مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 46، زمستان 1397)

  PPAR-γ and PRDM16 proteins are key proteins in the adipose tissue regulation and the white tissue conversion to the brown and beige adipose tissue. Type 2 diabetes can interfere with the function of these two proteins and, functionally, leads to reduced activity of these proteins. The role of exercise on these two important proteins has not been studied yet in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the level of PPAR-γ and PRDM16 proteins in adipose tissue in overweight type 2 diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats with diabetes. In this study, 16 two-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270±20 g were selected. After diabetic induction with STZ and Nicotinamide, rats were randomly assigned to two groups, training (8 heads) and control (8 heads). The training group trained for 4 days a week in accordance with the training program for 8 weeks, while the control group did not have any training program. The independent t-test was used to analyze the data of PPAR-γ and PRDM16 proteins. There was a significant rise in PRDM16 protein content (p<0.001) in the training group compared to control, though this rise was not meaningful in PPAR-γ protein content (p=0.26). HIIT training has led to a significant increase in the content of the PRDM16 protein, which plays a vital role in the conversion of white to brown fat cells. Hence, it is expected that a new insight into the root, differentiation, and preservation of the white adipose tissue and its conversion into brown adipose tissue will be achieved.

The use of exercise and herbal supplements for the treatment of metabolic diseases and disorders among the population has increased. Spirulina (Herbal Supplement green algae – blue) is one of the richest sources of Anti-inflammatory and antioxidants. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week exercise with Spirulina consumption on Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in men with type 2 diabetes. 32 sedentary men with type 2 diabetes participated in this study with average age of 40 years and with no history of regular exercise that were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (C), exercise (E), supplementation (S) and exercise + supplementation (E+S). Training programs were 45 minutes of aerobic exercise, 3 times in week with 60-65% of maximal heart rate. S and E+S groups consumed Daily 2 tablets of 500 mg Spirulina. Blood samples were taken in two phases (before and after 8 weeks) following 10 to 12 hours of being fasted. TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP levels Decreased significantly in E, S, E+S groups after 8 weeks (P ≤ 0/05).If these changes were not significant in the control group. Also The results showed there was a significant differences between the effects of different interventions in the TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP between groups with the control group (P ≤ 0/05). The results showed that regular aerobic exercise with Spirulina consumption can improve Serum levels of inflammatory markers in men with type 2 diabetes and prevent exercise-induced Inflammation stress and also diabetes

Saccharin is an artificial, non-caloric sweetener used to sweeten products such as beverages, confectionary, biscuits, medicines and tooth pastes. This is while our body is not able to metabolized it. In the present study, the effect of saccharin on spermatogenesis, testicular tissue structure and pituitary-gonadal hormone axis in rats was investigated. 35 adult male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups. The control group did not receive any solvent or drug. The sham group received 1ml distilled water per day as an intraperitoneal injection.  Experimental 1,2 and 3 groups received times daily, respectively 250,500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight saccharin intraperitoneal for 35 days. After about35 days, blood was taken from the animals and testicular tissue was isolated to examine the tissue. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 and one wayANOVA and post hoc Duncan test. The level of glucose in the experimental groups was significantly higher than the control group(p≤0.05).The concentration of testosterone DHEA, LH and FSH hormone in the experimental groups  had significant decrease than control group.Also the numbers of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocyte, Spermatid, Spermatozoide and sperm in the experimental groups had significant decrease than control and sham groups. But Sertoli and Leydig cells indicated no significant difference(p≤0.05). Saccharin can affect the amounts of hormones and sex cells male devastating effects have and these influences will perhaps amount  to less to human generalized. Of course, in this case, how and the amount of the artificial sweetener used is very important

