نشریه پژوهش ملل
پیاپی 40 (فروردین 1398)

After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the creation of new states in Central Asia and the Caucasus, a new chapter in Iran's relations with the countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus began. Hence, the explanation of the strategy of Iranian diplomatic culture in these countries, as well as the study of the role of influential factors governing relations between countries, are the requirements of this research. Because culture has a special place in terms of its impact on the socio-political life of nations. In this research, it has been tried to study the priorities, orientations and cultural approaches of Iran after considering the cultural conditions governing these countries, considering their historical and cultural backgrounds with the emerging units in the area, as well as the explanation of the damage. In this regard, the country of Iran will be addressed. The findings of the research conclude that the performance of cultural diplomacy of Iran in Central and Caucasus is due to the different interactions of the two countries with the international system, the manner and application of cultural strategies, as well as the effectiveness of the institutions responsible for cultural diplomacy.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the corrective justice strategies in family crimes. The family is important in all divine religions, especially in the Islamic religion, and governments adopt different strategies for protecting the family. One of these acts is the criminalization of behaviors and practices that threaten the foundation of the family, and on the other hand, corrective justice, as a flexible criminal policy, seeks to establish a proper mechanism for peace and reconciliation in family crimes, to eliminate hostility between the victim, the perpetrator and their families and return them to the local community. On this basis, the main question of the research is that what are the approaches of corrective justice in family crimes? Using a descriptive-analytical method evaluates the hypothesis that corrective justice establishes a proper mechanism for peace and reconciliation in family crimes. Finally, the findings suggest that corrective justice, as well as the criminal policy that it applies, can effectively and directly contribute to family crimes, in particular the desertion, and can even be better and more effective than traditional methods of execution.

General diplomacy is a relatively new concept that has a long application during the history. Today, governments need public diplomacy to attract public opinion and to persuade their policies and reduce the vulnerability of foreign policy in general. The origin of this feeling of necessity in the present age must be sought in globalization and its implications. The United States is one of the most prominent countries that have benefited from its public diplomacy tool. The history of US use of public diplomacy is relatively long, but the peak of the use of public diplomacy and its affiliate programs in the era after cold war was the period after the attacks of September 11th, 2001. After the September 11th attacks, US officials noticed the depth of hatred of middle east people against their policies and actions. Therefore, they sought to expand their plans within the framework of public diplomacy with the aim of conquering the hearts and minds of the people of this region. In this research, we have been trying to examine how American diplomacy is applied. By using public diplomacy in middle east countries, the United States has been trying to maintain its influence and shape the public opinion of the two countries. In this study, we tried to examine the American public diplomacy in Iraq by an analytical-qualitative method. The United States has focused more on the development of the internet and English language in Iraq.

The Estoppel rule plays an effective role in the realization of justice based on fairness today. The Estoppel rule involves two basic elements of conflict and contradiction in dialogue and party behavior, which is subject to Estoppel, and considering that the basis of this rule is the principle of necessity of good faith, private law considers it as a means to achieve justice and fairness. In fact, the Estoppel rule is the classical and traditional literature used in the early decades of identifying legitimate expectations. This principle, like the Estoppel rule, somehow helps to safeguard the rights of individuals, with the difference that the realm of legitimate expectations is only in the field of public law and the relationship between individuals and the state. The purpose of this study is to introduce the Estoppel rule and its function in the field of public law. The main question to be considered for this study is that what is the scope and characteristics of Estoppel rule in internal public law and is seeking to answer the above question by descriptive-analytic method. Findings of the research show that the Estoppel rule, as one of the fundamental principles of law, has many uses and benefits in international law and domestic law today. One of the main effects of the rule is that it applies governments to behavior and descriptions that are said to be not legally binding, because what governments do is their beliefs and their legal perceptions of one reality and they cannot adopt a position and behavior that is inconsistent with the past, whenever their interests require.

Money laundering is the other side of crime to earn a profit. It is a three-step process whereby the first step is to cut off any direct link between the proceeds (money) from its illegal source, the second step is to hide the rejection of property by performing multiple transactions (both formal and hypothetical), and the third step of the process is bringing a legal appearance to the profit of a crime. Hence, money laundering is a loose link between informal and illegal economics with the formal and legal one. However, in view of the harmful effects of this process, several initiatives have been taken to counter money laundering internationally, but in terms of the obligations of the government of Iran, the convention of United Nations against transnational organized crime, which was held in Palermo in 2000, and FATF's forty principles and UN Security Council Resolution 1373 are of paramount importance. Money laundering is a process in which illegal income is legalized.  The existence of defects in banking, foreign exchange, customs, tax, statistical, and other systems of country has also resulted in the need to revise and update policies to combat this phenomenon. Also, to prevent and combat money laundering, the regulatory and supervisory system should be designed to guarantee the customer identification processes, information records, suspicious transaction reports by financial institutions, and their efforts to prevent the use of offenders from financial channels.

The purpose of this study is to explain the characteristics of the optimal performer in the TV of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, the study of the current status of presentation and its damages, as well as the ways of attracting and using television presenter is a sub-goal of this research. The method of research in this paper is qualitative, which is done by studying documentary and library resources using deep interviewing method. To this end, 20 experts and specialists in this field have been interviewed. Based on the results, the features of an optimal presenter are summarized in four sections. First part, the individual and personality components; second part, the skill and technical components; third part, the external component of the performer; and the fourth part contains the components of professional ethics. Thirteen factors were identified in the study of the current situation of presentation's field and existing threats, including: the lack of attention to specialization in the profession of presentation, the exhibitive performances, weakness in the management and organization of presenters, superficiality and lack of thought and purpose and impact and the vacancy of the training programs. A total of ten operational solutions were proposed for recruitment and selection, including: practical training, practical application, periodic workshops, academic training, holding periodic meetings for presenters, and redefining the criteria based on updated resources .

Arabic and Persian Dari grammar has special uses and has its own characteristics. Syntax among Arabic and Persian Dari languages has special applications and has its own characteristics. Syntax is an old term that has a close connection with the grammatical rules of the language from the beginning of the spokesman and the writing of the languages, and it is also understood in verses of poetry and poetry. Whenever the words or sentences of Arabic and Persian are viewed in an orderly manner, its evaluation by the mere science of terminology and syntactic science discusses how the terms of the sentences and the position of the words in the language are discussed. Nida' is one of the key topics of both languages, which plays a part in the composition of sentences from a grammatical point of view, which is the role of creation in the order of the beauty of the word and its intricacies; therefore, there is a difference between Nida' in Arabic and Persian language. There are also many similarities between them. Since syntax is one of the basic sciences of both languages, one of the basic topics of science is the syntax of the use of Nida' in the command of both languages and has different varieties and is widely used in both Persian Dari and Arabic languages. We decided to study Nida', its types and applications in two Persian and Arabic languages.