نشریه مطالعات رسانه ای
پیاپی 24 (بهار 1393)

The effect of messages on the human mind and feeling will be remain almost permanently if they are sent to the heart throughthe intellect and will make the person to believe and trust them. This research is trying to show how and how long messagescan stick in public mind and how they can be used in terms of architecture, material and color in order to transfer messagesand maintain them.Thus, this article mainly aims to assess the physical and structural elements in architecture in conveying religious messagesto the audience structural elements. In this regards, after reviewing the Islamic and mosque architecture in brief, the existenceof a relation between some factors as the color, lighting, height and finial of architecture in religious buildings and religiouspractices or religious behavior of the audience is examined.The importance of this research is in that it shows how and how long messages can stick in public mind and how they can beused in terms of architecture, material and color in order to transfer messages and maintaining them.In this research both field and library methods are used simultaneously and research tools include studying the writtendocuments by fiche takingThe study used data from two populations: All experts (academic and non-academic) who are familiar with the type ofarchitecture in this study.This research tried to assess the physical and structural elements in architecture in conveying religious messages to theaudience structural elements. The results showed that there is a relation between some factors as the color, lighting, heightand finial of architecture in religious buildings and religious practices or religious behavior of the audience.

The overall objective of this study was to investigate the factors influencing entrepreneurial managers, public relationsagencies in Tehran.The statistical sample consisted of 93 managers, public relations agencies in TehranIslamic Azad University of Tehran-based units, ministries, non-governmental organizations and government departments andagencies in Tehran in 1391 working in the centers are up.The descriptive survey research method was used. Measuring devices tested consisted of 17 questions based on thecharacteristics of entrepreneurial managers view 5 Factor is made by Lamp and Michael Caine Heath Vds .The questionnaire included five post-traits entrepreneurs, innovation, risk-taking, ftarasrgzar strategy is based on competitionand independence is assessed by Likert scale used .prsshnamh completely "disagree, disagree, somewhat agree, agree,totally" agree) was determined. Reliability based on Cronbach's alpha for each of the questionnaire (17 questions) was 0/855of entrepreneurial managers. This increase reflects the internal consistency of the questionnaire is quite acceptable. Inestimating the validity was determined that all of the questions, there was a significant correlation with the total test. Toanalyze the data, frequency tables and correspondence tables were analyzed by Spss software.Findings showed a significant positive correlation between Components of innovation , risk , strategy based on race andgender entrepreneurship and independence between the components of an effective and experienced there but there is nomeaningful relationship with the entrepreneur.

This research will have five principal outcomes. First, it provides a theoretical explanation for why customer relationshipmanagement (CRM) affects gaining desired outcomes from relationship between customer and service provider. Second, itprovides a more complete evaluation of the role of Information Technology in CRM activities. Third, it develops andvalidates a number of measurement scales which are required for testing the proposed conceptual model. Forth, by studyingCRM on the basis of communicative approach, it reinforces explanatory and interpretative ability of MarketingCommunication Theory, and finally, this study is highly valuable because it provides experimental evidence on value ofCRM to organizational managers and experts, and provides a collection of customer-oriented criteria and measures, whichenable managers to identify roots of failed measures. Thus, this project seeks to provide a model to evaluate CRM based onCommunicative Approach. Statistical population in this research includes all journalists and editors of non-governmentalspecialized journals in city of Tehran as well as subscribers of these journals. Given the two statistical populations werelimited and large, multistage sampling method was used. Descriptive-survey research method was used, and conceptualmodel was tested using structural equations modeling and confirmatory factor analysis with the aid of Lisrel software.Considering the obtained results, all hypotheses of this research were approved for both statistical populations, and bycomparing the results of evaluation of conceptual model on the two statistical populations, one can find out that the levels ofimpact of model’s variables on each other is approximately higher among editors and journalists compared with subscribers,which suggests that views of editors and journalists of non-governmental specialized journals of Tehran are more consistentwith relations governing components of this model, compared with those of subscribers.

