نشریه اکوفیتو شیمی گیاهان دارویی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 20، زمستان 1396)

In this research to evaluate the effect of sprying of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg/l) and jasmonic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants As well as physiological traits 5 genotype of Satureja hortensis L. factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments were conducted at four leaf stage on the aerial parts of the plants and then were harvested 48 hours after spraying. At first were extracted from shoots and then all traits; enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and physiological traits were measured by using a spectrophotometer. Analysis of variance showed that the interaction of spraying different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and jasmonic acid, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, total protein, flavonoids, anthocyanins and total phenolics were significant at the 1% level. The highest catalase (0.0536 mg per gram of fresh weight) at doses of 30 mg per liter in Tabriz plant genotype nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and 150 mMjasmonic acid per liter;Most of ascorbate peroxidase (0.0514 mg per gram of fresh weight) in plant genotypes in concentrations of 60 mg per liter Ardestān nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and 50 mMjasmonic acid;Most peroxidase activity (0.000494 mg per gram of fresh weight) at a concentration of 60 mg per liter in genotype Savory Ardestān nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and 150 mMjasmonic acid; The highest polyphenol oxidase (0.0628 mg per gram of fresh weight) in Tabriz genotypes in treatments of 30 mg of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and zero (control) M jasmonic acid was obtained.Savory population most effective physiological traits, Savory Rey, the antioxidant enzyme, Savory Ardestan and Tabriz and the non-enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanins, phenols and flavonoids) Savory Mashhad. The results of this study showed that nano-titanium and jasmonic caused time and non-enzymatic antioxidant and physiological Savory is the most effective hormone levels nanoparticles of titanium, 30 ppm and jasmonic acid was 50 micro molar.

In order to study the effects of applying chemical and biofertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss., a factorial CRD experiment including 18 treatments with 4 replications, was conducted at Imam Khomeini International University research greenhouse. The treatments were: vermicompost (0, 10 and 20 V/V), phosphate biofertilizer (application and no-application) and chemical fertilizer (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended amount equal to 0, 0.48 and 0.96 gr/pot respectively).The essential oil was extracted by hydro distilation method by using a clevenger apparatus and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, number of inflorescences per plant, fresh and dry weight and the highest percentage of essential oil were obtained as a result of using 20% vermicompost. Plants treated by 50% of recommended NPK% vermicompost showed the highest rate of photosynthesis and transpiration. The maximum nitrogen concentration in leaf tissue was obtained from applying 100% of the recommended amount of NPK渪⦆謩薫. Applying 100% recommended NPK% vermicompost, resulted in higher phosphorus concentration in leaves. The highest concentration of potassium in leaves was obtained from plants treated with 20% vermicompost. 26 different compounds were identified in the essential oil among them limonene and verbenone were the main components. The highest amounts of these two compounds were obtained under 20% vermicompost treatment. According to the results vermicompost is an efficient substitute for chemical fertilizers in production of D.kotschyi.

Recent progress in preparing the aromatic fragrance with new technology, including methods of trapping by Headspace trapping techniques (HTT) can be cited. In this study the design and manufactured of fragrance absorption by Vacuum headspace (VHS) were recorded with authors and then the device to absorb aromas (herbs) were selected in three aromatic species (Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet; Polianthes tuberose L. and Rosa damascene Mill.) and the chemical compounds of absorb aromas were analyzed by by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the chrysanthenone (28.8%), santolina ( 22.9% ), undecanal (21.9%) and n-tridecane (11.9% ) were the main volatile components identified in Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet while in Rosa × damascena Herrm. Include: santolina (65%) (E)-2-hexenal (18%) and cis-pinene hydrate (3.5%.). In finaly the 2,4-(E, E)-hexadienal (83.4%), 3-octanol acetate (3.8%) and propyl butyrate (3.6% ) were the main component in Polianthes tuberose L. respectively. According to these results, data were confirmed that in this method we can distinguish these aromatic compounds from plants economically with this technique are advised.

In recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some root essential oils of Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of root essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. These plants were collected in June 2016 from Dogaheh region of Rudbar (1700 m) in Gilan province. The essential oils were obtained by water distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by (GC/MS) .The phenolic contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),total phenols and flavonoids were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was also evaluated by 1, 1 -diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique. The findings showed that the main compounds of the A. millefolium essential oil include :β-thujone (18.83%), δ-cadinene (16.87%) and boneol (14.51%), whereas the most abundant compounds in the A. biebersteiniioil were 1,8-cineol (28.82%), p-cimene (15.12%) and camphor (8.34%). According to results, although the total flavonoid content in Achilleamillefolium (54.75 mg/ml oil) was lower than A.biebersteinii (72.33 mg/ml oil), it had the highest antioxidant activity (74%).

Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoniis a perennial herb belongs to Asteraceae family. The plant has been cultivated in all over of the world for its sweetener compounds such as: steviol glycosides. In this study to evaluate the effects of cold stress (4ºC) combined with polyamine supplement on some phytochemical parameters an experiment was carried out in a randomized design with three replications. The phytochemical measurement were obtained by spectrophotometery methods consisted of Folinciocalteu method for tanins-phenols, aluminium chloride method for flavonoids, Anthon reagent for soluble sugars and spectrophotometer for anthocyanins and steviol glycosides. The treatments were conducted in six groups contained of cold and cold-polyamine treatments in 0, 48 and 96-hours of cold courses. The measurements were performed on the plant leaves at vegetative stage at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in May 2017. The results showed that the cold stress tends to a significant increase in all of measured parameters at p≤0.05. This increase was higher in the cold-polyamine treated plants than cold only treated groups of the plant. The results indicated that total soluble sugar and steviol glycosides were increased 233 and 35 percent, respectively, than control at 96-h cold combined with polyamine treatment. At same treatment, total flavonoid, anthocyanin, total phenol and tannin contents were increased up to 40, 100, 20 and 66 percentage than control, as well as. At the same plant group, the plant antioxidant potential was also elevated 20 percentage than control ones. It can be concluded thatcombined treatment of Stevia rebaudiana with cold and polyamine supplement can induced the secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the plant and hence might be tend to a considerably increasing in the plant pharmaceutical potential.

In this study, the effects of pretreatment irradiation power and time of microwave on total phenolic content , oxidative stability and the physicochemical properties of Cannabis oil, which included: extraction efficiency, acidity values, refractive and color index were studied by a completely randomized design in the form of 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of applied microwave irradiation power (180, 540 and 900 W) and three microwave time levels (90, 180 and 270 seconds) and three replications. The hemp seeds were supplied from animal feed store in Gonbad kavous city in early spring of 2017 and oils were obtained by using spiral press .The SAS software was used for data analysis. The results were showed that with increasing microwave power, the oil extraction efficiency, acidity, color index, oxidative stability and total phenol increased significantly (p

Antioxidants metabolites which are protect the body against damage caused by free radical activity. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, which have a high antioxidant power. Karela (Momordica charantia L.) is an herb belonging to Cucurbitaceae family, consisted of phenolic compounds which can act as antioxidant. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different solvents (methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform) on total phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activities of Karela in Sistan region in 2016. Different extracts of plant parts ( Root, leaves and fruit) were obtained by different solvents by maceration method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by Folin–Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extracts were determined by using Diphenyl Picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The results were showed that the highest phenolic content was observed in fruit and leaf methanol extract (36.96±1.33 and 33.01±3.03 mg gallic acid/g DW respectively) and the least amount of phenol was extracted by ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform which was less than 1 mg/g DW. The highest flavonoid content was observed in leaf acetone and methanol extract (10.95±1/97 and 10.03±2.2 mg quercitin/g DW respectively). Fruit methanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity than other extracts in three methods. Based on results of this research, Karela fruit can be suggested as useful source of natural antioxidants.

Dracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual herb belongs to Lamiaceae family, which has been used to treat of gastrointestinal, liver disorders and headaches.In this study, flowering branches of plant were collected from the greenhouse of the university of Sistan and Baluchestan in March 2016. The methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of plant were obtained by using maceration method. The amount of total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods and the antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined by FRAP and DPPH methods. The results were showed that the phenolic and flavonoid contents different of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were (82.10, 71.8and33.65 mg GAE/g) and (34.02, 28.8and1.02mg QUE/g), respectively. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity by DPPH, the inhibitory power of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were (11.60, 34.93 and 298.96 μg/ml) respectively, and (14.23, 8.20 and 1.01 mM Fe2 mg) respectively, sample in FRAP assay. The methanol extract of plant had the greatest content of phenolic (82.10 mg GAE / g), flavonoids (34.02 mg QUE/g) and anthocyanin(113.55μg/g) and antioxidant activity compared to ethanol and aqueous extracts, especially it also had the greatest DPPH inhibitory power (IC50= 11.60 μg/ml).