نشریه پدافند غیر عامل و امنیت
پیاپی 10 (پاییز 1393)

The goal of this article is the conceptual analysis of the Holy Quran verses based on some principles of passive defense. The target population of the research includes the holy Quran verses and the statistical sample is the same population. Knowing that some passive defense principles have a significant relationship with the holy Quran verses, the writer suggests the main question of the research as follows: Can the principles of the Passive defense be inferred from the Holy Quran verses? Using the method of descriptive analysis, all the verses of the holy Quran have been evaluated, surveyed and classified according to intended purpose of the research. The findings of the data analysis show the principles of locating, cover, deception, hardening, fortification and early warning in passive defense principles are all in conformity with some of the holy Quran verses.

In this study, the impact and role of passive defense in reducing the vulnerability of critical economic installations of the I.R.I is considered and the purpose is to determine the extent of this impact and role. The research itself is applied- developmental and the methodology of it is descriptive- causative. Data collection is based on survey and questionnaires. The research thesis says considering principles of passive defense will reduce the vulnerabilities of critical economic facilities of the I.R.I., which has been confirmed. The population was 130, and according to Kukran formula the sample population was 69. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by repeated testing and using Cronbach’s alpha equal to 0/973 in SPSS. The results indicated that the role of passive defense in reducing the vulnerability of critical economic facilities of the I.R.I is inevitable and the measures of locating, hardening, fortification, scattering and movement has influential role in dispersion of these installations and have the following relationship: Dispersion = (locating)+0/236 (scattering and movement)+0/204 (hardening and fortifications)1/121+0/236

The present study has been done to determine the role of psychological factors of soft power in the field of passive defense. The question of the research asks what the role of these factors is. The main thesis says that these factors include three roles of influential mentality, preferences- beliefs and illustration. The reliability and validity of the tools were considered through appropriate methods. The population of this study consists of 30 people, all professionals, experts and specialists in the field of soft power at Passive Defense Organization and Sahefaja. Since the population was so few, no sample population was chosen. Research findings show that: 1. In the field of passive defense, the illustration method of soft power includes image- making, presenting a large amount of data, using advanced technologies and utilizing worldwide news networks. 2. In the field of passive defense, psychological factors of soft power affect behaviours through changing the subjective beliefs. 3. Knowing the methods of influencing the minds of people and awakening them in this field, the psychological factors of soft power in the field of passive defense can be managed.

The current article studies passive defense requirements in the central scope of University of Applied Science and Technology against cyber attacks. Hence, the main question of the research asks what passive defense requirements are in the central scope of university of applied science and technology against cyber attacks. Research thesis technically states that they will improve the university security system structures including biometric hardware, local cypher devices, hardware locks, security assessment software, data control and malware detectors. This study is presented and discussed, for the first time, in the central scope of University of Applied Science and Technology following the instructions of the supreme leader on the sheer need for scientific scrutiny on passive defense requirements against cyber attacks. The best approach is to clarify the requirements of passive defense against cyber attacks. The research method is descriptive and the opinions of some experts of the central scope of University of Applied Science and Technology, professionals of Farabi University and technical experts of Passive Defense Organization have been considered and asked as the statistical population in a period of two years. The validity of this study has been calculated by Cronbach’s alpha test. The findings confirm the theses and are accepted by the university IT experts and are effective against cyber attacks.

Given the potential threats and risks to national security, independence and territorial integrity, the importance of passive defense has been considered by high-ranking civilian and military officials during recent years and the more managers and experts give importance to this issue, the more security the country will have against possible attacks by foreign enemies. Hence, one of the security components is establishing security in the scope of water and sanitation in Tehran. Accordingly, the article studies the main goal to assess the vulnerability of distribution network and water- sanitation lines in Tehran and asks what the vulnerabilities of distribution network and water-sanitation lines in Tehran are and seeks to confirm or reject the main thesis of the article which says utilizing passive defense measures in the scope of Tehran water and sanitation system whether in the distribution network (physical security, camouflage deception, hardening, concealment, biochemical contamination, cyber attacks to smart installations and telemetry systems) or in transmission lines (scattering, establishing barriers, traffic control, using smart equipment, personnel training, and implementing procedures such as bio-monitoring) is an appropriate action. Meanwhile, with a scientific investigation of these variables (vulnerability of distribution network and water- sanitation transmission lines in Tehran) it is tried to find and discuss how these vulnerabilities can be reduced.

Planning for a crisis (crisis management) in our country which is potentially under the risk of natural disasters and critical situations, is of great importance. The municipality is one of the responsible organizations for crisis management. The goal of this study is planning for an Emergency Operation Plan (EOP) for an after-quake crisis in Tehran and a case study in district 8, region 4 (Hakimie neighborhood) is presented. The main thesis of the article is planning on the perspective of Emergency Operation Plan (EOP), including public training, assigning managers in appropriate positions and contributing budget. The need for implementing such work is lack of any operational plan for emergency management in this district and neglecting the dimensions of operational crisis planning. This planning helps to determine some indices such as supervision or control, communication, safeguarding people and finance, early warning along with prompt evacuation and temporary accommodation of the rescued, and also through appropriate assigning of executers, to reach the main goal of the crisis management which is decreasing casualties and damages caused by the disaster. This research is an applied one and its method is descriptive- analysis. The statistical population is 30 senior managers of region 4 of Tehran Municipality, possessing M.A. or PhD degrees with more than 10 year work background on the field of crisis and civil management. Using experiences of Crisis Management Organization in district 8 of Tehran Municipality (Hakimieh) the results were shown in tables in which problems that might occur before, during and after the earthquake along with appropriate solutions and the responsible organizations have been included. These tables can be used as practical guidelines for crisis management in an emergency.

The Islamic Republic of Iran in its economic spheres has been dealt with problems or issues which has never ever been exemplified or happened whether in theory and books or in practice and experience. Hence, the Islamic Revolution needs to develop innovation, creativity, theorizing and modeling in new field of experimental economy. Any country who raises the flag to fight against the global arrogance should prepare such patterns. One of these patterns or concepts is "resistance economy". Unlike the western austerity which is based on two principles of more taxes and fewer services, the resistance economy is a fully active and aggressive one and highly progressive. On the other hand, possessing different groups of mobilized people, Basij (mobilized population) should be, as has always been, ready to come to the scene and increasingly strive to conquer the various fronts of resistance economy one after each other. In this way, professional people of Basij can pass the barriers as they have done in reconstructing the country. The purpose of this paper is to recognize the roles of Basij in resistance economy. In order to clarify this problem, 129 individuals were identified and assessed by using Kukran's formula and a descriptive- analysis method. The tool for data collecting was based on 23 item researcher- made questionnaire. The reliability and the validity of the research were respectively confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.912) and some experts and professionals. The information was gathered by a precise survey and the analysis was performed through Chi-square test. The results are as follows: 1. Applied science education for people, such as agriculture and animal husbandry, is one of the necessities of resistance economy. 2. Effective cultural measures have done so far in establishing resistance economy including correcting the consumption pattern, waste prevention, double efforts and work, economic strife, considering national production, and supporting Iranian labor and capital. 3. Social factors such as work culture and spirit of interaction and partnership among people are of the most important issues in resistance economy.