فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی زنان
پیاپی 82 (زمستان 1397)

There are controversial ideas and approaches about the state intervention in family institution. One of these approaches believes that the family institution is excluded to private law and interference in family institution by state is not permissible. In contrast, the other approach assumes that the family has a dual nature (both private and public). Thus, it permits the state intervention in public nature of the family. Considering this latter approach, the scope and scale of state interference in family institution is different based on the variations of the legal systems’ basics. This research tries to answer this question: “what are the basics for state intervention in the family institution in the Iranian legal system” based on Descriptive-analytical method. In response, jurisprudential basis of state intervention in family institution such as public interests, system protection and legal requirements like public order and the principle of proportionality has been investigated. According to desired intervention theory – which focus on the least intervention and most protection of the family by state- the state intervention in the family institution is legitimate in Iranian legal system.

Unemployment is one of the major problems of many people in society, especially women with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to determine the pathology of the laws and regulations for supporting the employment of disabled women based on Iranian Law. In this study quantitative analysis was done by quantifying the information and awareness of the attitudes of disabled women in Tehran regarding the employment legal challenges they are faced through. Thus, the questionnaire was distributed to 20-50 years old women with disabilities in Tehran in 2019. This study uses SPSS for all statistical analysis. The results of this study identify 37 obstacles to the progressive employment of disabled which lack of Constitutional Principle to the status of the disabled people , the lack of implementation of  3 percent of the employment rate for the recruitment of disabled persons,  lack of impart disability employment credits to the Provinces, lack of knowledge of capabilities of disabled person by industry owners and the lack of suitable facilities for transferring of disabled at city such as Intra-Urban Buses, are the most Important challenges of disabled for employment.

One of the approaches of female commentators to attack the patriarchal conceptions of the Qur'an is the historical approach. Some, referring to the various changes in the history of Arabs of the Age of Descent, tried to design a different model for proving gender equality. The need for coherent research in order to pave the way for designing different opinions and opinions. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, provides an overview of the historical viewpoints of women's commentators and analyzes its foundations. The most important findings suggest that women-centered commentators emphasize on the necessity of the Qur'anic readings under the terms of marriage, polygamy, and hijab, to find inappropriate beliefs in the Qur'anic teachings of women, so to preserve the Qur'anic teachings as well as adequacy mutate the laws of the women. From the perspective of the authors of this study, the ontological and anthropological basis of the aforementioned view can be criticized and rethought. Decreasing the religious orders of women in Prophet Tradition (PBUH) in the cultural context leads to a decline in the content and message of religion and leads to false consequences. One of the strategies of feminist commentators to prove feminist views is to resort to religious propositions by ignoring the systematic interpretation of the verses and marginalizing the beyond time and beyond place principles of Qur'an.

Amina Wadud is an Islamic feminist who is in favor of revising holy texts from the perspective of women. She has also devoted herself to the interpretation of the Quran with a hermeneutic and feminist approach. One of the notions concerned by Wadud is the concept of gender role. Wadud interpretation of this concept has been provided in her two works;first, it was published in 1999 in the book "Quran and Woman; Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman's Perspective" and then, in 2015 in an article published in the book "Men in Charge?". In her primary interpretation, Wadud, under the verse 34 of Sura Nisaa, has taken into consideration the concept of gender role. She emphasize that no definite and permanent role has been defined for men and women in the Quran. On the other hand, she defines qiwamah as an evil hierarchical system which deteriorates the direct relationship between God and woman. Wadud`s Interpretation is reviewable in accordance with the interpretive approach of ijtihadi-verbal. According to the critics' approach, qiwamah is consistent with the natural differences between men and women and superiority does not mean man's intrinsic valuation over woman.

Dowry or consistency is one of the financial rights that by Islamic law for the wife, and once the marriage contract, the wife becomes the owner of the dowry. A wife can have anything that has property and legality and determination for the dowry is permissible reach an agreement conditional to that male about dowry just don't bet on the wife. So dowry from a moment marriage contract disposal to the wife is placed and the wife can freely legal templates transfer it or destroy it. In this research conditions transmission dowry in different assumptions been investigated. Recoupment dowry demand able to afford it is possible. In this premise, transfer of dowry means transfer Rights and privileged arising from it is not a marriage contract but only transfers of dowry assigned includes monetary and non-monetary, because the right docility ،the right to alimony، the right to lien the right to tutorship… specific husband and wife. Therefore it is only possible to transfer the financial aspect of the marriage contract, which is mere dowry. Again can a dowry that certain amount of fungible things under obligation without transfer the right docility ،the right to alimony، the right to line، the right to tutorship and salary and benefits that come from contract marriage, Transferred to debtor and non-debtor in the form of a gift contract.

During the last two decades(1990-2010), numerous cases of violence against civilians - in particular sexual assaults- in military conflict -especially during the civil war-have been reported by the people involved in .The social problems resulting from them reported for years afterwards too. Human rights organizations have reported numerous sexual violence against women in Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chad, Ivory Coast, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. In 1971, the Pakistani army raped Bangladesh women. at the same time American soldiers and the Vietnamese army raped women in South Vietnam. Historically, the use of "rape" has been one of the psychological warfare tactics; in World War II, about 100,000 women were called "comforting women," sexually serving Japanese soldiers. The present study by using  descriptive-analytical approach, explains function of the Security Council in relation to rape in armed conflict. by stydieng the evolution of concept of security over the past century, this search resulted in the sovereignty of state-oriented and realistic discourse of security has cuased the neglect of international institutions ,specially UN Security Council about concept of security in the context of Rape. At the end, some solutions are presented to improve the performance of this international organization.