The present research is an attempt to study the effects of television advertisements, commissioned by Tehran Province Waterand Sewage Co. on encouraging the citizens of Tehran to economize on the consumption of drinking water. Furthermore, theeffects of television advertisements on promoting citizen knowledge of drinking water shortages in Tehran, the effects of howthis knowledge would influence their attitude towards the optimization of water consumption, and the effects of citizenattitude towards their reactions in dealing with water shortages have been studied in an integrated form based on Fishbein &Ajzen contentment pattern, and Knowledge – Attitude – Practice (KAP) communication pattern.This research is a survey conducted through the use of questionnaires, and the 385 samples were chosen through a clustermethod from the six districts of Tehran Province Water and Sewage Co. The data produced by this research indicates that thecitizens of Tehran share a positive view of television advertisements, and the promotion of their knowledge has changed theirattitude into showing a more convenient behavior with regards to the drinking water supplies of the city of Tehran.This research indicates that despite the positive attitude of the research samples toward television advertisements, theprincipal hypothesis based on the direct relationship between television advertisements and the level of economization ondrinking water is not significant. The relationship between television advertisements and the level of citizen knowledgeregarding shortages of drinking water is not significant either. Despite the existing correlation between the variables ofknowledge, attitude, and behavior with the level of economization of water by the samples, these variables do not seem to beeffected by television advertisements. Besides the aforementioned hypotheses, the relationship between some otherindependent variables and economization of water were studied and significant differences regarding the economization ofwater, were only seen among the six districts of Tehran Province Water and Sewage Co. The data produced by this researchsupports Fishbein & Ajzen theory and KAP communication pattern. The confirmation of the analytic pattern of the researchmeans that the knowledge of individuals could influence their attitude, and the attitude of the individuals could in turn resultin a concordant change of behavior.

According to divine world-views, all parts of the universe have various potential and actual communicative capacities interms of nature as well as the Creation, which reach to their height in human being because he enjoys the spirit. The spirit inturn provides human with infinite material as well as trans-material communicative capacities.Thus, in addition to natural guidance, which there are among all the Creature. Human has guidance by prophets since he havea critical responsibility and mission as a best among the Creature. As a result, human can communicate in order to achievegoals and carry out his tasks and duties through utilizing instructions by prophets and most importantly, Mohammed theHoly. The Holy Quran spells out four natural and religious communicative domains: communication with God with humanspecies; himself; and with the universe, and of course, proposes eternal instructions regarding them. In this framework, thisarticle argues that the Holy Quran reflects Nabā’s(extra ordinary news), conceptual primacy over Khabar (news), which canbe useful in contemporary turbulent world.

The study entitled "Survey respondents view the virtual social networking (Facebook) and their satisfaction with variousaspects " took place, is an attempt to clarify the scope of the contact angles very dark social network research in Iran. For thispurpose, 149 cluster sampling method from Tehran five geographic regions (North, South, West, East and Central) wereselected and answered the questionnaire . Head results between the views of respondents and satisfaction of news,information, and knowledge, and social use of social media trust there are significant differences. In addition, the resultsshow Head: Between gender and satisfaction Facebook aspects of news, information and awareness, social use, but there isno significant difference between gender and satisfaction Facebook dimension of trust in the media, social difference.

