نشریه مطالعات منافع ملی
پیاپی 12 (تابستان 1397)

Given the fact that the Islamic government has established for four decades, the study of intellectuals’ views about the essence of religious government, especially in democratic aspects such as sovereignty, human rights, efficiency, freedom and women’s rights is very crucial. Mottahari, as a thinker, is one of the theorist of religious democracy. Mottahari believe that the study of Islamic government is very impor-tant. He calls the establishment of a correlation between religion and politics and political consciousness as a religious necessity, and consi-ders the separation of religion and politics from the designation of colonialists.In Mottahari’s point of view, Islam has not considered a certain form for government, although Islam has highlighted the importance of the government’s goals and how to best achieve them. In the Islamic Republic, Republic is a form, it means the people have right to choose, and Islam is an essence. However, Shabastari, as one of the thinkers of the fourth decade of the Islamic government, based on the hermeneutic approach, believes in the existence of "Muslim democracy" and consi-ders the two principles of "freedom" and "equality" as the most impor-tant elements of democratic theory.

Different elements such as media, soft power, economic reform_ especially in private sector_ and educational quality are essential in order to serve the national interest. Some countries like Qatar has beg-un political, economic and energy reforms in two past decades. The country has become a regional power due to these reforms. Material sources such as oil and Gas, Al Jazeera TV, good foreign relation have created an opportunity to serve its national interest. Qatar has adopted certain policies to increase its national power: 1) good governance 2) use of energy, 3) investment in the energy sector, 4) attraction of fore-ign investment, 5) the export of Gas and 6) media.

Iran has particular complexities, characteristics and certain condi-tion, including strong religious tradition and reproduction of religious values in the globalization era. Therefore, the majority of intellectuals talk about the challenge between tradition and modernity and a gap in the discourse of modernity in Iran. The viewpoints of recent Iranian intellectuals could be categorized in two groups after secularization in Iran: mundane thoughts and worldly thoughts. The discourse of worl-dly intellectuals shows the harmony between religion and world, func-tional attitudes toward religion, the privatization of religion and multi-level attitude towards Islam. The attitude of intellectuals toward secul-arization has structural problems. The secularization needs approp-riate conditions that don’t shape because of religion’s power and min-dset of Iranians. The secularization has suffered from the lack of strong philosophical, religious and social backgrounds. Social and political development indicate a change in the functions of theocracy because of introduction of religious doctrines to the field of politics and execution. Religion is dominant discourse in social, political, personal, cultural and economic sphere. Moreover, it has shaped behavioral, behavioral, mental, and occult pattern of religious Iranians and their all episteme-ological layers.

In globalization era, elements which influence the relations between countries are changed. On one hand, international system or regional countries become important, on the other hand public diplomacy plays a key role in countries’ foreign policy. The effective elements in rela-tions between Iran and Azerbaijan, as two neighboring countries could be analyzed in macro, middle and micro level. At the macro level, the elements such as relations between the US and Azerbaijan, particular attitude of Russia towards Azerbaijan and the relations between Israel and Azerbaijan are important. In regional level, pan Turkey propag-anda, the relations between Turkey and Azerbaijan, cultural issues and Armenia crisis are crucial. Moreover, the elements like lack of econo-mic motivation, and given that both countries fear each other in terms of security, influence the relations between two countries.

The cooperation between sovereignty, the private sector and civil society is inevitable. Sovereignty is responsible for implementation of domestic and foreign policies. Civil society has consisted of public associations which try to develop the country for nonprofit and social ends. Civil society has faced with the challenges in Iran. From a struct-ural perspective, it has faced cultural, legal and economic obstacles. These institutions are inefficient due to unclear goals, weakness of management, lack of credibility and lack of social status and lack of awareness of these organizations about their role in society. The instit-utions have faced external challenges such as their ambiguous rela-tions with state, lack of common identity among non-governmental organization and lack of understanding and acceptance of the role of non-governmental organizations.

 In recent decade, Iran’s nuclear program in international organ izations. Over these years, Israel, more than other countries, has criticized Iran’s nuclear program. Israel has used double agents to sabotage Iran’s nuclear program and used companies in order to infiltrate into a market of Iran’s nuclear program. Likud party has recognized Iran’s nuclear program as a clear existential threat against its survival. Therefore, it has tried to form a global consensus on Iran. Contrary to Likud, Kadima party has developed a cautious approach. The difference between two parties is tactical in how to deal with Iran’s threats. Both of them believe Iran’s nuclear program non peaceful and pose a threat to the region and even to the world that could enter the region in an arms race. Nevertheless, Likud party, as hawkish party, is determined to end Iran’s nuclear program compl etely.