نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، بهار 1397)

Inroduction & Organic and inorganic acids can affect the reproduction and growth of soil living organisms through the influence of some soil characteristics such as pH and electrical conductivity, or by changing the solubility of some solid soil compositions. Application of these acids as calcareous soil conditioner is common placein Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic acids on the physiology of reproduction and growth of earthworms, soil fauna, and microbial communities in calcareous soil.
This experiment was conducted in a laboratory on a calcareous soil in special containers in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. Citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid at a concentration of 5 and 10 m M , a mixture of three organic acids, each with a concentration of 33.3 mM, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, each with a concentration of 5 mM was used. Containers containing 1 kg of soil were placed at room temperature for 20 days. At the end, the number of soil fauna and population of the microbial community were counted in each treatment. A separate experiment was designed to study the growth and reproduction of the earthworm. To the mixture of soil and fresh cow manure, treatments were applied and inoculated with earthworm and placed at room temperature for 56 days. At the end, the total number of juvenile worms, adult worms and cocoons and total worms were measured.
According to the results, the use of acids reduced pH and increased electrical conductivity in soils. Phosphoric acid and citric acid increased the number of earthworm cocoons, but other acids decreased the number. Citric acid increased the number of juvenile worms, but other treatments reduced the number of juvenile worms. Phosphoric acid reduced the number of adult worms but increased their weight. In other treatments, the number and weight of earthworms decreased. The use of organic and inorganic acids reduced the reproduction of nematodes, amoebae, flagellates and ciliates. The population of bacteria and fungi in all acids increased, except for sulfuric acid.
The results showed that organic and inorganic acids, affect the population of earthworms, soil fauna and microbial communities by reducing the pH of the soil and increasing the dissolution of minerals or action as a nutrient or growth inhibitor, , which is different depending on the type of acids and their concentration.

Inroduction & Arabibarbusgrypus is one of the economic valuable native species that the aim of the project is to assay the effectiveness of LHRHa2 combined with carp pituitary extract(3 steps way) and carp pituitary extract(2 steps way) on some histologic and reproductive indexes,estrogen, progesterone and testosterone hormone in male and female.
Methods and material: 50 pieces of fish in 4 treatments(40 fish were treated with 3 steps and 10 fish with 2 steps) were studied. Control treatment 4mg/kg pituitary extracts , first treated 4mg/kg CPE 3μg/kg LHRHa2, second treatment 4mg/kg CPEμg/kg LHRHa2 and third treatment 4mg/kg CPE 10μg/kg LHRHa2. The blood samples were collected before and after injection, then testosterone, progesterone and 17-β,estradiol were measured with ELISA method, then the ovule and sperm were obtained and the answer of male and female bloodstocks was recorded. After 24 hours the fish dissection was done, then the gonad morphology, gonad and liver weight for GSI and HSI measuring were recorded.
The results obtained that (in mail) the steroidal hormone (T, P, E2), Answer of broad stocks and GSI, HSI were 5.2 ± 0.3, 0.44 ± 0.05, 2.9 ± 0.04 ng/ml, 90%, 25% and 3.5% that was increased in second treatment (3 steps way) compared to the other treatments (2 steps way) (p

Inroduction & Mucos and its compounds are the first line to defense against pathogens and is one of the important part of the immune system in fish. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of administration Pediococcus acidilactici and Agaricus bisporus powder on mucusal immune parameters and intestinal histomorphologyof common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Material and After 2 week adaptation to lab condition, 180 common carp with average weight of 19.06±0.69 were allocated in 12 fiberglass tanks with 15 fish per each tank. The study was performed in a complete randomize design for 2 months with 4 treatments as follows: commercial diet (control group), commercial diet supplemented with 0.9×107 CFU/g P. acidilactici, commercial diet supplemented with 10 g/kg mushroom powder, commercial diet supplemented with 0.9×107 CFU/g P. acidilactici and 10 g/kg mushroom powder. At the end of experiment, lysozyme enzyme assay, total immunoglobulin and histomorphologic examinationwere performed.
At the end of the study, There was no significant difference in the height and diameter willy (P>0.05). The highest levels of mucosal lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin level and soluble protein were observed in synbiotic group which was significantly different with the control group (P In conclusion, the commercial diet supplemented with 0.9×107 CFU/g P. acidilactici and 10 g/kg mushroom powder improves mucusal immune parameters but there was no effects on intestinal histomorphologyof common carp.

Inroduction & Brassica rapa (turnip) has been cultivated and consumed worldwide for many centuries. The present article aimed to investigate the effects of turnip leaf consumption on estrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH hormones and ovarian follicles in adult female rats.
Material and A total number of 45 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups including control groups, sham group and groups receiving doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg turnip leaf hydro-alcoholic extract orally. Blood samples were taken at the end of the 14th day and serum concentration of LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone were measured. Also the number of follicles and corpora-lutea were obtained by separating ovaries.
The results illustrated that serum LH significantly decreased in groups receiving Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of turnip leaf compared to the control group.The results also indicated that estrogens serum level significantly decreased in 100 and 200 mg/kg group. Progesterone was also decreased in group receiving 50 mg/kg turnip leaf hydro-alcoholic extract. But the serum level ESH did not show any significant difference in experimental groups compared to the control group.Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of turnip leaf also caused a significant increase in primary follicles.
The results of the present study demonstrate that turnip leaf hydro-alcoholic extract decreases LH, progesterone, estrogens and primary follicles without any significant effect on FSH.

