مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و ششم شماره 12 (پیاپی 148، اسفند 1397)

Today, the Advantages of radiation therapy by charged particles is indicated for the treatment of cancerous. During the passing of proton beam in the body tissues, secondary particles produce, which penetrate to the body healthy tissues and cause damage. The aim of this research was calculating the Spread out Bragg Peak for covering the breast cancer and investigating arrived dose to the different parts of the heart during the treatment process. In this simulation study, a spherical tumor with a diameter of 1 cm considered in right breast tissue in MIRD phantom and then irradiated by proton of right and front sides of the body. Simulations are performed using the MCNPX code. The Spread out Brag Peak calculated to cover the breast cancer in two cases of radiation. In the radiation of front and right, the deposited Dose due to The Proton Particle in tumor are 4.25 nGy and 4.12 nGy, respectively. The dose due to the protons and secondary particles in different parts of the heart calculated and compared for two modes of radiation. Energy Ranges of neutrons was about 55 MeV and for electrons and photons was less than 20 MeV. Although, the dose due to the secondary particles was very low in comparison of protons dose. In proton therapy, a large portion of the dose is evacuated in the tumor. Proton radiation of the front in comparison of the right leads to the more dose deposit in the tumor and heart.

 Cationic liposomes have been presented for gene delivery as an alternative vector instead of viral vectors. A major challenge associated with siRNA delivery is the instability of liposomes, which is still a serious problem. The aim of this study was to provide an appropriate formulation to overcome this instability. In the present study (Scientific-Fundamental, Experimental-Laboratory Study), liposomal formulation containing soy phosphatidylcholine, cationic DOTAP, cholesterol and polyethylene glycole was synthesized by thin-film hydration method and the siRNA were loaded on liposomes through incubation. In the following; the optimization of siRNA loading was on the agenda. Then the parameters related to size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and lon-term stability of siRNA-liposomes complex were reported. The Data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism version 7 Software. All data were repeated three times and reported as mean±standard deviation. In this study we were able to produce siRNA lipoplex with high loading efficiency of siRNA. The produced nanoparticles did not agglomerate and were stable at 4 oC for 3 months. This nanosystem could successfully deliver siRNA to normal bone cells. Studies have shown that the blank system (no gene) had no toxicity. The prepared PEGylated liposomes have a great potential for delivery of siRNA to bone cells

 Recently, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and the use of medicinal plants for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted researchers due to its low cost and eco-friendly characteristics. The aim of this study was to synthesis of AgNPs using Artemisia khorassanica and analysis of its antibacterial and anti-cancer activities. In this experimental study, ethanolic extract of A. khorassanica was prepared and AgNPs was synthesized. Subsequently, Antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of AgNPs on lung cancer cell line were assessed using microdilution and MTT methods, respectively. Finally, the Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic gene expression was analyzed via Real Time PCR. The result of antibacterial activity showed that the AgNPs had a significant effect on gram negative bacteria. In addition to, AgNPs in 100 µg/mL had significant cytotoxic effect to lung cancer cell line. The statistical analysis of Real Time PCR results by one-way ANOVA test indicated that the Bax and Bcl2 gene expression were 3.03±0.67 (P<0.001) up-regulated and 0.38±0.15 (P<0.001) down-regulated, respectively. The results show that the biosynthesis of AgNPs using A. khorassanica extract is low-cost and simple and due to its antibacterial and anticancer activities can be used as drug candidate.

 One of the major challengs in ovarian tissue transplantation is overcomeing ischemia/ reperfusion injuries. During ischemia–reperfusion processes, oxygen free radicals constitute the most important component that induces damage of the grafted tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L-Carnitine (LC) as an antioxidant on heterotopic transplantation of mouse ovarian tissue. In this laboratory experimental study, 5- week old female NMRI mice were divided into four groups: control, transplanted without administration (autograft), sham group (autograft+ saline) and LC group (autograft+ L- carnitine). Left ovarian tissues were transplanted into the Gluteal muscle for 3 weeks. After this time, ovarian tissues from all groups were removed and fixed in formalin for histological studies. Furthermore, rate of Caspase- 3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry test. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring  malondialdehyde (MDA). One-way ANOVA and Tudey test was used to analyze the data using the spss 16 software. Significance was defined as P≤0.0. The study results indicated that total follicular count in transplantedwithout administration and sham groups was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the control and LC groups. In addition, the rate of caspase-3 was decreased in the LC group, but no significant difference existed between all groups (p<0.05). A significant reduction in the concentration of MDA was observed in the LC group than that in the other transplanted groups (p<0.05). In this study, LC could improve the ovarian reserve to some extent, but its effect was not significant.

The mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle plays a very important role in the protein synthesis process, which plays a very important role in proteins. The role of endurance exercise has not yet been studied in this important pathway in protein synthesis in people with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks endurance training on the content of total and phosphorylated AKT1, mTOR, P70S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in skeletal muscle FHL of rats with type 2 diabetes. In this experimental study, 16 Sprague-Dawely male rats with average weight of 270±20 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control (n=8) and endurance training (n=8). The training group exercised according to the training program 4 days a week for 8 weeks. While the control group had no training program. T-test and SPSS V-19 were used to analyze the data. There was not observed any significant difference in the content of total (P=0.58) and phosphorylated (P=0.33) AKT1, total (P=0.47) and phosphorylated (P=0.78) mTOR, total (P=0.24) and phosphorylated (P=0.12) P70S6K1 and total (P=0.45) and phosphorylated (P=0.48) 4E-BP1 proteins in the endurance training group compared to the control group. Endurance training for 8 weeks could not increase the total and phosphorylated content proteins of the present study; therefore, it cannot lead to protein synthesis or muscle hypertrophy through mTORC1 pathway.

Identifying the factors that influence on the uptake of Neurotrophins is an important goal for brain's health and function. There is some evidence that long-term exercise improves brain function. However, the effects of exercise intensities on the brain remain is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high intensity interval (HIIT) and continuous training (CT) on neurotrophic factors gene expression in hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice. 30 C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the following three groups: control (Con), interval training (IT), and continuous training (CT). The mice in the exercise group Were trained to run on the treadmill 5 sessions for 8 weeks. HIIT group performed protocol at 85-90% of maximal work rate for periods of 2 min alternating with 1 min intervals at 50-60% of maximal work rate. CT group performed a continuous exercise protocol at 70-75% of maximal work rate. The expression of BDNF, GDNF, and NGF genes was measured using the Real Time-PCR method in the hippocampus. For statistical analysis of the data was used from SPSS version 16 and the one-way ANOVA method. The result showed that HIIT program significantly increased the mRNA levels of BDNF and GDNF in comparison with CT (p<0.05), and mRNA level of NGF significantly increased in both groups while no significant differences were observed in NGF concentrations among the HIIT and CT groups (p>0.05). Our results showed that HIIT had a more neuroprotective effect by improving the expression of the neurotrophin genes compared to the LICT in the hippocampus.

 Vitality of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells is very critical for replantation of complete avulsion teeth due to traumatic injuries. This is important for transferring an avulsed tooth to clinic for replantation that which Medias used for storage.This study aimed to compare the vitality of PDL cells of sheep teeth cultured in different storage medias including α-Minimum Essential Medium (αMEM), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), and mint extract In this lab trial study, PDL cells were obtained from 124 healthy anterior and posterior sheep teeth and cultured in αMEM, DMEM, HBSS, and mint extract for periods of  2, 6, 24, 48, 72, or 96 hours (24 groups). For each solution, positive control group were PDL cells without incubation in any storage media. For each group, there was a negative control considered cells growing in dry plate with no medium. After exposure of PDL cells to scheduled solution for scheduled incubation time, centrifuge was performed for 10 minutes at rate of 2000G. Then cell percipitates were added into the solution of collagenase (3mgr/ml) and Dispase (4mgr/ml to cell precipitates, which were incubated at 37° C for 60 minutes. After washing cellular suspension in PBS, vitality of the cells was assessed by Trypan blue exclusion, on a neobar slide by magnification of 200X. The data were analyzed statistically using 2-way ANOVA test by SPSS version 15. Statistically significant differences in efficacy of different medias were obtained at least between two media (P=0.0001). PDL cells cultured in αMEM and mint extract showed 90% and 52.22% vitality representing, respectively, the best and the weakest storage media. αMEM can be a suitable transport medium up to 96 hours to preserve the vitality of the PDL cells of avulsed teeth. There is a reverse correlation between the viability of PDL cells and incubation time, increasing the time decreases the viability.

 An increase in the population of elderly people in Iran in the future is an inevitable and significant process that should be examined from a variety of dimensions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the future study of Iran's elderly sports using cross-impact matrix. In this research cross impact analysis approach has been used as one of the future study methods. Initial variables of research was gathered using half-interviews with participants scholars and specialists in sport sciences, psychologists, social workers, sociologists, nurses, the managers of sanity offices, the Welfare Organization and the social council of municipality. Data validation criteria recommended by Lincoln & Guba was confirmed and then analyzed using Micmac software. Results from using cross impact analysis approach suggested that the six key factors, namely, attention to the elderly, the creation of special organs for the elderly, the allocation of funds, the modeling of other countries, the design of long-term programs and the establishment of process-oriented strategies werethe most important factors for the future of elderly sports in Iran that should be considered in planning. The researcher has tried to analyze Iran's futur study of elderly sports. The results and findings of the research process and the proposed strategic recommendations can provide an appropriate setting for policymaking and designing strategies and policies for strategic managers in the elderly sports sector