the about orientalism. In 1903, he traveled to Iran and Central Asia. Resulting of his travels was the logbook named "Persia past and present" and about geographical, historical and archeological researching.This paper reviews the identifying elements of physical structure of Yazd in Qajar era and is accordance with the position of ancient city of Yazd, in the tenth century and Ibn-hoghal and Estakhri,s logbooks. The contents are in accordance with the historical and geographical possitions of Yazd basing on the architectural and urbanism, landscapes, urban qualities, access routes and associated buildings, roads, topography and socio-cultural elements. Moreover, the previous studies on this paper is very general and has simply descriptive purposes. The methodology of this research is descriptiveanalytical and some of the features and content of these inscriptions are investigated via field study and library sources. The results of this research show that Iran grew in the political, economical, socio-cultural and ... on the era.

Modernism took residential Architecture of Iran to a vague space in former century in which colonization willing has played fundamental role. This article wants to survey this colonization process in residential architecture space. The main question is why western governments initiated reforming residential architecture of Iran and domestic affairs. This article via historical-analytical approach has concluded that the multiple approaches of Iranians toward the nature of residential architecture plays a vital role in reassessment of the ideas of: consumption, sexuality, religion, class-based and nation’s identity. These ideas were the main objectives of colonization forces in that era. They changed the characteristics and features of Iranian’s home to reach their colonization goals in long term period. This research based on qualitative and interpretative method, as well as, data has been gathered from documentary technique.