مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 139، خرداد 1397)

Fatty liver is a condition in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of combined training on novel hepatic steatosis indices (fatty liver index (FLI), accumulation product (LAP), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), and Framingham steatosis index (FSI)) in women with type 2 diabetes.
35 female with type 2 diabetes were assigned to combined training (n = 17) and control (n = 18). Intervention consisted of combined (aerobic-strength training) for 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using dependent t test to compare pretest and posttest in each group. The Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the amount of changes in experimental and control training groups after 10 weeks.
The results of the analysis of covariance showed that 10 weeks of combined training caused a non-significant decrease in HSI (P = 0.596), FSI (P = 0.312), FLI (P = 0.327) and a significant decrease in LAP (P = 0.334) compared to the control group.
The results show that 10-week combined training results in a significant decrease in LAP index and a non-significant reduction in FSI, HSI, and FLI indices of women with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, combined training recommended for improve the fatty liver in women with type 2 diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate continuous training on plasma apelin concentrations and insulin resistance in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. 39 elderly males and females were randomly divided into three groups: high intensity interval training (HIGH), moderate continuous training (CONT) and control (CTL).
This research was a clinical trial; it was informative and quantitative one in collecting information. Training interventions were performed three times per week and for 10 weeks on a bicycle ergometer. The high intensity interval training included 6 intervals and each interval included 4 minutes with 85-90% HRmax and 3 minutes with 45-50% HRmax. The moderate-continuous training included 42 minutes cycling with 70% HRmax. 48 hours after the last training session, blood sampling was performed and plasma apelin levels, lipid profile, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin plasma levels were measured.
ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test showed a significant decrease in insulin resistance in the two groups of training compared to the control group (P = 0.019). The plasma apelin levels in the high intensity interval training group was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.022). Cardio respiratory fitness (VO2peak) was significantly increased in the training groups compared to the control group (P = 0.008). After a 10-week exercise, HDL-levels increased significantly in exercise groups (P = 0.022) and decreased significantly compared to the plasma levels of LDL (P = 0.046). However, there was no significant difference between the training groups. All the values were expressed as mean± SEM and P Possibly in elderly patient with type 2 diabetes high intensity interval training have a greater effect on the improvement and regulation of the secretion of apelin and other glycemic indices compared to continuous training protocols.

Introdution: Dental anomalies are an important category of dental morphologic variations. Their incidence is different between many populations. This study aimed to determine the frequency of dental anomalies and dental health index in patients referred to department of Oral Medicine of Hamadan dental faculty in 2014
In this descriptive cross sectinal study 772 patients referred to department of oral medicine were examined for dental anomalies and biographic information, systemic diseases , receiving drugs and DMFT index (Decay , Missing, Filling Teeth) were recorded in their charts. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 software using descreptive , chi square, t test and one-way ANOVA . P value lower than 5% was considered as significant.
Out of 772 patients 218 (28.2%) were males and 554 (71.8%) were females and their mean age was 32.3. 70% of patients showed at least one dental anomaly. Attrition (40.2%), flourosis (20.3%), accessory cusps (15.7%), tooth discoloration (14.4%) and hypodontia (3.2%) had high frequency anomalies observed in patients. The mean of patients DMFT was 14.095.78.
According to results of this study frequency of acquired dental anomalies was relatively common and dental health index was low in studied population, therefore dentists continious education and oral health education for diagnose and prevention of possible problem for dentist and society seems to be necessary.

Currently, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is recognized as an important pathogens in all age groups throughout the world. Living as group and lack of health facilitate the rapid spread of infection. CMV-reactive syndromes are commonly associated with the development of T-dependent immune deficiencies, such as those infected with HIV. The CMV alone can also reduce T lymphocyte responses. Therefore, CMV is an important factor in the advanced stages of AIDS. This study was performed to determine the seroepidemiological status of CMV in HIV positive patients in Yazd province.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on all records of HIV-positive patients registered at the Behavioral Disease Advice Center of Yazd province from 2002 to 2015. Patient's information was extracted from the cases by sex, year of birth, nationality, education, occupation, HIV status, blood CD4, Anti CMV IgM and Anti CMV IgG level.
Out of 71 cases, 45 cases were male and 26 were female. 48 people aged 35-64 years old and 67 had Iranian nationality. Most of them are unemployed or housewives, and have a primary and secondary education. 90.2% of the patients were injection drug users and / or had unsafe sex contacts. Blood CD4 levels in more than 80% of patients were from 200 cells / μl to more than 500 cells / μl. Anti CMV IgM was negative in all patients and Anti CMV IgG was positive in all patients.
Findings of the study show that all HIV positive patients in all age groups are infected with CMV and there is no significant relationship between gender, age, education, HIV status, CD4 blood levels and the incidence of CMV infection.

