فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 78 (شهریور 1398)

studies have shown that marital intimacy can predict marital adjustment, but can more accurate prediction of marital adjustment  be achieved through marital intimacy  interaction and deficit emotion regulate?

The purpose of the present study was to predict marital adjustment levels based on variables of marital intimacy and emotion regulation difficulty.

the method of this study was correlation. For this purpose, 72 couples who referred to counseling centers in Shahroud participated in this study. They were asked to complete the Spanier Marital Adjustment Questionnaires (1976), Marital Intimacy (2001), and Gertz & Romer (2004) Deficit emotional regulate scale. stepwise regression and correlation were used for data analysis.

The results showed that marital adjustment was predictable by marital intimacy and emotion regulation. Emotion regulation and its components play a greater role in predicting marital adjustment than marital intimacy. nonacceptance of negative emotions, controlling impulsive behaviors, limited access and lack of emotional awareness of components Deficit emotional regulate and emotional, psychological, sexual, social, and recreational intimacy (p<0/01).

Based on these findings, it can be concluded that couples who have higher marital intimacy and are more able to control emotions have more marital adjustment.

Many studies have focused on the direct relationship between emotional self-regulation, perceived social support, and metacognitive beliefs with addictive behaviors, but There is no research has been performed on the indirect relationship between perceived social support and metacognitive beliefs with video-computer games Addiction through emotional self-regulation. Therfore, the question of research is whether emotional self-regulation canmadiate this relationship? .

The present study was carried out aming to investigate the mediation role of  emotional self-regulation in the relationship between  perceived social support, and metacognitive  beliefs with  video-computer games Addiction in high school boy students.  

The present research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study was all boy students of the first grade of high school in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019. The sample size consisted of 405 students who were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. The data were collected using video-computer games Addiction scale (Anuthawarn, 2008),  emotional self-regulation (Garnefski, Kraaj and Spinhoven, 2001), perceived social support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988) and metacognitive beliefs (Wells and Cartwright-Hatton, 2004). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, regression and path analysis.

Finding have shown that perceived social support and positive beliefs about worry affect on emotional self-regulation and , on the other hand emotional self regulation affect on of computer-video games addiction (p˂0/01).

People who have higher levels of perceived social support and positive beliefs about worry, their level of emotional self-regulation has increased and as results, their level of computer-video games addiction has decreased.

Dependency on virtual social networks is associated with negative psychological and non-psychological consequences but can the combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and meta-cognitive training have an effective role in reducing this dependency?

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and meta-cognitive training in reducing virtual social networks dependency.

The research design is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Data gathering tool is Virtual Social Networking Dependency Questionnaire (Sadeghzadeh et al., 2018). Among the students with high scores on social networks dependency which have been chosen by convenience sampling, 30 volunteers were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received twelve training sessions based on a researcher-made protocol (2018).

The results of statistical analysis showed that the experimental group had lower mean scores on the social network dependency scale in compare with the control group. This result was significant at alpha level of 0/05.

it can be said that our protocol was recognized effective and it can be helpful for counselors, parents and educational policymakers to reduce student's virtual social networks dependency.

There is a great deal of research into the effectiveness of various therapies. But which of these two therapies is more effective?

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and cognitive therapy (based on Mindfulness) the emotional maturity adolescents.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design.  The statistical population consisted of all female secondary school students in district one of Tehran's education region. In this study, 45 students whose score was 1.5 standard deviation lower than the normative group were selected and selected. assigned to three groups of reality therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy-awareness and control.  Experimental groups individually participated in 8 90-minute sessions of Reality Therapy Excerpted from William Glaser's Reality Therapy Book (2013) and Mindfulness-Based Therapy Cognition from Rebecca Crane's (2009) Mindfulness-Based Therapy Therapy They did.  The instrument of this study was Emotional Maturity of Yashivar Singh and Mahish Bahargawa (1974) and analyzed using covariance analysis method.

Reality therapy training had a significant effect on adolescents' emotional maturity with effect size (0/809) (f= 114/417, p<0/05).  Also, cognitive mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a significant effect on adolescents' emotional maturity with effect size (0/705) (p= 0/05, f= 64/9409).  But the t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of reality therapy education and cognitive therapy on adolescents' emotional maturity (f= 1/959, p>0/05).

The adolescents in both groups showed a better level of emotional maturity and both groups were equally effective in this regard.

Several studies have pointed to the relationship between core self- evaluation and life satisfaction, but the current research question is whether goal self-concordance and cognitive emotion regulation can affect the relationship between core self- evaluation and life satisfaction?

This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of goal self-concordance and cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between core self- evaluation and life satisfaction.

