فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 133 (فروردین 1403)

Family is a crucial context for a child's healthy development. Parents awareness of parenting style, can lead to a reduction in children's behavioral problems, flourishing their talents, and a decrease in conflict in family relationships.

For this purpose, the educational intervention in the form of a workshop on child development was considered for parents to examine its effectiveness in solving family problems and behavioral problems of children.

The present study is a quasi-experimental in which the pre-test post-test design is used. In this study, parents of children 7 to 12 years old announced their readiness to participate in the child development workshop. All 32 working parents were evaluated using the Eyeberg Child Inventory and Family Problem Solving scale. The parents of the intervention group participated in five sessions of the Child Development Training Program., In order to examine the significance of the difference between pre-test and post-test scores, paired sample t-test was used.

The findings of this study indicated that the average score of family problem solving in pre-test and post-test shows an increase of 11 points in post-test. The value of t obtained is 2.56, which is significant at the level of P=0.05. Also, the mean scores for behavioral problems in pre-test and post-test shows a decrease of 3 points in post-test. The value of t is equal to 2.42, which is significant at the level of P=0.05. This change was statistically significant in both scales.

Child Development Training Program has caused a decrease in behavioral problems and an increase in family problem-solving. According to these results, it can be concluded that designing and planning in order to provide training interventions, especially teaching parenting styles and parents' awareness of physical, emotional, affective and cognitive features of children can be an effective step in strengthening parents in the real confrontation with children's behavioral problems and also managing them and solving their family problems.

Previous research has shown that emotion-focused therapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder and improving the social efficiency of people suffering from it. On the other hand, the review of studies shows that many treatment approaches will be more effective if they are used in the form of group psychotherapy. But so far, the protocol of this type of treatment has not been developed in such a way that its intervention techniques are suitable and compatible for implementation in the group.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a group therapy protocol focused on emotion and trial on the symptoms of social anxiety disorder.

The design of the current research was a type of exploratory combined research that has a qualitative and quantitative nature. The first stage of the research was conducted with a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method. In order to identify themes and draw a network of themes, first 121 related sources were identified and among them, 11 Persian sources published between 1392 and 1401 and 23 English sources published between 2000-2022 were selected. In the quantitative part, the research method was a quasi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all the clients who referred to the Sense of Presence clinic in Tehran in the second half of 2022. 20 people with social anxiety disorder were selected from among the clients using the available method and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The members of the experimental group were exposed to 16 sessions of emotion-focused group therapy protocol (designed by the researchers). The instrument used in the quantitative part was the social anxiety scale (Connor et al., 2000). For data analysis, thematic analysis method was used in the qualitative part and Variance analysis with repeated measurements was used in the quantitative part.

The findings of the present study in the qualitative part led to the identification of two overarching themes, including emotion-focused therapy and social anxiety, and finally, a 16-session protocol of emotion-focused therapy group. The results in the quantitative part also showed that the effectiveness of the group therapy focused on emotion was significant in reducing all the symptoms of social anxiety disorder, fear, avoidance, Physiological symptoms and the total score of social anxiety (P<0.05).

According to the obtained results, it seems that therapists can use the (researcher-made) emotion-focused group therapy package to treat people with social anxiety disorder.

Chemotherapy, as one of the common treatments for breast cancer, is associated with many side effects including pain, which negatively affects the physical and psychological health of patients. Some studies have shown that mindfulness-based interventions can lead to a reduction in cancer patient’s pain and life expectancy. However, some studies reported conflicting results.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MiCBT) on the pain and life expectancy of women with breast cancer during chemotherapy.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre and post test with a control group ans a one-month follow-up. For this purpose, 28 breast cancer patients aged 19-70 in 2022 were purposefully selected from medical centers in Shiraz city and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control (14 patients for each group). The intervention group received six-week sessions (90 minutes) of MiCBT group therapy (Cayoun et al., 2018), while the control group used the common chemotherapy method. Both groups were evaluated using a Brief Pain Inventory (Cleeland, 1991) and Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991). In addition, multivariate analysis, variance analysis with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc was used to analyze the data with SPSS26 software.