Introdution: Due to the high prevalence of infertility in Iran and the high costs of infertility treatments, analysis the economic issues of this scope seems important. The aim of this study was to present the scientific evidence of the community valuation for infertility pharmaceutical treatments and precise costing of these treatments using economic analysis.
This study was a cross-sectional study of cost-benefit one of the economic evaluation of the health interventions studies. The per capita cost of one cycle of infertility pharmaceutical treatments was calculated based on the treatment protocols and prescriptions of physicians. Measuring the willingness to pay people was done using a contingent valuation method (CVM) using a researcher-made questionnaire in Kerman.
Per capita cost per cycle of infertility pharmaceutical treatments was estimated at 6689640 Rls. The willingness to pay for these treatments was also 13198125 Rls per treatment cycle. Based on the cost and outcome, the calculated net present value (NPV) and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) were 6508485 Rls and 1.97, respectively.
According to the results of the study, the valuation of individuals for infertility pharmaceutical treatments is about twice the cost of one cycle of these treatments, which suggests that investment for this level of treatments has a positive net benefit. Therefore, it is required that policy-makers pay more attention to the issue of scientific financing of infertility in the current period that we require population growth in Iran.

Post-operative pain reduction is one of the problems in the patients with preoperative narcotic dependency. Morphine is the most common drugs to control postoperative pain. Due to resistance to morphine and its side effects in addict patients, using of adjuvant drugs such as ketamine has increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding ketamine to morphine in patients addicted to opioid with post orthopedic operation pain.
In a double blind clinical trial, 60 patients undergoing orthopedic operation with history of opioid consumption were randomly divided in 2 groups. Post operation, the first group received morphine 20 mg and the second group received morphine 20 mg ketamine 100 mg via IV patient-controlled analgesia (IPCA). The pain score as visual analogue scale (VAS), sedation score, and nausea and vomiting were evaluated at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours post operation. SPSS v.20 was used for data analysis.
Results showed that dose of morphine consumption in morphine group was significantly increased compared to the morphine ketamine group (p 0.001). In addition, only at 12 hours after surgery the mean of pain score in the morphine group was significantly reduced compared to the second group (p = 0.02). The mean of sedation score at 1 (p 0.001), 6 (p = 0.002), 12 (p = 0.001) and 24 (p 0.001) hours after surgery in the morphine group was increased compared to the other group. At 1 hour, the mean of nausea and vomiting scores in the morphine group was significantly reduced compared to the morphine ketamine group (p = 0.024).
Addition of ketamine to morphine in the patients with history of opioid consumption reduced using of the morphine. But had no effect on pain and sedation score reduction.

Treatment of necrotic teeth with immature apices is a clinical challenge. Regenerative endodontic treatment has provided an additional treatment option that aims to allow both continued root formation and apical closure, while restoring immune and sensory functions within the pulpal space.
The purpose of this case report is to present the potential of endodontic regenerative treatment for permanent immature teeth with infectious pulp with the aim of removing clinical symptoms and the loss of apical periodontitis. A 10-year-old boy had a history of trauma to the lateral incisal teeth It's right.
At the first session, three antibiotic doses including minocycline, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole were placed in the canal, and after two weeks, the triple paste was washed with normal saline from the canal. Then K file No. 80 was used to stimulate the bleeding into the canal. After coagulation, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was placed on the clot.
After 3 months of radiographic examination, it was observed that the process of closing the apex and thickening of the channel walls without clinical symptoms was observed
According to this article, regenerative treatment can be an appropriate treatment for infected immature teeth.

Introdution: The aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties, surface charge and cytotoxicity of nanocomposite formulations for the design of lipid nano-systems with maximum loading for nucleic acids in bone marrow cancer.
For this study, six types of liposomes with different compositions were synthesized using DPPC, cholesterol, DSPE-mPEG (2000) and DOTAP. Then, nanosystems were evaluated for particle size, surface charge, cytotoxicity and loading rate of miRNA in two MG-63 and SaOs2 cell lines, which are human cell bone marrow cell lines.
All nano-systems were monodisperse. Among the systems, the F6 formula has the lowest toxicity and the highest load of miRNA-143, due to the presence of a suitable amount of DOTAP and PEG phospholipid in the liposome structure.
Liposomal formulation with a suitable percentage of DOTAP cationic phospholipid can be used as a successful carrier for the transport of miRNA in the gene therapy process for the treatment of various cancers, especially metastatic types.