نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، پاییز 1394)

Apple belong to Malus Miller genus. Today, more of 10000 varieties known in the world, some of varieties are economic , resistance to diseases and sexual proliferation of ability. The vegetative rootstock (M26 and MM106) are early harvesting, yield is high and effect on quality of fruits. The subject of project is research kinds vegetative rootstock of varieties and number of subculture on rate of in vitro proliferation. The basal medium culture MS (Murashige , Skoog, 1962) supplemented with BAP (2 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l) have prepared. In M26 rootstock, length of stem (1.11 cm) increased during the second and third subcuktures. In mm106 and M26, maximum number of leaves (18.7 and 9.2) produced in two subculture and such as, length of stem elongated during the first subculture. The length of shoot and number of leaves increased with repetitive subcultures but on effected on branching.Apple belong to Malus Miller genus. Today, more of 10000 varieties known in the world, some of varieties are economic , resistance to diseases and sexual proliferation of ability. The vegetative rootstock (M26 and MM106) are early harvesting, yield is high and effect on quality of fruits.

In this research Centaurea bruguierana (DC.) Hand. from Asteraceae (Section Tetramorpheae) have been studied using taxonomic properties from morphologic, anatomic and palynological view points. Critical morphologic properties in this study are trichome-cover, Capitule inflorescence, achene fruit, and seed shape. Anatomical studies of the leave in studied species showed that this species has polycellular trichomes. As well the mesophyll type of the leave is that of isobilateral. Palynological characters are performed by Scan Electron Microscopy. In this studied species the pollen grains are symmetric and isipolar, tricolporate. The pollen grains shape in equatorial view are prolate. In Polar view the pollen had a spheroidal shape. The pollen grains had three Colpi and pore in the equatorial area. The pollen grains type are of Trizonocolpate and tectum is of the echinate type. The pollen grains type are of Trizonocolpate and tectum is of the echinate type. . . . . . .

In this research, extraction of essential oil from dry Citrus Limon (Lisbon and Eureka varieties) peel was performed by hydrodistillation (HD) method and extraction yield, extraction time, chemical composition of essential oils, physical constants, energy consumption, and quantities of released carbon dioxides in the atmosphere were investigated. Essential oil yield of Lisbon and Eureka varieties were 1.22±0.14 and 1.18±0.14% (w/w), respectively. There were no significant differences among physical constants (refractive index, color, and specific gravity) of extracted essential oils from Lisbon and Eureka varieties of lemon peel. Also, there were no significant differences among extraction energy consumption of both Lisbon and Eureka varieties (0.67 kWh). Using GC/MS apparatus, components of extracted essential oils were identified. The major component of extracted essential oils from Lisbon and Eureka varieties was limonene (66.24±4.69 and 59.40±4.20%, respectively). Also, there were no significant differences between quantity and quality of major components of extracted essential oils from two C. Limon varieties.

Colorectal cancer after lung cancer, stomach and liver cancer is fourth most common cancer in Iran and worldwide. Studies have shown that patients with inflammation bowel disease (IBD) in large intestine are at increased risk of CRC. Various factors play a role in colorectal cancer that bacteria are one of these factors. E. coli is a member of the Microbiota of human intestinal tract in the colon. Also, the ability of binding to host cells is the most basic step in successful colonization in microbial pathogens. Some strains of E. coli has a number of fimbriae and adhesion, such as P fimbriae, S fimbriae, and adhesion of bacteria afimbrial which gives the ability to connect to the host cells. This study was performed to investigate the sfaC adhesin gene in E.coli isolated from intestinal tissue biopsies of patients with inflammation bowel disease and colorectal cancer. 38 biopsies were obtained from intestinal tissue and bacteria were isolated and identified using microbial and biochemical methods. After DNA extraction, strains for adhesin gene sfaC were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Molecular studies showed that the number of positive samples for this gene (sfaC) in normal individuals and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and patients with colorectal cancer, were 42.8%, 62.5% and 60% of, respectively. The results of this study shows the relationship between the adhesin gene and colorectal cancer.

Hyssopus officinalis L. is an important medicinal plant grows in central and southern Europe, western Asia, North Africa and Iran in jungles of Mazandaran and Gilan and height of Alborz and Semnan.Extraction is the first basic step in the research of medicinal plants and preparation of the extracts of the plant is the starting point for the separation and purification of chemical components.In this study, the essential oils composition of aerial parts of Hyssopus officinalis L. extracted by two methods, hydrodistillation and microwave. Chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Hyssopus officinalis L. were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).31 compounds obtained in essential oil of Hyssopu sofficinalis by hydrodistilled method and 36 compounds in microwave method.It was found that hyssop essential oil in hydrodistilled method contained cis-Pinocamphone (45.32%), trans-Pinocamphone (18.00%), β-pinene (10.24%) and elemol (3.87) as major components and in microwave method, contained cis-Pinocamphone (63.48%), elemol (6.67%), ortho-Menthatriene (5.55%) and bicyclogermacrene(4.43%) as major components.

Caffeine is a chemical and edible substance, which is found in some foods, such as coffee, cocoa, cola, tea, chocolate and some drinks. Caffeine is the most widely used drug among people and almost 90 percent of people are using it on a daily basis. Given that taking food and drinks containing caffeine including chocolate, tea and coffee is very high in Iran as well as its effects on cardiovascular disease is still not fully understood; hence, the purpose of this research was to study the effects of caffeine on cardiovascular diseases and to report the results of research conducted in this regard.Research

In this study, library collection, searching the scientific literature and papers were used. The views of relevant experts were also examined.

The results showed that using tea has no harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. According to obtained results chocolate consumption will reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In general, drinking coffee causes increased blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, increased blood cholesterol, increased levels of homocysteine and increased risk of heart attacks. Several studies indicated fetal cardiac arrhythmias caused by excessive consumption of caffeine in pregnant women.

According to the results, green and black tea has no harmful effects on cardiovascular diseases, but in some cases positive effects have also been reported. Consumption of chocolate, cocoa and coffee have harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Due to the effects of caffeine on pregnant women, consumption of coffee and caffeine should be reduced during pregnancy.