مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 97، تابستان 1398)

The purpose of this study was to survey the mental and social health status in Iranian workplaces and recommend promoting approaches. This research has a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods design. The study data were collected through review of documents and resources, interviews, and group discussions. The results were classified in three separate areas of the current situation, future direction, and requirements of implementation. Analysis of data revealed that mental health plans for workplaces were autonomous and voluntarily not pre-planned or based on national policy. Also, the evaluation was not performed before and after the intervention. Recommended approaches to promote mental and social health are administrating promotional interventions, compulsory interventions, and facilitative interventions. The recommended approaches in this study should be approved by the coordination council for health services of the insured people and gradually be implemented in the framework of a national policy for promoting social and mental health throughout the country and first from one province as a pilot study.

The current study aimed at serving the effects of continuous and interval exercise training on decreasing the depression and anxiety in patients with heart diseases after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.  The research method was semi-experimental and the statistical population included the cardiac patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery at Tehran Heart Center. They were referred to the Tehran Heart Center in the first three months of 2010. Twenty patients were selected from Tehran Heart Center and divided into a selected aerobic continuous training (n=10) or an aerobic interval training (n=10) with three intervals, three times a week for eight weeks. Depression and anxiety were measured by Persian version of Castello and Camri questioner. Also T student test was employed for within group analysis. Spss Version 16 was used for statistical analyses. The study results showed that both selected aerobic continuous (pre-exercise 89.16±5.48, in comparison with post exercise 82.30±4.78, P=0.008) and interval exercise (pre-exercise 83.70±5.01in comparison with post exercise 77.30±3.80, P=0.022) programs had a decremented beneficial significant effect on depression and anxiety. Also there were no significant differences between the two groups in improving the anxiety and depression (P=0.381). It can be concluded that both continuous and interval aerobic exercise programs had a positive effect on reducing the anxiety and depression of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but no differences were observed between type (continuous, interval, resistance, Aerobics, etc.) and intensity (low, moderate and severe) and their effects on the mental and psychological aspects. Therefore, both types of programs are proposed for clinical centers and psychological rehabilitation.

The current causal-comparative study aimed at comparing resiliency and self-efficacy between athletes and non-athletes with disabilities caused by Spinal Cord Injury (SCI).  Using simple random sampling method, 32 subjects were enrolled in each group. Data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale and the Sherer general self-efficacy questionnaire.  The findings of the study showed that athletes with disabilities had more resilience than their non-athlete counterparts (P=0.006). However, considering the score of 50 as the appropriate resiliency threshold, there was no significant difference in resilience between the two groups, and the total self-efficacy score, with mode of 65, was higher in the athletes than non-athletes (P=0.001). Also, the findings of the study showed a significant relationship between resilience and self-efficacy, and doing exercise. And sports can be suggested as a way to promote resilience and self-efficacy in people with SCI.  According to the findings of the present study, there is a significant relationship between resilience and self-efficacy, and doing exercise. Exercise is likely to be a way to promote resilience and self-efficacy in people with SCI.

The residential addiction treatment centers in Iran are to some extent successful in the treatment of drug addicts and psychotropic  substance users, but reports on of  mortality in residential treatment centers are a matter of concern and should be investigated. The current study aimed at investigating the causes of mortality in residential addiction treatment centers in Iran. The current descriptive retrospective study was conducted on a all mortalities in all middle and long-term residential addiction treatment centers from 2011 to 2016 The data were collected through two questionnaires. The first questionnaire elicited data about the residential addiction treatment centers and the second questionnaire elicited the data related to mortality cases. The residential addiction treatment centers completed questionnaires based on the secondary information from the patients’ reports. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 19. Overall, during the five years of the study period, 107 people died in the residential addiction treatment centers from which their reports were received. The proportion of deaths among the subjects sentenced to residential treatment centers related to Article 16 of addiction amendment (47 per 100000 individuals) was higher than the ratio of deaths among the ones voluntarily referred to normal residential addiction treatment centers (21 per 100000 individuals). The average time of occurrence of death after admission to residential addiction treatment at the centers was 11 days. Cardiovascular disease and substance overdose/withdrawal were reported as the most important causes of death among drug addicts under treatment in the residential addiction treatment centers. The total number of deaths in residential addiction treatment centers increased from 2011 the year 2015 and the mortality level was higher among the ones sentenced to residential treatment centers related to Article 16 addiction amendment. Most of the deaths could be prevented with timely and effective measures.