In this research 40 fat women are selected with the rage of age 37.9+/-7.12, having a body mass index grater or equal to 30 kilograms per square meter & then divided in to the four groups that included three groups; experienced, increasing aerobic exercises [1persons], licorice consumption [10 persons], compound group [increasing aerobic exercises with licorice consumption] [10 persons], control group [10 persons]. Firstly, subjects’ weight, height & BMI measured. Next day, after 12 hours fasting, initial blood sample for measuring adiponectin was taken 10 ml form subjects’ antecubital vein. Then, experienced group subjects participated in the increasing aerobic experience [12 weeks, 3 sessions in a week, starting 10 minutes & after 12 sessions & using treadmill] which included jogging at 50-55% of maximum heart rate to 70-75 percent in the first week and twelfth week was heart rate. The experienced group [licorice consumption] took roots of licorice capsule, a time after eating & third group compound of increasing aerobic exercises & licorice consumption. Controlled group subjects don’t participate regularly in any exercises plan. After 12 weeks all variables were measured in 4 groups. For surveying the effects of all kinds of exercises based of dependent variables, in this part was used coupled t for comparing & evaluating pre-test & post-test inter group & for surveying difference between increasing aerobic exercises with using licorice in theplasma adiponectin among blowsy women was used covariance analysis test

Previous studies have shown that levels of vitamin D in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are lower than normal ones and it has a reverse relationship with hs-CRP serum levels. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of vitamin D supplementation and aquatic exercise training on vitamin D and hs-CRP serum levels in children with ASD. In this study, 30 boys with autism spectrum disorder in Rasht with an average age of 10.45 ± 2.83 were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into three groups of supplementation (N=10), aquatic exercise (N=10) and control groups (N=10). Participants in the supplementary group orally received vitamin D supplementation (50,000 units) for ten weeks, once a week. Aquatic exercise group received aquatic exercise training for ten weeks, 60 min/ 2 sessions per week. Serum levels of vitamin D and hs-CRP were measured before and after 10 weeks. For data analysis, ANCOVA was used at the level of p<0.05 and SPSS software, version 21 was utilized. Both ten weeks aquatic exercise and supplementary improved serum levels of hs-CRP in children with autism (p <0.05); However, only vitamin D supplementation improved vitamin D serum levels (p <0.05) and aquatic exercise intervention had no significant effect on vitamin D levels. Aquatic exercise and vitamin D supplementation, as low-cost therapies can reduce the level of hs-CRP and improve the serum level of vitamin D in children with ASD.

Artemisia persica is an indigenous plant of Iran that has been traditionally used to relieve neurological and visceral pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of Artemisia persica essential oil on pain induced by hot plate and formalin in mice. In this experimental study, male Balb/c mice were divided into 5 groups including normal saline, Artemisia persica essential oil (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg) and morphine (10 mg/kg). The hot plate test was performed at, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the IP injection of drugs. In the formalin test, 30 minutes after the IP injection of drugs, 20 ml of 4% formalin was injected in the animal's paw and the frequency of paws licking, clopping and lifting were recorded at 5 and after injection (acute phase) and 15-30 (chronic phase) minutes. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 software. Injection of Artemisia persica essential oil (75 and 100 mg/kg), 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes before the hot plate test, significantly decreased pain threshold compared to the control group (p< 0.05) Artemisia persica essential oil at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly decreased the frequency of paws licking, clopping and lifting at the first and second phase of formalin test (p<0.05). The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of Artemisia persica Boiss essential oil in relieving pain caused by chemical and thermal stimuli.

Elderly is a sensitive period in human life and attention to the needs  of this stage is a social necessity. Elderly Abuse has grown rapidly over the last few years and has attracted the attention of communities and healthcare professionals.The present study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of Abuse with the elderly in Neyshabour city in 2017. This descriptive-analytic study was conducted with participation of elderly people aged 60 years and over in Neyshabur city. Sampling method was random. Demographic form and Elder- abuse standard questionnaire was completed through interviews. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Among the 176 participants in the study, 65.3% were male and the mean age of the elderly was 68.11 ± 9.11. The results showed that the prevalence of abuse among the elderly was 56.8%, that the highest level of abuse was psychological abuse of 47.7% and the least of them was Abandonment 2.8%. According to Chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between elder- abuse and age (p <0.001) and economic status (p <0.001). Overall, the results of this study showed that the level of abuse among the elderly in this study is relatively high and this indicates the extent of the issue at the community level.