Based on a structural equation modeling correlation design, 280 (118 male, 162 female) Islamic Azad University graduate student were selected via multistage sampling and responded to the Core Self-Evaluation Scale (Judge et al, 2003), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al, 1985) and the Goal Self-Concordance Scale (Sheldon & Elliot, 1998) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006).

Results indicated that the correlation between core self-evaluation, gole self-concordance, cognitive-emotional regulation and life satisfaction was positive and significant (P<0/01). Furthermore, goal self-concordance and cognitive emotion regulation played a mediating role in the relationship between core self-evaluation and life satisfaction (P<0/01).

Therefore, it can be concluded that core self-evaluation plays an important role in increasing students life satisfaction by influencing goal self-concordance and cognitive emotion regulation.

Critical education focuses on rationality, criticism, and change as valuable educational goals. This view seeks to discover the true social conditions of education that is why it needs a critique of thought.

The question is whether reinforcement and training of critical thinking also affect the internalization and externalization of the chosen goals?.

The statistical population of the study consisted of all secondary school students in Zahedan. The sample consisted of 30 subjects who were selected by random cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15) groups. Data collection tool was the motivational strategies questionnaire of Penrice et al (1991). The subjects in both groups were pre-tested and then the experimental group received 12 sessions of critical thinking training while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of internal and external orientation in the experimental and control groups in the post-test (P<0/01).

The effect of critical thinking instruction on the internal and external orientation of the students in the follow-up phase continued. Therefore, critical thinking training was effective on students' internal and external orientation. Teaching students to make effective use of their abilities improves their performance and enables them to make rational decisions and think.

The incidence of generalized anxiety disorder severely damages individuals' psychological, cognitive, communication and social processes and reduces their resilience. But does meta-cognitive therapy help improve resiliency in people with generalized anxiety disorder?

Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on resiliency in the people with generalized anxiety.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all the people with social anxiety referring to consultation centers in the city of Tehran in 2017. Non-probable purposive sampling method and random replacement were used in the present study. After selecting the sample size and replacing them into experimental and control groups, the experimental group received 10 ninety-minute sessions of therapy interventions during three months once a week. The applied questionnaires in the study included generalized anxiety questionnaire (Spitser, et.al, 2006), resiliency (coner, 2004). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

The results of data analysis showed that metacognitive therapy has been effective on resiliency in the patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (P<0/001). Moreover the results showed that this therapy could significantly maintain its effect in time (P<0/001). The degree of statistical effect of metacognitive therapy on resiliency in the people with generalized anxiety was 58%.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that metacognitive therapy utilizes techniques such as postponing worry, challenging beliefs about risk, stopping avoidance behaviors, and has appropriate clinical efficacy to improve the resiliency of patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Much research has examined the effectiveness of Pilates and mindfulness on premenstrual syndrome improvement, but the key question is whether Pilates-Mindfulness Synthesis and Exercise Technique works better than applying them alone?.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-Pilates combination, mindfulness training and Pilates on premenstrual syndrome in girls and women in Tehran.

This research is semi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population included girls in Tehran with 15-40 years. The sample consisted of 60 patients with premenstrual syndrome who were purposefully selected from target stadiums. From this sample, 15 persons were randomly assigned to mindfulness group (Kabat Zain, 2010), 15 to Pilates group (Atri and Shafi'i, 2014), 15 to integrated group and 15 to control group.The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire for Siahbazi et al(2011) screening of premenstrual symptoms (PSST) of Iranian species.

There was no significant difference in premenstrual syndrome scores between experimental group and control group (P>0/29); Pilates training showed a significant difference (P <0/005). The combination of mindfulness and Pilates therapy had a significant effect on the reduction of PMS.

Although Pilates alone reduces premenstrual syndrome, it is more effective to combine Pilates exercises and mindfulness.

Research indicates the relationship between organizational commitment, self-efficacy beliefs, and personality traits of teachers. Given this, can one predict job burnout based on organizational commitment, self-efficacy beliefs, and personality traits?

The purpose was to design a structural model for predicting burnout based on organizational commitment and self-efficacy beliefs by mediating the personality traits of teachers in Ramyan County.

Correlation studies based on structural equation modeling technique, in particular regression equations. The statistical population of this study is teachers of the three primary, secondary and secondary schools and consists of 650 students. The sample size was 400 people in order to increase the validity of the findings. The researcher randomly selected a number of schools from each of the 117 schools by considering the ratio of the population distribution of the teachers at each of the three levels..To do this research, the Maslach Job Burnout Questionnaire(1981), Allen & Meyer Organizational Commitment(1991), Jerusalem & Schwarzer Self-efficacy Beliefs(1992), and the Five Factors of the Character of Costa and McCrae (Short Form)(1985) were used.