The present study aimed at exploring the role of gender, marital status, coping strategies, religious orientation, and depression level in predicting suicidal tendencies using a correlational, and in some cases, practical methodology. The sample group included 260 bachelor students (175 male and 85 female; 213 single and 72 married) of Shiraz University in the academic year 2011-2012. The subjects were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method and then measured using Carver and Scheier Coping Strategy questioners (short form), Allport religious orientation questioners (short form), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). The data were analyzed using enter regression method and SPSS 20 software. Regression coefficients indicated that masculinity (B=0.83), ineffective coping style (B=5.91), specifically coping strategies for denial (B=1.04), self-blaming (B=0.81) and non-behavioral conflict (B=0.49) can positively and significantly predict the risk of suicide, while acceptance as coping strategy (B=-0.48) predicts this risk negatively and significantly.  The results showed that the above variables in the strongest predictive equation had 78% of the variance of suicide risk. Thus, when encountering the individuals exposed to suicidal risks, psychologists are expected to focus more on training coping methods.

The current study aimed at validating the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of suicidal behavior in Iranian students.  The population of the current descriptive correlational and structural equation model included all students of Ardabil city among which 520 people of Mohaghegh Ardabili University students were selected as the sample. Suicide Attempt Scale, The Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Implementation Scale, The Short Defeat and Entrapment Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Impulsivity Scale, Exposure to suicidal behavior Scale, Self-Perceived Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale, and Non-suicidal self-injury Scale were used.  The study findings showed that the modal had a good fitness in students’ community and can explain suicide properly. Defeat and Entrapment play the most  roles in forming suicide ideas and interpersonal needs; loneliness has a  little effect on forming suicide ideas. Implementation, acquired capability for suicide and suicide ideas are the most important mediators that can explain suicide attempt in this model.  Based on the current study findings it can be concluded that Motivational Volitional Model can explain suicide.

The purpose of this project is to develop a syllabus and educational package of spiritual skills for students that can be taught to students by integrating with life skills training courses for spiritual health promotion by mentors and psychologists and counselors. First, the design of a curriculum and educational content with a review of resources and research on life skills, spirituality in health and religious and Islamic resources, spiritual dimensions of human, holistic and systematic approaches to human beings; also consoling  and psychotherapy with a spiritual-religious approach for literature review and analysis, and educational curriculum development method. Then a list of educational objectives and syllabuses was set up. In order to assess educational needs and confirm the goals and prioritize the educational issues, these findings were put into expert counsellors’ discussions, clinical psychologists, and field experts in the field of student counseling. Finally opinion polls, curriculum and package of education in several national educational workshops were evaluated and finalized for publication.  8 spiritual skills were developed and validated from many skills. Also training subjects, aims and skills was written in a students and trainers packages. In final faze acceptability and validity as well as relation to be culture bound of finding were find by group meeting of personnel of different universities counseling centers This curriculum and educational package could be presented as the first educational model in the field of spiritual skills for the development of spiritual health and counseling. This curriculum and educational package was prepared on the basis of the needs and opinion
polls of the students of the country’s counseling centers and could be presented as the first educational model in the field of spiritual skills for the development of spiritual health and further study on its promotionto the community.

The present study aimed at employing a thematic synthesis approach to respond to this fundamental question: what is the post-traumatic growth process? The current study was a thematic synthesis of qualitative papers on post traumatic growth. From 50 Studies about post-traumatic growth from 2007 to 2018, 18 papers met the inclusion criteria for Systematic review. Papers were analyzed based on Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis approach that includes three steps: free encoding of preliminary studies findings, organizing free codes into descriptive themes, and developing analytical topics using descriptive themes.  In total, after analyzing the results of the research, three main themes and 7 categories were obtained. The first theme was reaction to  trauma with the category of primary emotions; the second theme was the requirements to begin the PTG with two categories including time and reality comprehension; and the third theme was the emergence of post-traumatic growth with four categories including Individual, social, psychological, and spiritual developments. According to the study findings it can be concluded that people show different emotions after expousure to traumatic events and after some time with processing the events they experience growth in different aspects of their lives.