The intervention group had significantly lower pain scores (F(1,25)= 72312, p< 0.01, η2= 0.73) and higher life expectancy scores (F(1,25)= 9.62, p< 0.01, η2= 0.72) in the post-test. In addition, the differences remained significant in follow-up (p< 0.05).

Based on the findings, MiCBT moderated pain and life expectancy of breast cancer patients. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy of the MiCBT intervention in larger randomized trials.

Social anxiety disorder often has a poorer recovery rate than other anxiety disorders. A review of previous studies shows that two variables, social anxiety disorder and the focused – attention (which is one of the predictors of social anxiety disorder), respond less well to conventional psychological treatments. Among the newest integrated alternative approaches are paradoxical time table therapy and virtual reality technology therapy, there is a research gap regarding the comparison of their effectiveness in improving the focused – attention and reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of paradoxical time table therapy and virtual reality technology therapy on the focused – attention and symptoms of social anxiety disorder.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all people who referred to counseling centers and psychotherapy clinics in Tehran in the fall and winter of 2022. The statistical sample included 45 people with social anxiety disorder who were selected as available samples and were divided into three groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). To collect data, the Focous of Attention Questionnaire (Woody et al., 1997) and the social anxiety scale (Connor et al., 2000) were used. Also, the treatment of the paradoxical time table therapy (Besharat, 2017) was implemented in six sessions on the first experimental group and and the virtual reality technology therapy was implemented in 8 sessions on the second experimental group. Data analysis was done using multivariate analysis, variance analysis with repeated measures, Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS-25 software.

The results showed that both treatments of paradoxical time table therapy and virtual reality technology therapy had a significant effect on the focus of attention and symptoms of social anxiety disorder (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the virtual reality technology therapy and the paradoxical time table therapy in the focused – attention, However, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the virtual reality technology therapy and the paradoxical time table therapy on the symptoms of social anxiety disorder. In this way, the paradoxical time table therapy is more effective in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder compared to the treatment based on virtual reality technology therapy (P<0.001).

According to the findings of the present research, it seems that the paradoxical time table therapy and virtual reality technology therapy can be used as a therapeutic approach that according to the needsof patients with social anxiety disorder.

Academic achievement anxiety as an educational problem affects all aspects of the educational system. This structure has become a global concern in current educational environments and has a significant scope in educational systems. The problem is that the relationships of various variables with academic achievement anxiety have been confirmed, but the relationships of variables such as perfectionism, spiritual intelligence and happiness have been neglected in the form of structural relationships, and there is a major research gap in this field.

This study investigated the effect of perfectionism on academic achievement anxiety with the mediation of spiritual intelligence and happiness of Babol seminary students.

Structural Equation Modeling was used for the analysis and interpretation of the data. A total of seminary students (220 boys) were selected by convenience sampling. Perfectionism, Academic Achievement Anxiety, Academic Procrastination Scale (Solomon & Rohblum) Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness Questionnaires were used to collect data. The structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis using SPSS version 22 software at the statistical level of 0.05

The results of structural equation modeling showed that the data had an acceptable fit with the conceptual model and was confirmed. According to the structural model of the research, perfectionism had a significant effect on spiritual intelligence, happiness and academic achievement anxiety, and spiritual intelligence, happiness had a significant effect on academic achievement anxiety. Also spiritual intelligence and happiness had mediator role in relationship between perfectionism on academic achievement anxiety.

Therefore, to reduce academic achievement anxiety, interventions that guide students in the direction of knowledge, insight and change of attitude about their academic anxiety should be used.

Research evidence shows that various factors are relevant in the propensity to engage in marital infidelity. On the one hand, self-compassion and emotional maturity are two key variables in marital relationships and couples' lives. Researchers have neglected the role of these variables as a model, and have not determined the effect of self-compassion on the propensity to engage in marital infidelity through the mediation of emotional maturity.

