مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال ششم شماره 2 (زمستان 1396)

Through focusing on and blending human capabilities and environmental management programs, Will have significant impacts on improving the environment. Since education and development are considered to be the facilitator of "Green Human Resource Management", this paper based on "Green Human Resource Management" approach attempts to identify and prioritize the requirements of "green training courses" held by organizations. An applied research in its goal, this paper benefits from group survey methodology. And 14 main education requirements were identified in this research based on performing an extended review of literature. Chosen according to snowball sampling, 10 education experts in Iran form the statistical population of the research; and utilizing five-level Likert scale we gathered their opinions. Using multi-criteria decision-making techniques as well as AHP-DEA-FCE model, out the 14 requirements, 8 are identified as the most significant ones. Additionally, the main requirements for improving employee's green behavior in educational courses were prioritized according to ANP model. As a result, Sustainable development, ISO14001 and green purchasing were identified as the most important and most effective needs or training courses. Accordingly, the managers of educational courses can benefit from the findings of this research to apply "Green Human Resource Management".

In this research, it has been tried to present a Sustainable Development Education Curriculum content design in Iran's Higher Education system.The research method was a qualitative case study. In this regard, with using a targeted approach and applying the theoretical saturation criterion, open interviews were conducted with 25 faculty members in the field of curriculum, agriculture, civil engineering and architecture from Shiraz University.The data obtained analyzed using Nvivo software and through thematic analysis , then clustered in three basic, organizing and global themes and thematic network were organized. The results of the analysis showed that,a matrix within the dimensions of Sustainable Development of higher education (environmental, social-cultural, institutional, economic) and curriculum Element (content) was formed. Then sustainable development education curriculum content design in Iran's Higher Education System (global theme) including dimensions of Social and cultural - content, environmental- content, economic- content, institutional- content (organizing themes) that each of which was found to have different dimensions (basic themes).

Social networking today is an important factor in influencing public opinion and directing social cultures. Despite the many environmental crises around the world, environmental issues have more socio-cultural content than technical terms. Therefore, the ultimate goal of environmental protection in relation to the social environment is the development and increase of environmental awareness at the community level and the strengthening of the environmental culture at various levels of implementation. Accordingly, the main objective of the research is to investigate the role of the social network of telegrams in the culture of environmental values and rocks that were selected through random sampling from the 19 areas of education in Tehran. Three of the 340 teachers were selected for statistical sample size. In this research, an Internet questionnaire was used which individuals were assessed using the content provided in environmental education. To obtain the research findings, Tavlandand, Chi-square and multivariate regression models were used. The results of the research show that there is a reverse relationship between the amount of use and the actual perception of the content in the telegram, and there is a significant positive relationship between the amount of participation and activity of teachers in the use of telegrams and the environment of teachers. That is, the more use is increased the cultural prominence of their environment decreases. The findings also point to the fact that teachers use the telegram to fit their cultural needs.

This study aims to achieve rural participation in the process of rural waste management practices among non-experimental and applied research was done on field. The population of the study consisted of rural households and sampling to fit the data and multi-stage random sampling. The sample of 181 households were selected using Cochran formula. The main tool for this research, questionnaire design and research background research is consistent with the theoretical model. as well software for data analysis and statistics are SPSS22 coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis was used. The results of priority and factor analysis also indicates that the training courses, buy garbage, transparency in costs are the most important factors in attractingof public Participation.

Reviewing drought literature among nomads revealed that, nomads’ copings mechanisms towards drought are affected by their attitude and perception of drought. Therefore, this survey study aims at investigating nomads’ attitude towards drought and analyzing its contributing factors. The main data gathering device was researcher made questionnaires which were fulfilled by face to face interviews conducted among 200 nomad households living at Derila region, Gachsaran County as the study population. Bartlett’s table was used to determine statistical sample size and 132 households were selected based on randomly quota sampling procedures. Face validity of questionnaires was confirmed by panel of experts and its internal consistency was- further assessed and confirmed by using Chronbach's alpha coefficient growing out of a pilot study (0.61-0.73). Results revealed that nomads held negative attitude toward drought and viewed it as a destroyer and at the same time as controllable phenomenon. Path analysis results showed that the most contribution to nomad's attitude was belonged to awareness towards drought by making direct and positive effect. Similar relations were also observed for number of livestock and household size factors, whereas the grazing capacity license and subjective norms had statistically negative direct effect on attitude towards drought. Finally, the practical suggestions were focused on public investment in order to present and improve farm based extension programs.