The age of information has laid the ground for revolutionizing human life in every aspect, thanks to factors like thephenomenal growth in information technology. Meanwhile, diplomacy, with a precedence as long as history itself, and asalways, based on the two main elements of information and communication, has been prone to be affected by the features ofthe age of information more than any other social domain. Connection of far apart governments together via electronicnetworks, facilitation of entry to the international arena for new players, free flow of information, domination over theinternet, are all tell tales about a procedure that has changed diplomacy both in appearance content, making it in need for anew and fundamental re-definition and modification, giving birth to new forms of action, such as digital diplomacy which arenow important, given their role in relations between governments and international organizations.Digital diplomacy, in a general sense, means solving problems in foreign policy via cyber space while paying specialattention to the technical aspects of improving communication and the role of the media in serving diplomacy. The presentarticle tries to prove that cyber space is changing the frameworks of diplomacy and international policy. Initially, in doing so,it presents issues proving the fact that influential international media and networks employ the vast facilities of cyber space tomaterialize their own political goals in western countries and especially in the US. As for the next step, the article argues thatthese media by the use of effective cycle of medium and taking reactionary stances, attract audiences on one hand, and on theother, have an effect on global events by mobilizing individuals in social networks and coordination of goals and symbolizingthe ambitions of various groups and gatherings. So, the capabilities of international and social media and networks areunderstood and grasped by politicians as the fats that have shaped the main part of priorities in diplomacy.

According to ever-increasing impact of media on the audience especially the press,it is necessary that we study the sense ofaudience and absorb them more .In this research we want to compare audience's satisfaction on Hamshahri and Iran newspaper and after that the media areable more absorb the audience and continue with more power and knowledge .

As with any academic field, terrorism studies is in large part constituted by an identifiable and fairly consistent set of sharedassumptions, narratives and labels about its primary subject as well as an accepted body of knowledge-generating practices.These narratives, assumptions and knowledge-generating practices function to define the field’s ontological, epistemological,methodological and ethical-normative approaches which can be found in much of the field’s primary output, particularly byits leading scholars. Since, nowadays there is a great knowledge about different dimensions of terrorism that should bestudied in term of interdisciplinary and analytical matters. In this regard, we can address about formation of critical terrorismwhich attempts to explain terrorism phenomenon. So, the main question of this paper is that if critical approach couldestablish a comprehensive frame for studying terrorism as it did in other fields. For this aim, by applying critical approach toterrorism in two steps, including; deepening and broadening terrorism research shows that such critical view not only revealshortage of dominant traditional paradigm such as, lack of self- reflexivity, lack of contextualization, ahistoricity, statistbias, media censoring, dearth of fieldwork and so on, but also provides more comprehensive framework for terrorismstudies.

Present research investigates “evaluatation of media ethics in Hamshahry newspaper” from perspective of communicationscience and journalism students of Allameh Tabatabai University in the academic year 2013-2014. This research isconducted through survey research. For data collection, questionnaire is used. Population studied included all undergraduatestudents, masters and doctoral degree in journalism and communication science of Allameh Tabatabai University who arestudying in these schools, their number is 1280 persons. The questionnaire was handed out to 384 students as the researchsample randomly. Survey results showed that the negative correlation between socioeconomic status and satisfaction withspeech and weak (0.144) and 95 % confidence level , this relationship has been confirmed between respecting freedom ofexpression and media ethics in the newspaper among the respondents , there is a significant relationship with a strongcorrelation coefficient (0.736) and there was a significant relationship between the accuracy of Hamshahry newspaper andmedia ethics a strong correlation coefficient (0.774) and 99 % confidence level of significance was confirmed, betweenprivacy of Hamshahry newspaper and media ethics strongly correlated with (0.427) and 99 % confidence approved.

Today, the emergence and spread of new media and their undeniable impact on society, especially its communication on allaspects of human life extends, from the perspective of sociology is to find a social nature. Approaches and approaches thatreveal the role of the media in the amount of social interaction and communication are key to improving them based on socialrelations and interactions between individuals and institutions are located. The Internet as the main medium ofcommunication in the modern plays an essential role in these interactions .this social media, they are somewhat susceptible.We're going to look at sociological research, the role of the Internet, social media, and pay students. The independent variablein this study, the Internet and social relations of the dependent variable. About the extent of social relationships (at the levelof family, friends and community members) to the variables ( rate , duration of use and type of Internet use ) are discussed ,results showed a significant relationship between Internet use and the amount of there is no relationship between the familyand friends of this relationship, the relationship is significant . It also became clear on the relationship between Internet useand the level of relationships; social activities on the Internet at the level of social relations have played a role in all threelevels.