This research as a structural model explains the marital infidelity based on self-compassion with the mediating role of emotional maturity.

The current research is descriptive and correlational and of structural equations type. Its statistical population consisted of all married women who referred towel-being centers in Behshahr, Iran during the three months of December, January and February (2021). From among them, we selected 385 people by non-random sampling method. All participants completed the Marital Infidelity Propensity Questionnaires of Drigotas et al. (1999), Neff's Self-Compassion (2003), and Singh and Bhargava's Emotional Maturity Scale (1990). We used Pearson correlation and structural equation model for data analysis.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between self-compassion and emotional maturity on the one hand and the propensity to engage in marital infidelity on the other (P<0.01). According to the results, emotional maturity (-0.382) and self-compassion (-0.368) have a direct and significant effect on the propensity to engage in marital infidelity (P<0.01). Self-compassion had an indirect and significant effect (-0.185) on the propensity to engage in marital infidelity through the mediation of emotional maturity.

Therefore, we can say that the structural model of explaining the propensity to engage in marital infidelity based on self-compassion with the mediator role of emotional maturity has a favorable fitting and the relationships and effects between the variables are significant. Accordingly, the use of these variables in the framework of a structural model can help counselors, psychologists, therapists, social science researchers, and other professionals.

Research has shown that the tendency to addiction is influenced by personality characteristics and through mediating variables including emotional well-being as emotional and cognition values and mental experience of positive emotions and life satisfaction. but there is a research gap in the researched population.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating structural equation modeling of the relationship between personality traits and addiction tendencies in adolescents: the mediating role of emotional well-being.

This research was of a descriptive-correlation type with structural equations. The statistical population of the present study was all male students of the second secondary level of public high schools in Rasht city in the academic year of 2019-2019, numbering 16451 students. In order to determine the sample size, the number of 300 male students was selected multi stage cluster sampling method and completed the five-factor questionnaires of Neo personality of Costa & McCrae (1970), emotional well-being scale of Keyes and Magyarmo (2003) and Farjad addiction tendency questionnaire (2006) were completed. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, path analysis and structural equations and with spss 19 and amos 22 software.

The results showed that the direct effect of extroversion (0.21) and emotional irritation (0.22) on addiction tendency is positive and significant (P < 0.05). Also, the indirect effect of psychological irritation through emotional well-being on addiction tendency was significant.

According to the obtained results, it can be said that the personality traits of extroversion and neuroticism directly and neuroticism indirectly had an effect on the level of addiction tendency, Therefore, focusing on the results of the current research, can be to reduce the tendency to addiction in adolescents.

All children experience fear and anxiety as two natural emotions during their life, and this anxiety is more when they are away from their main caregivers. After examining the research background, it was found that each of the conducted studies only studied one of the components of this research. Therefore, the absence of a research that examines all the mentioned components in relation to each other, indicated the existence of a research gap in this field.

The model study was conducted with the aim of investigating the pattern of structural relationships predicting children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of stress.

This This research was descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose and based on the method of data collection. The statistical population of the present study included 500 mothers of 6-8 year old children suffering from separation anxiety disorder in 4 regions of north, south, east and west of Tehran city and 217 of them were based on Cochran's formula and available as a statistical sample. were chosen. Also, the data collection tool in this research was the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Parent Version) (Han et al., 2003), Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1971), and Parental Stress Index Standard Questionnaire (Abidin, 1983) and for data analysis Structural equation method and Spss-22.AMOS-22 software were also used.

The results of the research showed that children's separation anxiety symptoms can be predicted based on parenting styles with the mediation of stress (P<0.001) and also mothers' stress plays a mediating role in predicting children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles. has it. Also, the obtained findings indicate that the model of structural relationships predicting children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of mothers' stress has a suitable fit (P>0.05).