Today, environmental issues have created a serious threat to environmental sustainability of rural communities. In this respect, many experts believe that human behaviors are the most important cause of environmental problems that it is necessary to be examined carefully. Regarding the importance of the issue, the main objective of this descriptive- correlation research was to study of factors affecting villagers’ pro-environmental behavior based on theory of planned behavior. The statistical population of the research consisted of all villagers’ heads of households in Sojasroud district of Khodabandeh County in Zanjan Province (N= 2354). According to the Bartlett et al. (2001) Table, 259 of them were selected by a two-stage sampling method. Data collected using standard questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Construct validity and reliability of the research instrument were confirmed through examining of model fit in three levels of measurement model, structural model and total model. The descriptive results showed that the most of villagers’ pro-environmental behavior were at medium (58.5 percent) and low (29.3 percent) levels. Furthermore, the results indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between attitude, social norms and perceived behavioral control with intention to perform pro-environmental behavior. In addition to this, there was a positive and significant relationship between intention to perform pro-environmental behavior and social norms with villagers’ pro-environmental behavior. According to the results, it is suggested that villagers’ knowledge and awareness on methods and techniques of pro-environmental activities has been increased through the different extension mechanisms particularly holding the extension-education courses, and on the other hand, supportive policies to protect the environment to be made and implemented with emphasis on villagers participation.

The basis of the formation of international environmental law is based on soft law. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of the 1972 Stockholm Declaration on the process of teaching and institutionalization of the principles and concepts governing the environment by documentary method and as a descriptive-analytical research. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, as the first major conference on international environmental issues, stems from the rapid growth of global awareness of the international environment in the 1960s. Given the fact that the final document of this conference is in the category of non-binding documents, it is questionable whether this statement was valid in the process of education and the institutionalization of environmental rights. In this regard, due to the necessity of explaining more non-binding documents in international environmental law, it was attempted to study the documents and resources affected by the statement. Studies have shown that this statement, as a milestone in the process of education and development of environmental rights, recognizes the right to a healthy environment, has drawn close attention to the environment and fundamental human rights, and proposes the formation of international institutions , Such as UNEP and the Global Environment Facility, have integrated the process of global cooperation in the field of structural development and education of environmental rights, and by collecting common principles and concepts in a non-binding legal text, it's manifestation and ratification in the next binding documents Has provided.

Today, environmental issues have deeply social concept and totally environmental issues have cultural roots and in order to accept the cultural context of a society should be structured to deal with the issue. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The aim of this study was identifying the role of social and cultural factors affecting environmental protection in the citizens of Kashan. The statistical population included of 275325 people living in the old and new city of Kashan that by using Cochran sampling formula and with Cluster random sampling method selected 300 samples. The method is survey research by using self-made questionnaire. The results of the t-test indicated that the role of cultural capital, social solidarity, social participation, environmental knowledge, environmental education, religious education and cultural identity on the protection of the environment is significant. Also the results show that there is no significant relationship between the investment of cultural, socio-cultural identity and social cohesion and their impact on the environment. There is significant relationship between the social participation and social and cultural education on environmental issues and environmental protection; this means that whatever the social participation in society is more, the environmental protection by them more. As well as it is necessary to give training about environmental issues to members of society, especially young people and children, we will face with a group that cares more to the natural environment around themselves.

Arbia elements, and especially water, are the main elements of nature and one of the most critical phenomena that mankind faces with them and has found their necessity and importance. Water was always sacred in pre-Zoroastrian religions as well as in Zoroastrian religion, and the goddesses were protected it. A significant part of the mythology of ancient Iranian religions is devoted to water. In the cultural and biological system of the early periods of life, human beings have used certain methods for recognizing and introducing the phenomena of existence, one of which is myth. Myths are among the earliest initial cognitions and explanations of humankind to determine what is the status of the available and unknown elements of nature. In fact, they are the history of the fiction of different nations and the cultural system that expresses the general worldview of the world, its origin, the position of man in nature and part of the human epistemic system in the period of the beginning of human life. The scope of the functions of myth is often the recognition of human behavioral patterns in all its dimensions and the general justification of socio-cultural phenomena around it. In other words, myths are the symbolic image of the phenomena of nature in tangible and visible language, and the symbolic expression of social infrastructure and common thought in ancient and prehistoric that are reflected by associating with the rituals, behaviors, ethics and rules of the traditional social and family system. Thus, with myths, one can examine the cognitive system of a nation or religion and measure their views and actions. Accordingly, in this research, a descriptive-analytic approach has been used to express, first of all, with a brief overview of myth and their epistemic and ontological functions, to state what the water identity is in the beliefs of ancient Persians and in Iranian religions, especially Zoroastrianism, and cognitive functions about the Iranian's insight and their attitude toward this natural phenomenon.

The pro-environmental behavior is one of the most effective factors for protecting the environment. This behavior is influenced by many factors including individuals’ environmental attitudes and knowledge. This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between environmental knowledge with environmental behaviors with regard to the mediation role of environmental attitudes. This research has been conducted through survey method. The statistical population was 1850 agricultural students at Bu-Ali Sina University. Based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, a sample of 300 agricultural students was chosen through simple random sampling method. Data was collected using a standardized survey questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by agricultural extension and education experts, and its’ reliability was confirmed by pilot study and Cronbach’s Alpha. Results indicated that both objective and subjective environmental knowledge were correlated with environmental behavior. Furthermore, environmental attitudes mediated the relation between subjective environmental knowledge and environmental behavior. By investigating the relationships between subjective and objective environmental knowledge and environmental attitudes with environmental behaviors, greater insight is gained with regard to this behavior.