فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 26، پاییز 1396)

Rural tourism, and consequently second home tourism, can be regarded as the outcome of great economic, social, and cultural development in the society after World War II, such that in our country, especially in mountainous areas beside large cities, also in the shores of Caspian Sea, the number of vacational second homes -primarily used for spending one's leisure time- has significantly increased over last few decades. This study aims at investigating the impact of second home tourism on physical development of rural settlements in Kelardasht County. This is an applied research carried out with a descriptive-analytical method. We benefited library research and field works for data collection. The population included 9 rural settlements situated in Kelardasht County, with a significantly impressive construction of second homes. using Cochran formula, 200 sample households were randomly selected from rural residents and the owners of the rural second homes. Reviewing the dimensions and indices of research variables showed that the highest value in 'promoting rural tourism' (2.50) was related to the village of Paye- qale), and the highest value in the variable of 'physical development of rural settlement's was related to the village of Taeb Kala had (3.09). Besides, the impact intensity of the variable of rural tourism development on physical development of second homes, has been achieved about 40 percent, while it is 44.4 percent in rural communities, and about 24.5 percent among of second home's owners; representing the average impact of second homes tourism on the studied area. According to the step-by-step regression test, in the second step, the index of creating new jobs (with the co-efficient 12 percent), had the highest impact; and the index of new construction (with the co-efficient 8.6 percent) was in the second place, associated with tourism.

Economic, social and political development in the local, regional, national and international scale; also, the consequences of rural underdevelopment, such as widespread poverty, high inequality, rapid population growth, unemployment, migration, etc., have led to focusing on rural development, and even placing its priority over urban development. So, rural development is a multidimensional process, ensuring the permanent improvement of life ('s quality) in rural society. Thus, considering the cultural and social capital, as the capital leading to resource's stability and economic benefits, also, the good governance -promoting interaction between people and the state- becomes more and more necessary. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of social capital on good governance and stability of rural communities, by the mediating role of cultural capital in the Godin vill. Using Cochran's formula, our statistical society is calculated 240, and using multistage cluster sampling method, the required data was gathered through distributing questionnaires among villagers. The proposed model was evaluated through Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) and AMOS18 software. The hierarchical regression method in SPSS software was used to investigate the mediator's effects between good rural governance and stability. Findings of the research indicate that the proposed model is relatively suitable. They also indicate that the indirect effects of social capital on social-economic stability -by the mediating role of good rural governance- are significant. Hierarchical regression also showed that cultural capital mediates the relationship between a good rural governance and socio-cultural stability.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of border markets in rural areas to promote socio-economic indicators frontier in 3 KhawMirabad district, zarivar and Sarkol is in the township of Marivan. The research purpose is cross-functional and in terms of data collection. For collecting information and documents in the field of survey based on a questionnaire and interviews were used. The study population consisted of 3094 people, of whom 360 subjects were selected. The validity of the questionnaire, alpha coefficient, was 0.74 percent, also with 30 subjects to complete the findings, in-depth individual interviews took place. The surveyed villages in three categories based on the distance from the border (distance, intermediate and near) classification and 18 villages (in each 6 villages) were selected as examples. In order to analyze the data from one sample t test, chi-square test and ANOVA test was used on spss software, as well as for spatial analysis and map generation based on statistical data, clustering methods with low / lot, spatial autocorrelation analysis of hot spots and IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) in the GIS software is used. The results show that border markets have Could not frontier in terms of economic indicators on rural areas have good performance. As is expressed in the research, border markets on the border villages in the medium distance (15-5Kylvmtry) more effective than the remote villages of the border and near the border have had. But the markets have in the promotion of social indicators, including social participation, the spirit of teamwork and social interaction with neighboring villages and Iraq also have a positive impact. Also, the presence of non-native people in villages near the border have increased significantly.

Competitiveness is one of the most important concerns of business and activity in urban dynamics and urban regeneration. In recent years, competition has become an economic concept that influences the development of tourism and travel industry. Therefore the main purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of historical district in promoting the competitiveness of tourism in Birjand. The research method is descriptive-analytical and a practical type. According to the indicators of the World Economic Forum a questionnaire tool is designed. In questionnaire Likert scale is being used. The information is collected randomly from available tourists. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and one sample T test. The results indicate that the average of accessory component of the historical district is (12,1257) and it is higher than the average limit, and its status is at the desirable level. The components of tourism capacity, urban branding, environmental experience, the originality of the space, cultural development, the quality of housing and building, the qualities of environment, and the performance of the general part are not in desirable condition. But urban marketing and security components need to underlying plans and should be prioritized. The most important and practical suggestion of research is the increasing attention to tourism services and investigating public part and the municipality to promoting tourism services and removing deficiencies, brand registration, advertising and marketing for the historical district of the city of Birjand.

city's form, is a container in which urban activities take place. The importance of the city's form is due to the functions that has for resident; including Its important functions are the amount of access. The purpose of this study, is measure the relationship between the form and the level of access at the neighborhood level of Babolsar. Research in terms of nature is descriptive-analytical and according to the purpose is practical. Data and information are extracted from the statistical blocks of the Statistics Center and land use maps of the municipality SPSS and GIS have been used to classify them. To measure the form three density, congestion and mixing indicators and 10 related variables were used and Hansen's attraction model was used to calculate the access indicator. The results of Pearson correlation test showed a direct and significant relationship between the form and access (r = 0.668) and compaction has a direct impact on the increase in access rates. This issue is most visible in the central regions of the city; so that the more densely populated areas are, the amount of access increases dramatically. Based on the results, the three main indicators of form have a direct and significant effect on the access indicator, due to their differences in different locations, the result was an imbalance in the spatial structure of Babolsar. Another interesting finding of this study is the high proportion of ownership of automobiles in densely populated areas of Babolsar over peripheral regions, this can be contradicted by the principle of the pedestrian, which is one of the important principles of achieving the city's sustainable form.

Housing is one of the basic needs of human life, which is indicative of the socioeconomic status of people, the general well-being of society and one of the indicators of development and by providing a sense of satisfaction, has an effective role in improving the quality of life. Rented social housing is conditional on the provision of housing for low income and vulnerable populations in metropolises, including Shiraz, from the second development program. The purpose of this study was to analyze the satisfaction of residents of social housing for rent on condition of ownership in Shiraz metropolis. The research type is descriptive, analytical, and survey based on the objective, applied-development, and nature and method. The data and data required for research have been collected using documentary and field methods. The statistical society consists of residential housing complexes, provided that the number and sample size of the units studied are 348 samples. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-sample t-test. Findings of the research indicate that the level of resident's satisfaction in all dimensions and indices in Shiraz metropolis is high. After performing a single-sample t-test, the mean in the social dimension was 3.32, in the economic dimension, 3.50, in the environmental dimension, 56.3, in the infrastructural dimension-29.3 and in the access dimension equal to 34 / 3. Among the important reasons are high level of satisfaction of inhabitants in the studied complexes; adaptation of the base and economic and social status of residents of the selection and residence in these complexes. Also, the results indicate that social housing is subject to the provision of housing loans for low income groups in the metropolitan area of Shiraz.