According to the optimal fit of the research structural model, children's separation anxiety symptoms can be predicted based on parenting styles with the mediation of mothers' stress. According to the results, it can be said that children's separation anxiety causes deep changes in various aspects of children's personal and social life. Using the categories identified in the current research can be a guide for experts in evaluating which of the categories children with separation anxiety have more serious problems in, and as a result, can help experts in designing and implementing interventions appropriate to the same category.

One of the anxiety disorders that has a high coexistence with other disorders is generalized anxiety disorder. Considering the prevalence and debilitating nature of this disorder, it is very important to identify effective treatments with high potential to improve the treatment outcomes of people with generalized anxiety disorder. It was not found to deal with the descriptive review method.

The aim of the present study is to review effective therapeutic interventions on generalized anxiety disorder.

The present study was a descriptive review. Using the keywords of generalized anxiety disorder, treatment methods and psychological treatment, a search was conducted in specific databases such as Medline, SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. A total of 73 articles were retrieved, and after checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles, including those that were not directly related to the topic of discussion, as well as articles with duplicate findings, were removed.

A review of studies showed that the main approaches used for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder are pharmacological and psychological approaches, that psychological treatments such as emotional schema therapy, education based on acceptance and commitment, and applied relaxation are more effective than drug treatment.

The results of the review and investigation of previous internal and external studies showed that according to the characteristics of anxiety disorders, especially generalized anxiety disorder, which have a great impact on people's cognition, psychological treatment processes with a cognitive-behavioral approach, including those based on acceptance and commitment and emotional therapy schema have a greater and longer effect on the treatment and reduction of the symptoms of this disorder.

Undoubtedly, sexual health education plays a pivotal role in fostering sound sexual development, mitigating adverse outcomes stemming from risky sexual behaviors, and establishing a robust basis for a healthy transition into adulthood.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a sexual health training program concerning the enhancement of sexual knowledge and attitudes among women and men who are about to get married and are employed at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences during the initial months of 2023.

The research methodology employed a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study encompassed individuals employed at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, specifically women and men on the verge of marriage. Through targeted sampling, 40 such individuals were selected to explore the components of sexual health and gauge the impact of the independent variable, with 10 couples assigned to the trained group and 10 couples to the control group. Both sets of participants completed the "Knowledge and Sexual Attitude Questionnaire" developed by Gospel in 2013 both before and after undergoing the sexual health training sessions, totaling 8 sessions, each lasting 40 minutes. Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS software version 26, employing covariance analysis to interpret the results.

The findings indicated that the sexual health educational intervention had a noteworthy and significant impact on the sexual knowledge and attitudes of individuals on the brink of marriage (p< 0.001).

The study's outcomes suggest that the sexual health training intervention package influences the sexual knowledge and attitudes of individuals on the verge of marriage, leading to enhancements in both women's and men's levels of sexual knowledge and attitudes.

Considering the importance of resilience and emotional regulation as effective psychological components in cancer, psychological interventions to improve these structures is a fundamental necessity.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of narrative therapy on resilience and emotional regulation of people with cancer with low psychological toughness.

The research design was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all cancer patients referred to Tehran hospitals in 2022. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were selected through purposive sampling and randomly replaced in two treatment groups and the control group. Connor and Davidson's resilience scale and Garnefski and Kraaij emotional cognitive regulation were used. The data were analyzed through Mancova and SPSS-20 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the narrative therapy group and the control group in the post-test stage of resilience and cognitive emotional regulation.

According to the findings of this research, online narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as an effective method to improve resilience and emotional regulation of cancer patients, and in this context, online narrative therapy can be more efficient.

The number of female heads of the household has increased due to the extensive social and demographic changes of the Iranian society in recent years. Some previous studies have shown that these women have low psychological well-being. The positive point is that previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of interventions based on psychological capital and mindfulness on the psychological well-being of female heads of households, However, no specific research comparing the effecacy of two educational interventions of psychological capital and mindfulness on the psychological well-being of female heads of households was found.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effecacy of training based on psychological capital and mindfulness on the psychological well-being of female heads of households.