In the present era of information and communication revolution pervades geographical boundaries and dramatic changes hasbeen created in the global arena, media can be such a useful tool to help the modern man have desired life, ideals and fruitfulusing the latest scientific phenomena; furthermore, if the tool is used incorrectly or in bad faith can act as a devastating andcatastrophic force. To have audience will be able to protect themselves against media destructive consequences andchallenges in life alongside present plural media by enjoyment of well informed and actively media should create newliteracy that is called by the name of media literacy. Literacy media in addition to considerable ability in traditional literacythat is reading and writing skills creates the ability to analyze and evaluate messages and data transmission to others invarious formats and by different instruments in man. It also enables people to understand media work procedure and howmeaning it, i.e. the nature and purposes of media produced messages and effects and techniques of various media which makehim out of the mere consumerism and resist him against the damaging effects of the media.To clarify this issue, the study seeks to answer the question that what is approach of media literacy in developing countries?In this research, comparative study is used based on library and document method using information written resources,documents and valid scientific evidence needed to answer the research question were collected and presented. The author hastried to represent the approach of developed countries such as UK, Canada, Japan and the United States to promote medialiteracy in their communities.

In this study, in order to find out The Role of Cultural Factors Affecting On Knowledge Management In Tehran Sharg (gyamDasht) University Staff &, Teachers opinions have been brought up and investigated. And also some different opinionsamong Tehran Sharg (gyam Dasht) University Staff &, Scholars were gathered and analyzed and then the presented opinionsby them have been used.The method conducted in this study is field research and library literature one. In terms of the way of conducting, it will becorrelational research and in terms of the research purpose, it will be among applied researches.The statistical population of this study is whole Tehran Sharg (gyam Dasht) University Staff &, Teachers. To accomplish thepurpose of the study and because of the vast numbers of Staff &, Scholars in Tehran Sharg (gyam Dasht) University,Nonrandom selecting has been used. Around 120 Students in Tehran Sharg (gyam Dasht) University. So Nonprobability methodwas available to be used. In order to gather required data and information in this study, a questionnaire containing 28questions, which has been compiled by the researcher himself, was given to the participants. Based on Cronbach’s alpha, thevalidity of the questionnaire mentioned above was estimated 0.74 that shows its high validity.In Next Phase, the researcher has analyzed and interpreted the data gathered. Both descriptive and inferential statistics havebeen used to analyze the data of this study. Description of data has been presented in table representing different indices suchas k2-test were used to get into the proper conclusion and test hypotheses.

Technology development in producing, processing, releasing and usage of information caused a deep change in relationshipbetween humans and organizations. Now a day in developed society, organizations move toward by use the strategy of dataand relation technology in the realm their goals. In the meantime, Public Relations as the most basic and most important unitof any organization plays the role of informing and a strong communicating bridge between staffs organization and externalmilieu. This unit can be the corridor for changes and provide necessary awareness for accelerating the change process bytraining instruments it holds. Also public relationship or necessary skills can be effective in top management so thatmanagement be accompanied in change processing. If we accept that use of data technology and relationship in a basicchange is positive and effective, with the adoption, public relations find a new face that one way of providing of this new faceis changing public relation from traditional to electronic. The electronic public relation can firm its activities with detailedplans measurement by data technologies and communicative with quick Informing and on time and considering to Pivotal ofaudience, so that by providing optimized services, clarification of the information, leaves a sense of trust and good mentalpicture in internal and external dimensions of the organization. The basic purpose of this essay is surveying of effectivefactors electronic public relation and also we try to offer the meaning, benefits, limitations and challenges facing electronicpublic relation, to the extent possible.