نشریه مطالعات رسانه ای
پیاپی 40 (بهار 1397)

Social media is one of the most popular web 2.0 features in Iran. Regarding this fact, this paper aims to identify Iranian users’ reasons in preferring Telegram on other Instant Messaging Applications (IMAs). Recently, Telegram has become the most popular IMA in Iran and many people use that every day. Using an extension of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), I try to answer the question why Iranians use this app instead of other IMAs such as Viber, Line and WhatsApp. The methodology was online survey which was conducted by GoogleDrive.com and a combination of purposed and snowball sampling was choose as sampling method. The sample consisted of 127 respondents and data was analyzed by SPSS 23. The results show that the perceived enjoyment, social effects, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use is more severe for Telegram, comparing with other IMAs. Also, the findings confirm there is no relationship between education, age, job, income and gender with using Telegram. So we can conclude using Telegram is so pervasive in all of Iranian groups. This can be understood in the light of the term of ubiquitization of telegram in Iran. This paper paves the path for further studies into the situation of social media in Iran.

Tourism industry has significant and noticeable financial and social effects ( on society). In the meantime the mass media especially the television due to its capacities and functionalities such as informing the people ,education, entertainment ,satisfaction ,advertisement, common mobilization and making culture can play a peerless role in tourism industry. The present research tries to declare the relation between the tourism advancement and also indexes relevant to media in Ardebil and Sarein cities. This research is fundamental due to its goal and the type of research and it describes the correlation between the variables and it has used the measurement method in its research execute .For sampling the simple random sampling method has been applied. The results of path analysis in this research shows that variables of target selection ,advertisement are the variables that directly affect on developing urban tourism .But, since the advertisement variable has been entered immediately in the equation immediately after the variable of tourism development as the internal dependant variable , so it has not any indirect effect on urban tourism development. The amount of direct impact of target selection ,advertisement and plan on the variable of urban tourism development are respectively ./289 , ./223, and ./213 which shows that for one unit change on the variable of target selection and advertisement the amount of urban tourism development has been changed respectively to ./289, ./223, ./213 .

The Internet is a virtual world that empowers people to experience a particular form of social relationships in which people do not have a real social presence. So, given the importance of cybernetic pathology in the development of societies, our society has also received considerable attention in recent years in information and communication technology. The purpose of this study was to predict the use of virtual networks based on social adjustment and emotional control in adolescents. This research is a correlational study. The population of this study consisted of 350 primary and secondary school students in Karaj, Iran in 2012-2013. They were selected by random cluster sampling method. In this study, the social adjustment questionnaire of high school students (1993) and emotional control questionnaire (1997) were used to collect data. Data analysis was done through multi-variable regression and analyzed by SPSS-23 software. Descriptive and inferential indices and descriptive statistics in this study showed that the use of virtual networks has a positive and significant relation with social adjustment and emotional control (P> 0.01). Therefore, considering the hypothesis of research and the results of statistical analysis in the findings, it can be concluded that due to the relationship between research variables, the use of virtual networks can predict social adjustment and emotional control.

Islamophobia (or more precisely ‘unfounded fear, prejudice and discrimination towards Islam and Muslims’) through social, economic and political deprivation has harmful effects on Muslims’ everyday lives. Media are the most prominent tools to reach this goal. Some analysts even believe that “western media” are the primary sources of Islamophobia. Among the various types of media, “Visual Media” are probably the most effective opinion makers in the west. So in this article, Islamophobia in cinema (especially Hollywood as a famous symbol of that) and television programs including news, documentaries, animations, etc. will be discussed. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive skills of social network users in the social network of telegrams. The present study was applied in a descriptive-survey method. The statistical community consists of users of the undergraduate telegram network. In this research, using a randomized sampling method, 550 users responded to the questionnaire. For collecting information, 24 questions were used by the researcher on the cognitive skills of critical thinking. Data analysis is done in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS / 21 software. The results showed that the average cognitive skills among men are more than women. Also, the average of six subjective cognitive skills of critical thinking among users has been reported, respectively, analysis, self-regulation, interpretation, evaluation, explanation and inference. Among other results, there was a significant difference between the level of education of users and the use of cognitive skills of critical thinking, and there was a significant relationship between the use of telegram network and the use of cognitive skills of critical thinking. In addition, according to the regression test, the variable of education has a positive effect and the amount of use of the social networking telegram has a negative effect on the cognitive skills of users' critical thinking

Cinema is a multi-dimensional phenomena that is effective on other aspects of general culture; includeing political and social culture. One of the least-discussed topics of these aspects in Iran is the relation between cinema and political culture. Seemingly, cinema is highly intervened with political culture and is dependent on investment, either in production and in marketing. It also takes the role of reflecting a variety of concepts implying taste-making and changing economic culture of people and elite groups. Main purpose of this article is to analyse these reflections in the cinema of Iran. We follow the question that in the recent decade, how have been the reflection of economic issues in the cinema of Iran. In this way, 27 movies from 1386 ro 1396 have been analysed through Content Analysis method. The results show that, in general, 113 concepts related to economic culture have been reflected in these 27 movies. Among these concepts, "illegal businesses", "employment and unemployment", "luxury" and "bad economic condition of middle-class" were mostly reflected and rebuilt by films. These reflections of economic culture were mostly due to make negative taste through different ways. rebuilding anti-values and anti-norms, and exaggerating problems of middle-class group and showing off luxury life are instances for this claim.

The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of media literacy education the critical thinking skills of secondary school students in the city of Orumiyeh is eighth base. Methods of testing with pre-test and post-test with control group, the population also includes all the basic branches of the eighth high school female students in the city of Orumiyeh.For the purposes of this study, the multi-stage cluster sampling, two classes of 16 people selected randomly one class as the experimental group and the control group were the other class. The pre-test for both groups, media literacy test case for trial was conducted by the researcher. After completion of 8 training session, again following tools as post-test, the subjects were administered. To measure the dependent variable, the California Critical Thinking Inventory (CCTST) was used. To analyze the data from the single-factor analysis of covariance (Nkva) was used. The results showed that media literacy instruction in five critical thinking skills (analysis, inference, evaluation, induction and analogy) among students has been effective

In the twenty-first century, cinema, as the seventh art, continues to play an important role in transmitting the message. The combination of scientific and art paradigms has contributed to their participation in the process of content creation and the transfer of concepts that have a multi-faceted relationship with both fields. In the meantime, cinematic linkage with dominant paradigms at any time as a source of productive content with special capabilities in the production and presentation of concepts has become popular and has attracted many audiences. In this research, the author seeks to represent the metaphysical signs of the new Trans-modernism paradigm in Zack Snyder's "Man of the Paladin". In this regard, the search for metaphysical elements and the discovery of hidden semantic and ideological layers in the film, based on the theory of critical discourse analysis of Freclough, has been carried out with the approach of PADM. The methodology used to collect the metaphysical concepts of the modern trans-modern paradigm is descriptive-analytic. By analyzing the discourse of the film, the author concluded that the metaphysical discourse featured in Steel Man film represents the discourse of the new modern Trance paradigm. Of course, discursive practices such as mythology, savior, future represent a part of the ruling discourse that can not be regarded as ruling discourse. The findings of the research reveal the most important factors affecting the emergence of a new field in the third millennium for human beings with the Trans-modernism Paradigm approach and its impact on Hollywood cinema