دو ماهنامه بررسی های بازرگانی
سال پانزدهم شماره 86 (آذر - اسفند 1396)

The tourism industry is one of the most important sectors of the country and is in close competition with the big businesses of the world, such as automotive and petrochemicals. This article, reviews the importance of sustainable tourism development in Iran during 2000-2017, and seeks to investigate the sources of statistics on the status of tourism industry in Iran, reviewing the objectives of the Tourism Outlook document in Horizon 1404. Finally, we, introduce the main reasons for the underdevelopment of the tourism industry in Iran using meta-swet analysisand suggest suitable solutions to them. The results of the study showed that the main reasons for the underdevelopment of tourism industry in Iran are:failure to develop tourism infrastructure, lack of coherence of the laws, lack of specific planning in this industry and the imposition of Western sanctions against Iran.
Therefore, the suggested solutions for the development of this industry are: reviewing the laws in relation to the tourism industry and improving the rules in a unified and transparent manner in order to support the tourism industry, allocating resources and credits to provide suitable accommodation centers, Improvement of tourism infrastructure, establishment of service facilities, welfare and health, preparation and development of a comprehensive roadmap for developing the tourism industry and conducting effective and appropriate promotions and establishing necessary measures to increase security in the country in order to motivate tourists to reduce negative advertising.
For the validity of the presented results, a comparative study was carried out in the Turkey`s Policy Instruments in tourism industry, and it was observed that the country succeeded in the tourism industry through targeted planning, revising tourism laws, allocating resources and credits for the development of tourism infrastructure and targeted advertising. As a result, it is hoped that the tourism industry in Iran will continue to grow as a result of the operation of the proposed solutions.

As a result of the privatization and transfer of management and ownership of public companies to the private sector, it was expected that the efficiency of these companies will increase. This paper considers evaluating the effects of privatization of 52 of 195 companies affiliated to public parent organization. In this paper, we present a conceptual and operational model to evaluate relative efficiency of the companies transferred to the private sector in the years before and after the assignment. Then, the model is used to calculate relative efficiency of 52 companies.
Model used, which uses data envelopment analysis is a nonparametric approach to determine the relative efficiency of decision making units, and has various inputs and outputs.
By using this method, we found that the relative efficiency of 7 of the 52 companies studied reduced compared to pre-assignment period and relative efficiency of other 45 units has improved. This result shows that the privatization process has been successful in industrial companies under study. In order to survey the privatization impact on the efficiency of economic units, the mean equality test two sample hypothesis testing methods were used. Based on to data, at 95 percent confidence interval, it can be said that the privatization processes in industrial plants studied, has been successful.

Employee turnover is one of the most important phenomena in the study of individuals’ organizational behavior. For this reason, organizations that identify effective factors in employee turnover are more likely to employ more effective policies and methods to maintain their human resources before they leave the organization. This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility and internal marketing on employee turnover intentions, considering the mediating role of organizational commitment. The present research is practical in purpose, descriptive in data collection methodology and a survey research in type. The research population consisted of all employees in all Tehran branches of the Melli Bank of Iran, amounting to 9405 people. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size, which yielded a sample size of 369 people. This research employs the clustering method for sampling and a standard survey for data collection. The statistical method utilized in this study is the structural equation method and all statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19 and AMOS23 software. Testing the research hypotheses revealed that social responsibility and internal marketing have a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and organizational commitment has a significant negative impact on employee turnover intentions. Also, organizational commitment completely mediates the negative impact of social responsibility and internal marketing on the employee turnover intentions.

This research aims to study the determinants of environmentally conscious consumer behavior (ECCB) by analyzing socio - demographic and psychographic green consumer characteristics. Also, the study explores the determinants of Green Buying Behavior (GBB) considering ECCB and Green Buying Intention (GBI) previously evaluated. To this end, we conducted a quantitative study based on internet survey and data collection was implemented in two phases: in the first phase environmentally conscious consumer behavior, Green Buying Intention and socio-psychological variables were measured. Three month later, the same respondents evaluated their Green Buying Behavior. Through Simultaneous analysis of the variables using the Structural equation modeling the effects of environmentally conscious consumer behavior and Green Buying Intention on Green Buying Behavior were measured. The results show that psychographic variables, with emphasis on perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) are more relevant than socio-demographics in explaining environmentally conscious consumer behavior. The consumers with higher environmentally conscious consumer behavior have shown higher green buying Intention (GBI). environmentally conscious consumer behavior has a positive impact on Green Buying Behavior, higher than Green Buying Intention, which in turn mediates that relationship. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding about the green consumer profile and behaviour, including the effect of GPI on GPB, and thereby contributes to the coordination of future marketing strategies to target this segment.

Endorser and supporter celebrities can establish secondary links with customers, build brand equity, endorse the uniqueness and celebrities can affect perceived quality product. Celebrity supporting the brand increase brand value by the customer, building brand equity. Recent studies have shown that major celebrities, as well as promote the brand trust aswell. Also the brand celebrity influence brand equity by brand confidence and Accreditation. This study aimed to investigate the influence of celebrities on the development of brand equity with the role played trusted brand in the industry and Pandora brand apparel brand and consumers have been considered as a case study.This study is descriptive. The population of this research are clients of leather garments up Pandora in Tehran. Data are collected by questionnaire. For data analysis and hypothesis testing, model and questionnaire as well as structural equation modeling (SEM), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. Results showed that credibility of brand celebrity by elements of expertise, attractiveness and trustworthiness has a significant impact on brand trust and brand equity. The impact on brand equity and brand trust was significant. Finally, the effect of credibility of brand celebrity on the dimensions of brand equity including brand awareness, perceived quality, brand association and brand loyalty was significant.

The existence of errors and low accuracy in inventory control systems is one of the most important issues that has always been raised. Radio frequency identification (RFID) system as one of the most efficient automatic identification systems has been able to overcome some of these problems. Although some companies have been using RFID technology in their inventory management system, the use of this technology alone and independently failed to address the supply chain management issues in a large way. Because inventory planning in one part of the supply chain has always been subject to limitations due to low awareness of the current situation in other parts of the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to design and present a conceptual model of cloud-based inventory management as an integrated inventory management system throughout the supply chain. In this model, cloud computing has been used in inventory management along with RFID technology, which enables each of the supply chain components to benefit from RFID independently and the flow of inventory information across the supply chain. Therefore, they can control and manage the inventories with high accuracy and speed.