The results showed that organizational commitment variable had a reverse effect on job burnout. Also, the variable of self-efficacy beliefs has a reverse effect on job burnout. Personality traits have an reverse effect on job burnout. There is a significant relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout through personality traits. There is also a significant relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and job burnout through personality traits. (P<0/001).

The results showed that All variables were able to predict teachers' job burnout. According to the findings, teachers' burnout can be partially reduced by holding workshops and in-service workshops as well as by changing the selection of individuals according to personality traits and self-efficacy beliefs and organizational commitment.

The path to psychological happiness and happiness is in the light of spiritual values and goals, basic needs, meaningfulness and purposefulness of life, religious and divine love and interests. So having spiritual experiences is associated with a greater sense of happiness and less depression. So the question is, can marital satisfaction be effective?

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of marital satisfaction in the relationship between spiritual experiences and happiness.

Method of the present descriptive study was correlational. Hence, sample of 420 Married students wereselected from kermanshah Azad university, using randomized cluster sampling method. To collect data threequestionnaires of Happiness(Argyle,Martin&Crossland, 1989), Spiritual experiences (Ghobaribonab & et al, 2005), marital satisfaction(Olson, 2000) were used.

The research method was correlation. To do this research, 420 married students studying at Kermanshah Azad University were selected by random cluster sampling method and Happiness Questionnaire (Argyle, Martin & Kressland, 1989), Spiritual Experiences (Ghobari Bonab et al., 2005), Completed marital satisfaction (Ellison, 2000). Data were obtained by path analysis method.

The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between spiritual experiences and happiness (P<0/001). The results of path analysis also showed that marital satisfaction plays a mediating role in the relationship between spiritual experiences and happiness (P<0/001).

Having spiritual experiences leads married students to view their marital relationships as meaningful, to value it, to strive to improve it, and to gain a sense of marital satisfaction and consequently greater happiness.

Researches indicating the relation between dark traits of personality features and job burnout, but if the perceived stress could be a mediator to this relation?

The present research was carried out to investigate mediating role of the perceived stress on the relation of dark traits of personality features and job burnout.

Method of this research is descriptive and of correlation samples. 400 people of militaries (382 men and 18 women) employed at Air Force Headquarters participated in this study as the research samples. Participants were asked to fill out Maslach Job Burnout (1991), Dark Traits of Personality (2014) and the Perceived Stress (1983) questionnaires.

Research data has been investigated using inferential and descriptive statistics methods and coefficients like mean, standard deviation, correlation and path analysis. The achieved results indicate the absolute fit of the model to the data, in which, Psychopath personality predicts job burnout directly and positively and Machiavellianism personality predicts it directly and negatively and also Psychopath and Machiavellianism personalities predict job burnout with perceived stress mediating (GFI>0/9).

It is indicating that, perceived stress plays a mediating role between job burnout and dark traits of personality; therefore, an effective role could be played on employees’ efficiency and decreasing job burnout among them considering the perceived stress and dark traits of personality.

Alexithymia is one of the factors that causes Maladjustment and conflict between couples. The effectivenss of couples therapy and acceptance therapy on various variables in couples' lives has been confirmed, but the key question is which therapy is more effective for maladjusted couples?

To compare the effectiveness of couples therapy and acceptance therapy on the  Alexithymia of  Maladjusted couples.

This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study included all  Maladjusted couples who referred to Shiraz Family Court in 2018. Ninety persons were Election from this population using the availability sampling and were randomly placed into three groups (each including 30 persons): Experimental group 1 and 2 and the control group. The instruments used to collect data were Acceptance therapy Protocol (Khanjani Vashki et al., 2016),and Behavioral Couple Therapy (Razavi Nematollahi et al., 2013), and Alexithymia Questionnaire (Torento, 1994). The pretest was performanced  to the  Questionnaire in all three goups. Then, the participants in the two experimental groups were exposed to the treatment including the couple therapy and Accepatance-based therapy but the members of the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. 

The results showed that couples therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on the couples' alexithymia (P<0/001). There was a significant difference between the two therapies in terms of their effects on  alexithymia (P<0/001). Couple therapy was found to have a more  effect on reducing difficulty in emotion recognition, while acceptance therapy had a more effect on reducing difficulty in describing emotions (p<0/05). Only couple therapy was shown to have a significant effect on reducing objective thinking (p<0/05). Therefore, couple therapy had a more effect on decreasing  alexithymia.

Couple therapy can be used to reduce alexithymia.