فصلنامه آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 44، زمستان 1396)

Essential oils as growth stimulants play an important role in improving intestinal microflora and morphological properties and immune system in broiler chickens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Ziziphora (Ziziphora tenuior L.) essential oils on intestinal microflora of broilers. For this purpose, 468 one day old male broilers (308 Ross strain) were divided into 13 treatments with 3 replicates (12 chicks per replicate). The treatments were administrated Thyme, Ziziphora and a mixture of both essential oils in two levels (0.15% and 0.3% of diet) using two routes of drinking water and food and studied from the age of 10 to 42 days. Two birds were selected from each replicate at 42 days old and were slaughtered after 12 hours of starvation. Then, a piece of ileum of each chick was cut for counting the microbial population and was transferred to the laboratory. Total counting of coliform and lactobacillus for each sample was performed and the results were analyzed with SPSS software. Total counting of coliform were the least in groups fed with 0.3% of mixture of Thyme and Ziziphora but it didn’t show significant difference in comparison with the control group. Total counting of lactobacillus were the most in groups fed with 0.3% of mixture of Thyme and Ziziphora in feed and it showed significant difference in comparison with the control group (p

Recently, drugs of natural origin have been considered for treatment of diabetes. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is an important endemic Iranian medicinal plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oil extract of purslane seeds on insulin resistance indices in mice. In this study 30 adult mice were divided into five groups of six: (1) Negative control (non- diabetic), (2) positive control (diabetic), (3) purslane seeds extract control (non-diabetic), (4) 150 (mg/kg) oil extract of purslane seeds (diabetic) and (5) 300 (mg/kg) oil extract of purslane seeds (diabetic). Pursulane extract was gavaged to groups 3, 4 and 5 for one month. After this period, diabetes induction was performed by injection of streptozocin in 2nd, 4th and 5th groups. After two months, blood samples were taken and the indices were measured and analyzed statistically. The overall period of the study was 3 months. Oil extract of purslane seeds decreased serum glucose significantly in diabetic groups in comparison to positive diabetic group (p

Pregnancy toxemia of ewes is a metabolic disease caused by glucose deficiency in mothers in response to rapid increases in fetal requirements. The objective of this study was evaluation of some blood elements and metabolites and cortisol levels in pregnant Ghezel ewes at Khalatposhan research station. In this study, blood samples were taken from 50 pregnant ewes at three times, before mating, during pregnancy and before lambing. Thereafter, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, urea and total protein levels were measured using the spectrophotometric method and blood cortisol concentration using the Elisa method. The effect of parity on serum glucose concentration was significant (p

Echinococcus granulosus is the cause of zoonotic disease hydatidosis in humans and animals. Considering the importance of ruminants including sheep in preservation and transmission of the parasite to definitive hosts and humans, this study was conducted to preliminary evaluate the excretory-secretory products of protoscolices and the germinal layer in order to carry out serologic tests. In this study, the reaction of the antigen of the cyst fluid and the excretory-secretory products of the germinal layer and protoscolices was evaluated in the presence of serum prepared from sheep and mice infected by hydatidosis. Blood required for preparation of the infected and uninfected sera was collected from 100 sheep during slaughtering and the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test was carried out on blood samples. In sheep samples infected with hydatid cyst, 80%, 72% and 92% of the sera showed positive reaction using the antigens of the hydatid fluid, excretory-secretory products of protoscolices and the germinal layer respectively and in 5 samples of mice sera experimentally infected with hydatid cyst positive reaction was seen in 80% of sera using the hydatid cyst fluid, 80% using the antigen of the excretory-secretory products of protoscolices and 100% using the antigen of germinal layer. According to the findings of this study, the antigen of excretory-secretory products of germinal layer has a higher sensitivity in detecting infected samples which should be evaluated further in more detailed studies.

