فصلنامه مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، بهار 1398)

Subject to at least be examined from three perspectives: a modern standpoint that begins with Descartes, the subject is a subject that is independent of metaphysical forces has the ability to think and act. From the perspective of post-structuralist, postmodern, which are expressed specifically in Foucault's ideas, the subject invention of the modern era and the end of modernism is also ebbing. In this sense, the subject is subdued and all elements of American power in the context of the historical forces that shaped discourses. The Middle landscape can be adopted for the subject. In this third aspect, the subject agent that is in the context of historical forces and discourse, but it also has the strength and change and affect it. The current study documents the various approaches to the study of discourse analysis and the subjects in them. Understanding of subjects and features of discourse in understanding subjects have a significant role, but the subject in certain situations hegemonic discourse and the discourse will be able to collapse

Teaching-learning as a multifaceted٫ complex and dynamic issue including processes that are considered in the academic system to achieve the basic goals. In this way٫ various models and frameworks have been developed to describe, analyse, and explicate this issue. However, lack of consensus in clarifying teaching-learning and the numerous approaches and models, which are mostly non- native, highlighting the multi-faceted nature of this issue and on the other hand, indicating call for expanding frameworks in teaching-learning, in particular in the realm of higher education. The present study is an attempt to explore the meta-synthesis of teaching-learning patterns and frame works with a complex adoptive system approach. To this end, relevant criteria of teaching-learning based on the complex adoptive system approach were considered and expressed in the form of a meta-synthesis of the research literature. This study clarified teaching-learning in higher education based on the components such as organizational structure, human factors (teacher-learner), environment, capacity and efficiency in the complex adoptive system approach. The findings may provide a suitable platform for description, analysis, and evaluation of teaching-learning in the realm of higher education. Key words: Teaching-learning, Higher education, System approach, Complex adoptive system approach, Meta-synthesis

During the Qajar period, Iran was not impressive enough to modernize its old structures, familiarize itself with the economy and industry, and the progress made in importing and exporting. The weakness of the economic structure has made it unrivaled in the international economy, but its proper trading position has expanded its relationship with Russia. In this research, we tried to examine the structure of the development of import and export with the Russian Federation during this period by using the documents of the Qajar period. In this article, we have tried to analyze the reasons for the replacement of Iranian imports and exports and the factors that put Iran at the forefront of dependence and backwardness. Is the development of the import and export of Iran and Russia due to the incorrect policies of the Qajar governments or the subsequent governments? According to the research findings of colonial governments, including Russia in the nineteenth century, by limiting the activity of Iranian capitalists in important industrial fields, establishing industrial dependence and limiting imports and exports, bankrupt the domestic industry, pushing the country's economy toward raw materials production, and Depriving Iran of a significant portion of oil revenues over a long period of time plays an important role in Iran's lack of industrial development. Although the Qajars were the cause of Iran's industrial depletion, post-Qajar governments also played a major role in Iran's lack of industrial development.

The main objective of this research is to explain the components of social capital affecting the performance of municipal employees (case study in 22nd district of Tehran). The research is based on the purpose of the applied and data-gathering method of descriptive-correlative research. The statistical population of the survey was all 797 employees of Tehran 22nd district of Tehran. Based on Morgan's table, the sample should be 260 people. A total of 280 questionnaires were distributed and 267 questionnaires were returned to the researcher in full. The data collection in this research was done through a standard social capital questionnaire and job performance questionnaire. A social capital questionnaire has 21 items with structural, relational and cognitive dimensions. A job function questionnaire with 44 items was used. Regarding the use of standard questionnaires and with the approval of supervisors and counselors, the validity of the tool is formal. By distributing 30 questionnaires between managers and experts and the results obtained with final Cronbach alpha for social capital of 0.806 and final Cronbach alpha For job performance 0.894 Confirmed. The results of the t test at the 95% confidence level indicate that the status of the social capital and job performance of the employees are above the average. The results of Table 3 show that the beta coefficient relates to the components of str

Since one of the main pillars of development is attention to equality and justice in the distribution of resources between different sectors of society, therefore, the concentration and inappropriate distribution of facilities and services in different regions have always been considered as one of the pitfalls of development, which requires a scientific review. In this research, the main goal was to study the degree of development of the cities of East Azerbaijan province. To achieve this goal, 31 indicators of development were assessed in three categories: socio-cultural, health, and economic and infrastructure in 20 cities. The methodology of this study is to classify the provinces based on numerical mal taxonomy and cluster analysis and also, the method of collecting is documentary information. The results of this study showed that, the cities of Tabriz, Marand and Maragheh are in high ranking of development, respectively, and the cities of Khadafrien and Charaymahq are in the last positions. The results of the research show that, the development rate in the western part of the province was higher than the eastern regions, and the level of development is in relation to the distance from the center, and access to rail and road transport lines.