The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all female heads of households in Shiraz city who had a file in the Shiraz city welfare office and at the same time their children were studying in schools covered by the 2nd district education office of Shiraz city in 2022-2023. Among the female heads of households in the statistical community, 45 women were selected as available and then randomly divided into three groups of 15 including two experimental groups (training based on psychological capital and treatment based on mindfulness) and a control group. The research tool included psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff, 1989). The first and second experimental groups were subjected to training based on psychological capital (Luthans, 2007) and mindfulness-based therapy (Baer et al., 2006) during 8 90-minute sessions, But the members of the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done using univariate covariance analysis and SPSS-24 software.

The findings indicated that training based on psychological capital and treatment based on mindfulness are both equally effective in improving the psychological well-being of female heads of households (P=0.976).

According to the results obtained in the present study, it seems that psychologists and counselors can use the method of training based on psychological capital and mindfulness therapy in order to improve the health and increase the psychological well-being of women heads of households

Beliefs about drug cravings hold considerable sway in the realm of substance abuse and addiction. Delving into the contributing factors influencing these beliefs, including self-efficacy and psychological distress, offers valuable insights into the perpetuation and establishment of addiction among men engaged in methamphetamine abuse.

The primary objective of this study was to forecast the correlation between self-efficacy, psychological distress, and drug craving beliefs among men abusing methamphetamine. The specific emphasis was placed on investigating the intermediary function of self-efficacy and psychological distress within this correlation.

The research employed a descriptive-correlational approach utilizing structural equation modeling as the methodology. The statistical population encompassed men between the ages of 20 and 65 who engaged in methamphetamine abuse during the period of 2022 to 2023. Utilizing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 262 individuals were chosen through convenience sampling. These participants completed questionnaires evaluating craving beliefs, depression, anxiety-stress, and general self-efficacy. Data analysis was conducted employing the structural equation method and SMARTPLS software.

The examination of fitness indicators against the proposed causal model validated the suitability of the established model. Findings from the direct standard regression coefficients indicated that psychological distress correlates with heightened drug use craving beliefs. Additionally, psychological distress exhibited a direct and adverse impact on self-efficacy, while self-efficacy demonstrated a direct and negative influence on craving beliefs. Furthermore, self-efficacy was identified as a mediator in the connection between psychological distress and craving beliefs.

Psychological distress diminishes self-efficacy, contributing to persistent cravings for ongoing substance abuse over the long term.

Marital incompatibility is associated with increased anxiety and attachment avoidance and decreased emotional intimacy, which increases the need for couple therapy. Despite this, there is a gap in research on the effect of compassion-focused couple therapy on attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and emotional intimacy in incompatible couples.

The aim of present study was determining the effectiveness of compassion-focused couple therapy on marital attachment and emotional intimacy of incompatible couples.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental, of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population was all incompatible couples who referred to Sifa, Behin and Hamraz centers of counseling and psychological services of Khorramabadcity in 2023. A sample of 20 couples was placed in two experimental and control groups using the purposive sampling. Couples were evaluated based on Spouse Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Kianzadeh, 2018) and Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships (Schaefer and Olson, 1981) in two stages of pre-test and post-test in both groups. The experimental group received compassion-focused couple therapy over eight 60-minute sessions. Analysis of covariance and SPSS version 27 software were used for data analysis.

The findings of the present study showed that compassion-focused couple therapy was effective in reducing attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, as well as increasing the emotional intimacy of incompatible couples (p<0.01).

According to the findings, compassion-focused couple therapy, emphasizing empathy and compassion with oneself and one's spouse, interaction based on compassion with one's spouse, problem-solving-based confrontation with marital challenges and problems, acceptance of oneself and one's spouse with all points strength and weakness and compassionate words and behavior improve attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance and emotional intimacy of incompatible couples. Therefore, compassion-focused couple therapy can be used to improve attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and emotional intimacy in incompatible couples.