Dermatophytosis is a zoonotic skin infection with Trichophyton verrucosum being the main strain responsible for the infection in cattle. The disease occurs mainly in young animals (calves) and it usually spreads between animals through direct contact with a host via infected vegetative structures such as hyphae and spores of the fungus. In March2017, investigations in a dairy farm around Tehran showed that dermatophytosis lesions were present not only in calves but also in heifers and dairy cows. Lesions were usually seen as grayish white crusts in various sizes but they were distinct, limited and thick and the area had hair loss. Pustular lesions protruding as small scabs from the skin surface were seen less frequently. Direct microscopic examination of skin samples were negative for mites but positive for the fungi components such as hyphae and arthroconidiate. The macroscopic properties of fungi strain on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium was as button-like small colonies with white to creamy color, velvet-like surface consistency and a white underside. The microscopic characteristics were long and irregular hyphae with many chained chlamydoconidia which are the diagnostic characteristics of Trichophyton verrucosum. Finally, the infected animals were treated with a 10% solution of sodium iodide at the dose of 1g/14Kg intravenously. This report indicated that Trichophyton verrucosum was responsible for fungal infection at various age groups in the dairy farm therefore it can be concluded that adults as well as young animals are susceptible to the infection and the disease causes damaging effects on growth and the production of milk and meat.

Platelet rich fibrin is a platelet concentrate which could influence wound healing due to the release of growth factors. The purpose of this study was macroscopic evaluation of the effect of topical platelet rich fibrin on second intention cutaneous wound healing. For this purpose, 14 adult male dogs were used. Four full thickness 2.5 × 2.5 cm wounds were created on the back of each animal either side of the vertebral column. The left and right side wounds were used as treatment and control respectively. Postoperatively, the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialization and wound healing were calculated on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 and the means were compared between the two groups using the independent sample t-test at 95% significance level. The results indicated that on day 28, percentage of wound contraction was insignificantly lower in the treatment group (44.03±6.15 vs. 49.26±10.09) while epithelialization was insignificantly higher (85.90±10.32 vs. 66.24±13.45) in comparison to the control group. Also the percentage of wound healing was significantly (p=0.03) higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (92.55±5.14 vs. 83.85±3.69). Overall, the results indicated that platelet rich fibrin improves macroscopic aspects of second intention cutaneous wound healing.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are one of the most important factors in the formation of embryonic damages. These damages include intra-uterine growth retardation, intra-uterine fetal death, embryonic absorption and preterm birth and are associated with oxidative stress caused by lipopolysaccharides. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of vitamin E on lipopolysaccharide induced fetal damages in the rat. In this study, 48 pregnant rats were selected and allocated to 4 groups. In groups 1 and 2, 75 µgr/kg of lipopolysaccharides were injected intraperitoneally on day 15 to 17 of pregnancy. A week before administration of lipopolysaccharides to rats of groups 2 and 3, they received 20 mg/kg of intramuscular vitamin E daily. Group 4 received normal saline intraperitoneally as a control group. In day 18 of pregnancy all mice were euthanized. In each animal, the number of live and dead embryos were counted. Then the live fetuses were weighed and the length of crown–rump, metacarpus, metatarsus, anterior phalanges, posterior phalanges and sternum were determined. In addition, the amounts of malondialdehyde and glutathione were measured in maternal and embryonic liver and placenta. Administration of lipopolysaccharides significantly increased fetal mortality and reduced fetal weight, length of the tail and crown–rump, live embryos and skeletal ossification of the metacarpus, metatarsus, anterior and posterior phalanges and sternum. Results showed that simultaneous administration of vitamin E and lipopolysaccharides reduced damages and improved respective injuries in mice embryos.

Acute clinical mastitis resulting from udder infections and reduced resistance to pathogenic organisms is an important issue in cattle production. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of subclinical mastitis as a first step in prevention of hygienic and economic losses. Daily milk samples were collected every morning after milking and mixed with equal volume of mastitis test reagent and the mixture was rotated in a figure of 8 fashion for a few minutes. Presence of subclinical mastitis was confirmed by clotting of this mixture. The collected samples from each milking were sent to the microbiology laboratory alongside ice for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests. Results indicated that the highest number of isolated bacteria consisted of Corynebacteria (12.54%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.92%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4.62%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4.62%), Staphylococcus epidermis (3.3%), Bacillus (2.64%) and Streptomyces (1.98%). Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed the greatest susceptibility to gentamicin and resistance to penicillin indicating the presence of resistance in isolated bacteria against commonly used antibiotics like penicillin, streptomycin and to some extent tetracycline but susceptibility towards the lesser used gentamicin was high.