Inroduction & Boldenone undecylenate is an anabolic steroid that stimulates protein retention, decreases nutrient requirement and increases feed efficiency. On the other hand, higher levels of dietary protein increases protein and amino acid availability in the body. Cross-breeding the fat tailed Moghani sheep breed with free tailed Romanov breed resulted in fat tail removal, lower fat deposition and higher protein retention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of boldenone undecylenate and dietary protein level on blood parameters and thyroid hormones of Romanov-Moghani crossbred lambs.
Material and Twenty Romanov-Moghani crossbred male lambs were used in a randomized completely design with 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The experiment lasted 75 days. The main experimental effects were effect of boldenone injection (no injection or injection of 0.5 mg/BW) and effect of diet protein level (12 or 16 percent per DM). Blood sampling were taken monthly from cervical vein in two stages from all lambs about 3 hours after feeding.
The results showed that blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN) was influenced by hormone injection during the first month (hormone injection) and injection of hormone caused a significant decrease in BUN levels (P 0.05).
In general, it can be concluded that administration of boldenone undecylenate and dietary protein level change the protein metabolism in the Romanov-Moghani crossbred lambs and therefore the storage of fat decreases and more energy in tissues is used for synthesis and storage of protein and eventually increase muscle mass.

Inroduction & Fistin is a dietary flavonoid that can directly effect on human health. The effects of this natural product have been reported on induction of apoptosis in some cancer cells, but its effects on colon cancer of the cell line of CT-29 dont have been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fistin apoptosis on CT-29 colon cancer cells.
Material and CT-29 cancer cells were treated with 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 μg / ml of fisetin for 48 hours. The rate of cells vaiability were calculated by MTT assay. For detection apoptosis induction in CT-29 DAPI staning, Acridine Orange-Propodium iodine staning, Anxin 5-Propodium iodide flow cytometry and Bax, Bcl2 expression analysis were used.
The findings of the MTT assay showed that fistin dose-dependently inhibits the proliferation of CT-29 cells. DAPI staining results showed that fistin leads to chromatin defects, Orange-Propidium iodide staning showed increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in treated groups. Also, the results of Real Time PCR showed Bax gene expression increased but, the expression of Bcl-2 gene decreased.
Cording to the findings of this study, fistin induces apoptosis in CT-29 cancer cells. Using this flavonoid can be considered as a promising strategy in the treatment of colon cancer.

Inroduction & The use of brine shrimp Artemia as a diet for larval culture of many species has become widespread. Albeit using Artemia cysts appear to be easy, but several factors are critical for hatching needed in aquaculture. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effects of different photoperiods on hatchability of Artemia franciscana cyst.
The present study has been focused on the effect of different photoperiods including 48 hours continuous light (48L), 6 hours dark and 42 hours light (6D:42L), 12 hours dark and 36 hours light (12D:36L), 24 hours dark and 24 hours light (24D:24L), 36 hours dark and 12 hours light (36D:12L) and 48 hours continuous dark (48D) on cyst hatching percent, umbrella stage percent and unhatched cyst percent of Artemia franciscana after 48 hours in 3 replicates. After 48 hours, 5 samples (250 µL) were taken from each experimental unit for measuring the hatching rate.
: The results indicated that the highest and lowest hatching percent were recorded as 72.6 ± 4.25 and 27.4 ± 6.26% in 48L and 48D treatments, respectively (p The present study demonstrates that continuous light has favorable effect on A. franciscana cyst hatching performance.

Inroduction & The use of tobacco products is a major risk for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin C as the most effective water-soluble antioxidants protect the body against defects influence on the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of vitamin C on the destruction caused by the aqueous extract of tobacco consumption on heart disease is the aorta of mice treated improvement.
Material and A total of 60 large rats in keeping with the guidelines of National Institutes of Health, in 6 groups of; control, Witness, negative control and experimental 1, 2 and 3 were tested. The aqueous extract of tobacco, as well as ascorbic acid, 150mg / kg.bw aqueous extract of tobacco with zero, 8, 10 and 15 mg per kilogram of vitamin C into four groups determined by the population, respectively, negative control and experimental 1, 2 and 3 were injected intraperitoneally for 45 days. Meanwhile examining the tissue of the heart and aorta, The analysis of aortic wall thickness and body weight difference was performed by ANOVA with ANOVA with SPSS20 software with a significance level of P The thickness of the aortic wall increased in the tobacco group, However, low and moderate levels of vitamin C and aqueous extract of tobacco were decreased in experimental groups 1&2, Also in the experimental group 3, with high consumption of vitamin C, it decreased in comparison to the tobacco group, but increased in thickness compared with other groups, but none of them were meaningful. The tobacco group has been lost weight, but in the experimental groups 1, 2 & 3 weight gain was achieved, which resulted in differences in the tobacco and experimental groups 1 with a confidence interval of 99% and experimental groups 2 and 3 were significant at P