مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (بهار 1398)

Antibiotics presence in drinking waters causes health problems for humans. The present study investigated chitosan potential in the adsorption of antibiotic Metronidazole from aquatic environments. The current study was conducted in an experimental scale in a batch system. The effect of input variables including pH, operating time, chitosan dose, and Metronidazole concentration on the adsorption performance was investigated in a central composite design upon on response surface methodology. Isotherm and kinetic studies also were explored in optimum condition of inputs variables. To detect the residual concentration of Metronidazole, the DR 5000 spectrophotometer at the 320 nm wavelength was applied. The results showed that the adsorption process follows a second-order polynomial model with F-value=990.936 and P<0.0001, R2=0.9989 and Adj-R2=0.9979. The optimum level of independent variables includes pH=4.74, contact time= 60 min, chitosan dose=1.5 g/L and Metronidazole concentration=20 mg/L, in which the highest removal efficiency was obtained about 85%. In the following, it was observed that the adsorption process corresponds to Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic models with R2 value of 0.9965 and 0.9859, respectively. In this study, it was observed that the chitosan has a high ability in the adsorption of Metronidazole; therefore, chitosan compound can be proposed as neutral adsorbent with major potential in adsorption of Metronidazole and other similar antibiotics from aqueous environments.

Methamphetamine (METH), as a highly neurotoxic compound, is associated with irreversible brain cell damage and results in neurological and psychiatric abnormalities. This study aimed to determine if crocin can protect hippocampus against METH-induced neurotoxicity. thirty-six male Wistar rats that weighed 260-300 grs were randomly allocated to five groups of control (n=6), crocin 90 mg/kg (n=6), METH (n=6), METH + crocin 30 mg/kg (n=6), METH + crocin 60 mg/kg (n=6), and METH + crocin 90 mg/kg (n=6). METH neurotoxicity was induced by 40 mg/kg of METH in four injections (e.g., 4×10 mg/kg q. 2 h, IP). Crocin was intraperitoneally (IP) injected at 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h after the final injection of METH
Seven days after METH injection, spatial memory test was evaluated by Morris water maze and then the rats’ brains were removed for Nissl staining staining to assess necrosis neuronal death within the hippocampal CA1 area. Crocin treatment could significantly improve spatial memory deficits and reduced necrosis cell death in CA1 area of hippocampus Crocin exerts neuroprotective effects on METH neurotoxicity via the inhibition of necrosis.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases and second leading cause of death among infectious diseases. Sputum smear negative at the end of the second month of treatment is considered as the most significant method of recovery diagnosis. This research was conducted due to evaluating the effective factors of the sputum smear negative for pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the end of the second month of treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 274 patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis who were referred to health centers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from 2015 to 2016. Patients' demographics and clinical signs were extracted from their medical records and the effective factors of the sputum smear negativity at the end of the second month were evaluated by applying logistic regression At the end of the second month, 171 subjects (62.4 %) had smear negative, of whom 103 (60.2%) were women and 68 (64%) were men. In logistic regression, history of tuberculosis, the level of smear grade at the beginning of treatment and nationality are considered as significant factors. Smear grade at the beginning of treatment should be taken into account for pulmonary tuberculosis patients as the main marker of the response to treatment. However, by considering other factors, negative effects due to delay in treatment can be prevented.

MTNR1B genes expression is associated with increase of the of type 2 diabetes . The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of high intensity intermittent exercise on MTNR1B gene, glucose and insulin levels in diabetic rats In this study, 30 male Wistar rats weighing 220± 20g were divided into three groups control, diabetic and HIIT/diabetic groups. Administration of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA) induced experimental diabetes in the rat. Interval Exercise (HIIT) performed for 12 weeks (5 times/30 mintes). The glucose concentration examined using oxidase colorimetric method, insulin by ELISA and gene expression was measured by RT-Real time PCR. All statistical analysis performed using s SPSS. Exercise program decreased fasting blood glucose and serum insulin in diabetic group compared to the control (P=0.001). Intensive interval training decreased MTNR1B gene expression in pancreatic tissue compared to diabetic control group (P=0.023). There was a significant correlation between the expression of MTNR1B and serum insulin (P=0.039, r=-0.84) The results showed that twelve weeks of high intensity intermittent exercise decrease blood glucose and increase serum insulin and decrease of MTNR1B gene expression in pancreatic tissue.

Ionizing irradiation from natural and manmade instruments is a big thread to human genetic health. So, finding the protective agents against this thread would have a great role in increasing the quality of human life. Due to the unwanted side effects and high price, chemical radioprotectants do not have widespread use in this matter.  Search for finding natural radioprotectants with herbal origin has been accelerated. Therefore, in this research radioprotective effect of Salvia limbata against induced chromosomal damages by X-irradiation was analyzed. Ten healthy male volunteers were divided in two groups. First group was treated with vitamin E and the second one was treated with brewed Salvia limbata for one week. Blood sampling and 2 Gy x-irradiation was performed right after, 24, 96 hours and one week after last consumption of vitamin E and brewed Salvia limbata as well as before start of the treatments. Chromosomal aberrations were calculated using micronucleus assay in binucleated cells. Results showed the decrease in the frequency of micronucleus after vitamin E and Brewed Salvia limbata treatment. Comparing the results of two treatment regimens revealed that effect of vitamin E in decreasing the micronucleus frequency was temporary and its protective effect diminished after 24 hours, however, radioprotective effect of brewed Salvia limbata was long lasting in comparison to vitamin E. According to the performed study, it seems that brewed Salvia limbata could be a suitable alternative for chemical radioprotectant with some harmful side effects and high price.

Lead as a heavy metal at the same time as industrial development has become one of the most important pollutants that has irreparable health effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of hydro-alcoholic extract on lead induced bone marrow toxicity. In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Control group (physiological serum), lead group 20 mg / kg, lead group + 100 mg / kg Ferulla, 300 mg / kg, 600 mg / kg Ferulla. The groups were exposed with Pb via IP injection for one week. Then the treatment was performed with Ferulla extract in different doses for one week. Then mice were anesthetized and a cardiac blood sample in EDTA obtained. Femoral bone samples were also isolated from the mice. The indexes of Hb, Hct, RBC, WBC, PLT and comet indexes were evaluated. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in hematological indices in lead toxicity compared to sham. Also, the DNA fracture in the poisoning group was significantly higher than that of sham. Treated groups with Ferulla. exhibited recovery effects in comparison with the lead induced toxicity group in a dose dependent manner. Due to the mechanism of lead induced toxicity, the use of compounds with antioxidant properties can help prevent of disorder and improve complications.

Ovulation induction using gonadotropins increases the progesterone at the end of follicular phase and subsequently has a negative effect on the outcome of ovulation induction. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of progesterone administration on the number of secondary follicles on ovulation In this study, 15 adult female rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, ovulation induction group and ovulation induction group with progesterone administration. In experimental groups, ovulation stimulation was performed with hMG and hCG, and then false pregnancy was induced in all three groups. In Experimental group 2, after induction of pregnancy, 1 mg progesterone daily was injected. For histological examination, ovarian samples were taken from all three groups at the time of pre-implantation and statistical analysis perforemd. The number of secondary follicles in experimental groups 1 was significantly higher than the experimental group 2 and control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group. Progesterone administration after ovulation stimulation inhibits folliculogenesis and thus prevents excessive ovarian stimulation syndrome. Progesterone administration balance ovulation stimulation.