This study examines the type & strength of the relationship between corruption & human development indicators in communities through data provided by UNDP & transparency international organizations for duration from 2010 to 2012. the research model suggests a two-way relationship between corruption index (CPI) & the human development index (HDI). Corruption as an indirect cause by a negative impact on gross national income & economic growth will limit the amount of human development. Also human development process directly with the new laws & increased government authority & revenue, can increase corruption. The results indicate a significant relationship between human development index (HDI) & corruption (CPI) in a duration from 2010 to 2012. Also the results show that sub human development index (life expectancy, educational attainment & gross national income) as an independent variables has an effect on the corruption index (CPI), & the greatest efect between these three variables belongs to the sub gross national income.

Undoubtedly, with all the changes that have taken place in the social media landscape, advertising has been recognized as the most important financial support for the media, and competition between social networks Facebook, YouTube, Netfix and Amazon to attract tourists on the move. In this study, the impact of advertising in social media, audience participation and oral-to-mouth advertising on the behavioral patterns of European tourists has been studied through cognitive image and emotional image of the Facebook social network. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of research method, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study is European tourists in Tehran. the structural equation model was used to determine the causal relationship between the variables. The findings show that tourism advertising has a positive and meaningful effect on the cognitive image of the destination, but the advertisement of the tourism media on the emotional image is unaffected. The audience participation and oral-to-mouth advertisements have a positive impact on the image of the image. It also has a significant impact on the emotional image and emotional image of the behavioral tendencies of tourists. It has a positive and constructive impact on the planning of creativity and innovation in advertising, the recognition of the audience in terms of gender and the choice of advertising, and the creation of tourist websites in the media. Socially acceptable levels are effective in attracting tourists

In this paper, the definition of the concept of social development of the bank and its differences with commercial banks based on the World Bank Institute of Education and Social Banking and the survey in this area, the requirements and operational requirements of this business model using interpretation and using From Max Weber's comments, George Simmel and Amartyasen Tibin. According to Weber's theory, the intellect of capitalism, along with the spirit of mutual morality, can boost and encourage. Also, according to Simmel's theory, it can be seen that money affects all social relationships, and human freedom can be determined by the same subject. Then, through the research methodology, the statistics and valid data of the network are based on data from the Ministry of Economy And assets as well as the central bank in 1393 and 1394, the performance of the banks of the country has been evaluated, which results in the lack of consistency, lack of transparency, lack of suitable criteria for bank deposits and also lack of balanced distribution. As a result, in order to achieve a social development community, a variety of commonly used models that are tailored to the economic structure of the country are presented and used.

the main purpose of the present research Assessing the sense of neighborhood feeling with Increasing citizen participation in neighborhood development projects Is within the boundaries of the Pir Madar neighborhood in Ardebil. The present study is an applied objective and is of descriptive-analytical type in terms of its nature and in terms of data collection method is a survey method. The statistical population of this study is the residents of the Pir Madar neighborhood, district 5 of region1 of Ardebil which in 2017 includes5294 people. Also, the sample size of 358 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient were 0.89. Finally, at the stage of data analysis, To measure the status quo of partnership and neighborhood sense from T test, To examine the relationship between partnership in neighborhood development from Pearson Correlation Coefficient Test And to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics with neighborhood sense and willingness to participate The Chi-square test (Chi-square / Double Qi) In the form of Spss software is used. The results indicate a significant relationship between increasing the sense of neighborhood affinity with the degree of readiness to participate in community development projects. And finally, suggestions have been made.

In this study, in order to Study The Role of IRIB organization in developing Creative City in Ghiyamdasht, some different intellectuals’ opinions have been brought up and investigated. And also some different opinions among Citizens in Ghiyamdasht were gathered and analyzed and then the presented opinions by them have been used. The method conducted in this study is field research and library literature one. In terms of the way of conducting, it will be correlational research and in terms of the research purpose, it will be among applied researches According to a sample formula should be 384. Therefore, 400 questionnaires were distributed among members of the target population. In Next Phase, the researcher has analyzed and interpreted the data gathered. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data of this study. Description of data has been presented in table representing different indices such as absolute and relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance in background and main variables. Correlational tests, multiple regression and F-test were used to get into the proper conclusion and test hypotheses. The results showed that The Role of IRIB organization effected in developing Creative City in Ghiyamdasht