نشریه مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی
پیاپی 34 (زمستان 1397)

Reviewing Islamic city literature, it is assured that justice is one of the certain principle of Islamic urban planning along with others principle as unity, respect of properties and some others principle. The subject of environmental justice in Islamic utopia is a practical issues as respond to some current needs of urban planning of country, is one of the basic issues of Islam in Islamic society and city. Such approach can be sought in the neighborhoo d with rural foundation that take the role as problematic neighborhood in the result of failure to properly merging to the city and gradually develop into a variety of environmental inequalities. In this regard, the old Sefein neighbourhood of Kish Island was investigated as the case of urban area exposing injustice in order to applying Shia principle of justice in the urban planning system of Iran. The research method of this article is descriptive- analytical base on documentary studies. Applying surveying method and the questionnaire tool to explore more accurate the subject in the case study, Sefein- Kish. Based on theoretical and empirical studies, the common factors of environmental justice in Islamic utopia and urban planning theories are socio-economic equality, environmental equality and procedural equality. Due to the Evidence derived from the results of the questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient 0.928 in field studies, the most inequities is in socioeconomic factor from the perspective of the opportunity- cost distribution with a standard score 2.45. Finally, considering the special emphasis of Islamic utopia on social equity, the factors of environmental justice are reviewed and introduced from the perspective of Islamic utopia. These are: justice in opportunity- cost distribution; justice in regard to capacities and abilities of individual; justice in recognition of individual; and finally injustice in political process public participation in all stages of preparation and implementation of plans, decisions and urban polices taking.

Today, in the literature of planning and urban design, Focus on small-scale urban in the military hierarchy of Urban divisions as the most important residential scale has been Special attention. In this case, attention to the Iranian and Islamic values had a decisive role in the type of elements, attributes, quality of relationships, the way formation and the identity of the neighborhood and the city. In this case, present research evaluates the features designed in the neighborhoods with the help of indexes that derived from the principles of the Islamic religion. To achieve this aim, two neighborhoods (Juybareh as an old neighborhoods and Negin town as a new neighborhoods) was selected in Isfahan. Then the residential neighborhood design indicators based on the principles of Islam religion was extracted. In this regard, 25 indicators in the three aspects (Physical, Social and Economical) were selected. In the next step, using the questionnaire technique and field studies, the research data were collected. In the next step, the collected data was entered into SPSS software. Finally, the Situation of two neighborhoods, according to the Islamic community design indicators through using two-sample t-test were compared. The results of statistical analyzes indicate that the mean of the two groups in the two neighborhoods studied has a significant difference in 20 indexes and also the average of the indicators in the neighborhood of Juybareh is much higher than Negin town. Respectively, the largest difference between the two studied areas is in the social, physical and economic sectors. The important point is that in the economic sector have very little difference between the two neighborhoods.

The broadness and complexity of dimensions of urban life, especially in metropolises, have ‎diminished the role of urban neighborhoods in shaping social ties and place attachment. Though ‎many researchers have focused on quantitative measurement of the impact of the neighboring tie on ‎place attachment, a smaller number of studies are dedicated to the description of the quality and depth ‎of neighboring relations in Iranian-Islamic communities. This article tries to describe the quality of ‎neighboring ties and its interactions with place attachment through a holistic and qualitative ‎approach. With this aim, neighboring and place attachment is studied in Sagharisazan neighborhood, ‎which is one of the traditional and historical neighborhoods of the Rasht city. This neighborhood is ‎located in the central part of the city and despite many changes, it‏ ‏almost has maintained the social ‎and structural features of a traditional community. Resident’s memories and everyday life ‎experiences in the neighborhood should be analyzed to reach a comprehensive picture of the quality of ‎neighboring ties and place attachment in a traditional neighborhood. For this purpose, ‎‏17‏‎ in-depth ‎interviews with long-term residents of the neighborhood have been done by applying narrative ‎mapping method. drawing a hand sketch of neighborhood map in past and showing places on it, and ‎their changes through time, was very helpful for interviewees to remember memories from a long ‎time ago, in some cases more than half-century.in next step, qualitative content analysis of ‎information obtained from interviews have been done. Being a neighbor in this community is an ‎important certain social role that brings a certain sense of commitment and responsibility with itself. ‎High neighboring ties and social residence in neighborhood boundaries enrich different places around ‎it with social meaning and shared memories of the community residents. Therefore, it can be ‎concluded that place attachment in traditional Iranian neighborhood is mostly affected by the social ‎meaning of neighborhood places. Furthermore, place attachment among residents of the traditional ‎neighborhood is classified as an active attachment which is much more valuable than traditional or ‎inactive attachment to an urban neighborhood.

