مجله مدیریت نوآوری
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 20، تابستان 1396)

Over the time, policy change and learning play a significant role in national decision making and improving transparency of policy situations. On this basis, current paper has concentrated on Iran's national development plans, as the major national mid-term developmental policies, to investigate policy learning and its mechanisms in the most crucial policy attempts to develop technology and innovation (T&I). Analyzing five past development plans led to selection of third to fifth plans as suitable case studies for this paper. After content analysis of relevant policy documents in addition to conducting seventeen interviews with key policy actors of development planning process related to T&I articles, sixteen major policy issues were extracted in which direct implications are apparent in at least two investigated plans. Dominant share of policy learning belongs to political and technical learning with eight and seven frequencies respectively. Dominancy of political learning, as the most irrelevant type of policy learning, reflects low maturity of learning in T&I policy actors in Iran. Technical and conceptual learning (with seven and five occurrences) refer to relatively successful policy endeavors that are being tried to be improved or continued, usually by low- and mid-level policy actors. Two key cases of identified social learning unveil effective role of public media and policy experts to widen and strengthen the discourse on innovation- and knowledge-based development.

Many scholars focus on the effects of policies that make to response to market failures and systems. To understanding behavior of the firm as a result of government interventions, they have tried to develop the concept of Behavioral Addtionality in Innovation Policy Assessment. This research emphasis on Innovation Capability and its Micro-Foundations as indicators of the firms’ behavior that is less attention by scholars. Therefore, we attempt to evaluate the effects of three regulatory policies (Generic plan, Pricing system and tariff system) on innovative behavior (Innovation capability and Performance) in Iranian pharmaceutical companies. This study is a cross-sectional study using Multi-Case study strategy and cognitive-analytic tool, the effect of regulatory policies on three levels of five policy objectives, Micro-Foundation of Innovation Capability and Innovative Performance. Also, using the sensitivity analysis of the effects of the following 26 scenarios, the three levels of the component have been considered. The results show that although these policies are aimed at policy goals of Market Expansion, Availability Enhancement, and Value Chain Improvement, as well as on the process innovation, they have been able to create patterns in the innovation and management intelligence of firms, but their negative effects on Quality Promotion, R&D Motivation as well as product innovation.

Supply-side innovators play an important role in the success of a platform and in increasing the number of its users. This paper takes on the perspective of the innovators and looks the goals they have in mind when participating in the platform ecosystem and the factors that enable this participation. This research is comprised of small, Iranian companies in the software industry. This paper uses a qualitative approach and utilizes a multiple case study method. Data is collectd using 42 semi-structured interviews with 26 small companies that develop Android/ IOS- based applications. Secondary information, including news and interviews published in web concerning the innovation of the companies, is utilized as well, in order to supplement the interviews. The collected data is analyzed based on the qualitative content analysis method in the open coding and axial coding stages. The findings indicate that, the supply-side innovators’ goals in platform ecosystem participation, are: business expansion, customer access, customer accountability, credit increase, cost savings, and focus on innovation. Resource sharing, platform leadership, rules and regulations competency, maturity of investors and business partners are also identified as the main factors that enable the innovator’s participation given their own perspective.

Choosing appropriate approach to brand name is on of the important factors influencing new product success. At first glance it may seem that it is better new products supplied with a new brand to cover early adopters. But about so innovative product, risk causes this approach be not efficient. In This research, using survey and a questionnaire, comments of 170 Tehran's big store's consumers about cleaning and hygiene products, collected. The main question of research is: "what are the consumer models for choosing a new product regarding its brand name?". Results show that early adopters choose radical innovation with new brand and current products with current brand, but there is no similar pattern for incremental innovations. In the section of other adopters, current product with current brand name and incremental innovation with brand development are rational, but about radical innovation, there is two contrasting pattern: current brand to reduce risk and choose the product, and completely new brand to distinguish new product from current product and not choose it.

Demand-driven innovation policy is a relatively new feild of study in the science and technology policy. Demand-driven innovation policy is a set of public measures to boost demand for innovation, improvement of the conditions for perception of innovation or improvement of demand articulation in order to encourage and dissemination of innovation. This article by using of meta-synthesis method seeks to provide a new classification of policy tools introduced in the studies in this field. So, according to meta-synthesis method 252 articles have been found from official academic sites and have been investigated and finally 105 article have been selected to analyse. Anlayse of articles and the meta-synthesis results indicates that the innovation demand-side stimulation tools can be catagorized in three main them from the prespective that which applicant is concerned. This three catagories are: policies that stimulate the government demand (B2G), policies that stimulate the private demand (B2C), and policies that stimulate the large businesses demand (B2B). The analysis of this study show that in the first category, the quantity of the articles and introduced tools is relatively very high. Also in the third category less studies have been done and practical and detailed tools have not been presented .So there is a research gap in third category that needs to research more.

Increasing the level of productivity of factors of production is one of the most important factors influencing the growth and development of economies of the countries. In addition, according to the viewpoint of many economists, in addition to physical capital, human capital growth and, consequently, productivity The workforce is important in the process of economic development. On the other hand, based on theories of endogenous economic growth, internal R & D activities as an indicator of the level of innovation lead to more efficient use of existing resources and the absorption of advanced foreign technology in the production of goods and services business and, finally, improve the productivity of upgrading production Find out. Considering the importance of the issue, this research attempts to investigate of the contributing factors to the Efficancy of Iranian labor force and their selected commercial partners during the years 2014 to 2004 using Pan-Data method has it. The results indicate that life expectancy and human capital variables with the coefficient of 30.74 and 0.19 have the highest and the least impact on the productivity index of the workforce. Also, the R & D expenditure variable with a coefficient of 1.71 has a positive effect on labor productivity, although, according to the important position of this variable, little attention has been paid to it.