نشریه مطالعات تاریخی جنگ
سال یکم شماره 2 (زمستان 1395)

Armenia has captured a part of Azerbaijan's territory on the basis of its free interpretation of the right of nations to self-determination. Despite numerous efforts by various states and institutions, the two sides have not reached an agreement over this issue. Nevertheless, the question that arises is that is Armenia with a free interpretation of self-determination rightful to blemish on the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan? In response to this claim, it is argued that because of the importance of the territorial integrity principle in international law any violation of this law is illegitimate. Thus, the present article, taking a legal approach to this political and historical issue, studied nation's self-determination right and territorial integrity principle, and concluded that according to nation's principle of territorial integrity and the right to self-determination under international law, any action against this principle is illegitimate and Armenians living in Karabakh can only enjoy the provisions of international law.

Writing memories of the Holy Defense has appealed to many authors in recent years. A reason for the significance of the memories of this 8-year warfare has been the effort to grasp the "macro narrative" in the oral memories of the Holy Defense. In the historical narrations of the Holy Defense, it turns out that there exists a mixture of several discourses including oral history, history, micro narrative, analysis and description at a large scale. One of the main reasons for this diversity of views and hence the plurality of writing is the prevalence of narrating memories without carrying out research and conforming to writing styles.
In the present critical study, Memories of Haft Sotoun were analyzed and reviewed, aiming at depicting the most important threats to oral memory and highlighting common defects in other kinds of narrations of oral memories. Some of the most important threats of writing memories lie in the format how narratives are transmitted. They comprise an intertwined set of the narrative style, narrative and structural elements that exist in the memories collection analyzed and in most oral memories.

At the arrival of World War I's invading forces to Iran, the central government was incapable of protecting borders since neither had it a coherent integrated political structure nor an efficient army to prevent the invasions. At that time, a large part of Iran's population constituted tribes and nomads who by paying taxes enjoyed relative independence in their own territory. It is assumed that domestic autonomy, the military strength of nomads and tribes, and the lack of central supervision forced them to respond to invaders, the analysis of which is the concern of the present article. This study aims at answering the following questions: “How did the West Iran's nomads and tribes react against the invaders in World War I?” How did the intervention of the nomads and tribes in the discords among and quarrels between the involved forces in the war affect their situation and the tribal structure of the country? The results of the study show that during World War I the West Iran’s nomads had double standards in line with their vested interests, and through their policy of enticing and encouraging the invaders: once they took side with the Axis Powers and sometimes with the Allied Powers. The results also indicate that although fueling the war left them casualties and financial losses, it brought them with increased autonomy.

Writing memories of the Holy Defense has appealed to many authors in recent years. A reason for the significance of the memories of this 8-year warfare has been the effort to grasp the "macro narrative" in the oral memories of the Holy Defense. In the historical narrations of the Holy Defense, it turns out that there exists a mixture of several discourses including oral history, history, micro narrative, analysis and description at a large scale. One of the main reasons for this diversity of views and hence the plurality of writing is the prevalence of narrating memories without carrying out research and conforming to writing styles.
In the present critical study, Memories of Haft Sotoun were analyzed and reviewed, aiming at depicting the most important threats to oral memory and highlighting common defects in other kinds of narrations of oral memories. Some of the most important threats of writing memories lie in the format how narratives are transmitted. They comprise an intertwined set of the narrative style, narrative and structural elements that exist in the memories collection analyzed and in most oral memories.

victory at the Battle of Malazgirt (463 A.H / 1071 A.D) undoubtedly had an undeniable impact on the formation of the Seljuk of Rûm government, but almost a hundred years after the establishment of the Sultanate of Rûm, King Kilij Arsalan II in 572 A.H / 1176 A.D. through defeating the Byzantine Empire in another battle in a place named Myriokephalon took new steps for establishing more security and peace and by extension improving the politico-the cultural status of the territory of the Sultanate of Rûm. The present study, using a comparative analysis, sought to portray the political effects and hence the cultural effects of victories in these battels, as two turning points in the history of the Seljuk rule. Thus, the research question is that what impacts the Turkmen Seljuk victories at the Battle of Malazgirt and the Battle of Myriokephalon has had on the politico-cultural condition of the Sultanate of Rûm's territory. The results show that although the victory in the Battle of Malazgirt has been an important turning point for Turkmen people for their flow to Anatolia and the formation of the rule of the Seljuk of Rûm, the victory in the Battle of Myriokephalon with no doubt has had undeniable impacts on the political stability, social security, and as a result, the cultural boom of Anatolia.

The main concern of this study was to investigate diplomatic obstacles in the implementation of Wilson`s the Fourteen Points in Europe World War I. Following World War I, delegates of the victorious countries gathered in Paris to establish peace in Europe on the basis of Wilson`s the Fourteen Points. The fulfillment of this aim faced serious diplomatic obstacles during peace negotiations. The present article thus attempted at answering this question that what the Fourteen Points aimed at and what diplomatic obstacles it faced in Europe after World War I. The hypothesis of this research is founded on the idea that the Fourteen Point's concentration on idealistic objectives regardless of the political realities of Europe after World War I led to the failure of attaining the objectives of the Fourteen Points.
The results of this study, carried out using the historical method, indicates that the incompatibility of Wilson`s the Fourteen Points with the diplomatic realities of after-war Europe, its incongruity with the interests of big European powers and the lack of agreement between the way peace negotiations were held up and presided, with the first principle of the Fourteen Points were the decisive diplomatic obstacles failing the fulfillment of the aims of the Fourteen Points in Europe.