Renovation of deteriorated areas has been carried out with different approaches to improve the quality of the environment. Today, rehabilitation as the predominant paradigm of renovation, considers wider dimensions to improve the quality of the environment. On the other hand, the quality of the environment also takes into account different dimensions by examining the characteristics of the living environment. The present research has been conducted with the aim of studying the dimensions and indices of environmental quality in the rehabilitation of deteriorated areas in Iranian-Islamic cities through a qualitative (descriptive-analytic) method using MaxQDA software as a research instrument. The prevailing approach to the paper emphasizes the consistency (science and religion) and the model is extracted by combining the concepts of the quality of the environment, rehabilitation, and Islamic-Iranian city. The model of research is based on dimensions and levels. The dimensions were obtained by the adaptation of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the environmental quality with five dimensions of rehabilitation. The levels (physical, mental and spiritual) of the model were also extracted from the existential areas of mankind (derived from Islamic studies) are derived from the conformance of the levels of the model. The research results show that the quality of the environment in the rehabilitation of Iranian-Islamic cities will not be focused solely on the physical dimension, but also encompasses social, managerial, functional, economic, perceptual and environmental dimensions. The process of rehabilitation and the environment must respond to the physical, emotional and rational needs of man in any of the dimensions mentioned above.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the ancient structure of Ardakan city for the development of urban tourism and to achieve sustainable development and sustainable city. The purpose of this research is to analyze the ancient structure of Ardakan city for the development of urban tourism and to achieve to sustainable development and sustainable city. Since the old tissue of Ardakan city is associated with inefficiencies in various dimensions, its consequences are accompanied by an increase in social anomalies, economic downturn and instability of the old age, the microorganism of the tissue, the lack of investment incentives, the desire for migration and the continuous changes of the native social fabric, and There is a substitute for poor social groups; the most important approach to managing and revitalizing it is the urban regeneration approach. In urban regeneration, unlike previous urban planning processes that focused solely on physical aspects and prevented the realization of the goals of modernization, the development and rehabilitation of the economic, social, cultural and functional dimensions of the city played an important role and The inseparable part of the urban development process is discussed. Urban regeneration is one of the methods for urban tourism planning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of recreation of the old textures in Ardakan city to help develop urban tourism by recognizing the optimal patterns of city development and development. Hence the dominant perspectives for sustainable urban regeneration. This research has been exploratory-analytic in terms of method. The study area in the present study was the old tissue of Ardakan city, which was 47 hectares and was composed of three neighborhoods. The sample consists of 30 experts from the municipality, cultural heritage and urban elites. The data analysis method was using SWOT and GIS and SPSS softwares. The findings of this study showed that recreational measures in Ardakan’s old context in physical, economic, social and environmental dimensions were obtained at 3.4 strength points and 1.47 in weaknesses. The above dimensions of the external factors and the points of opportunity were equal to 3.47 and at 1.60 points of threat. Regarding the quality of recreational activities for tourism development based on the spatial analysis and SWOT model, it was found that the Charkhab neighborhood and parts of the southern neighborhood of the new market have the most dispersed dilapidated and inactive parts, and it is necessary to pay more attention to these parts To be Strategies for the rehabilitation and maintenance of historically valuable elements, the creation and organization of business and service activities, prioritizing the pedestrian movement, the use of consensus of organs to revive the historical context in the recreation of the old city of Ardakan were introduced as the main suggestions of the research.

Naghshe Jahan Square is one of the most important urban spaces in Iranian architecture. Considering the interactivity of this square with the surrounding urban spaces, there has been a significant number of entries in different periods. Among these entrances is a gateway to the western side and near the Ali Qapu that its use, construction and architectural features have remained so far unknown. By examining this gateway, in general, it is possible to reveal some of the formal and functional changes of the square, and in particular, the construction history, architecture, and architectural features of the gate. So far, a number of scholars have done some research on the developments in the square. This research first explains the construction history, function and form of the western gateway architecture. The data from this research is a combination of documentary and field data. In this study, by examining descriptive and visual documents of various historical periods and checking the present status, the current position of the gateway and its past usage were determined. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the form and function of this gateway as well as the reason for its construction. Investigations revealed that during the Safavid period, the entrance to this gate was the entrance without a specific door. In the Qajar era, where a large part of the square use is devoted to military operations, in spaces connected to the gate on the western side, a military barrack is organized in the square of Chaharhouze and surrounding areas. This gate has been the pass way between the military barracks and Naghshe Jahan Square. In addition, by comparing the architectural features of this gate with other gates belonging to the Qajar period, the time of construction can be considered this period. This gate was destroyed during the first Pahlavi era and this part of the square has returned to its former shape.