پژوهشنامه اقتصاد و کسب و کار
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1394)

Iran has a great potential in the fields of environmental, historical, and cultural heritage. Relying on these capabilities can be expanded with its own tourism industry. Tourism development for developing countries with problems such as high unemployment rates, foreign exchange and economic monoculture is encountering resource constraints. The heavy reliance on revenues from crude oil exports is of great importance in the economy of our country. Therefore, reliable forecasting and analysis of effective planning in industries related to tourism marketing is an absolute necessity. The main objective of this study is to estimate the demand of foreigners to tourism in Iran and to measure the impact of global GDP, the official exchange rate, consumer price index and oil prices on the demand for tourism in Iran. In this study, the method of ARDL model with the help of Tmymbafth Dykyfvlr unit root test and cumulative test Johansson was applied. Based on the evidence available, all the variables discussed in this study are meaningful and consistent with the theory. The review concluded that the price elasticity of demand in the consumer price index variables in long-term oil prices are stretching and official exchange rates and global GDP variables are inelastic. Cholera review found that the income elasticity of tourism products is essential.

According to the agency theory, there exists a conflict of interests between managers and stockholders since their objectives are not necessarily in line. To manage earnings through accounting accrual is an example of managers’ deviation from interests of stockholders which could undermine the credibility of financial reports and thereby, jeopardize the interests of stockholders and even disrupt the securities market. The ownership structure can, on the one hand, create incentives to earnings management and, on the other hand, limit it. In this article, it has been attempted to answer the question that whether any difference in the ownership structure or, in any sense of the word, ownership concentration leads to a change in earnings management. To this end, through empirical method and regression model, we have investigated the relationship between ownership concentration and earnings management in some companies registered in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2011 and 2012.Our study shows a meaningful and non-linear relationship between earnings management and some criteria of ownership concentration. Most important findings of our study, that could have a great impact on policymaking, suggest a non-linear relation between the percentage of free float shares of a company and the discretionary accruals of that company which could be diagramed as the English letter U upside down. Namely, first, an increase in the percentage of free float shares of a company raises the discretionary accruals. Then, as the free float shares exceeds the maximum level, further increase in this variable would result in a decrease in discretionary accruals. This is the issue that should theoretically be explained.

To satisfy the capital suppliers of enterprises, management people always attempt to publish information in a way that meets their requirements. As a result, it seems that the inconsistency and instability of profit will affect the risk of stock prices reduction. Transparency of financial information has been one of the most influential variables in determining investment strategy in the financial markets. To achieve their objectives, that is, getting appropriate return from their investments, investors need transparent and coherent information on time. Nowadays, one of the points that attracts investors’ attention in selection and purchase of stocks is the amount of company’s free float stock. This study analyzes non-transparent financial reporting and its impact on stock prices of the firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange by taking into account the free float shares in the period from 2007 to 2014. Overall, a group of 458 were under study, of which 118 companies listed on the Stock Exchange were selected as the statistical sample through systematic sampling. To collect the literature review, the research has been done library-based and to gather statistical data financial statements and subsidiary notes have been used. Data analysis is done in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. To analyze data and get the research results Excel and Eviews8 softwares have been utilized. This study is to test a hypothesis through logistic regression model.  The results demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between non-transparent financial reporting and future stock price crash risk in companies with low free float stock.

Investors, consumers and financial analysts interested in more information about the companies can be smooth. One of the recent corporate accounting techniques is used  to smooth earnings as an earnings management model, which has attracted much attention in the accounting literature. That  shows a conscious action by management is to reduce the volatility of profits. We tried to smooth earnings in companies listed on the Stock Exchange will be reviewed. And smoothing it with similar cases in previous years to compare and see how companies have used to smooth earnings. So we tried a nine-year period (1388-1380), we examined smooth. The separation mechanism for companies and non-smooth paved Eckel model (coefficient of variation of spatial distribution of profits to sales) were used. For this purpose, we are smooth at all three levels of net profit. Operating profit and gross profit were studied. And companies that at least one level of profit needed to smooth out and have a smooth profit we introduced with the previous results, comparisons were based on the member firms of the number of companies smoothing 78, and the number of companies was Non-smooth 54.  Research shows that the ratio increased slightly but recently realized that the phenomenon of smoothing earnings is given in three levels.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the auditor’s tenure and the quality of information disclosure. The sample of the research consists of 94 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years between 2004 to 2012. The results of theoretical research suggested that auditor’s tenure may influence on the quality of information disclosure through an effect on the auditing quality and independence. To measure the variable of disclosure quality, the advantages of each company are utilized. These advantages have been extracted by Tehran Stock Exchange Organization through notifications on the quality of information disclosure and proper informing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between auditor tenure and disclosure quality with the use of multiple linear regression analysis and the separation of auditor tenure duration period into two short-term and long-term periods. The results indicated the existence of a significant and positive relationship between auditor’s tenure and disclosure quality. In other words, an increase in auditor’s tenure duration period will substantially lead to an increase in the disclosure quality.

Nowadays, the manufacturing and servicing organizations consider the level of customer satisfaction as an important criterion in measuring the quality of their work, and this trend is still rising. For the time being, because of the vital importance of insurance industry in the growth and prosperity of the countries’ economies, the need for it is inevitable. Accordingly, in this research, we investigate factors affecting the insured’s satisfaction of life insurance with the use of SERVQUAL Model in Novin Insurance Company. This model is one of the most popular models that is used in the service sector in the field of quality assessment. The methodology of the research is descriptive-survey. In this study, sampling method is simple random and the statistical population is the insured of life insurance of Novin Insurance Company in Tehran city and the number of samples is 361 people. The results have been examined using Structural Equation Model and the data have been analyzed using SPSS software and SMART PLS. The results of this research indicate that the insured’s satisfaction of life insurance of Novin Insurance Company has not been affected by the physical dimension and that other dimensions of SERVQUAL Model have affected the insured’s satisfaction of life insurance of Novin Insurance Company. Also, research results demonstrate that in four dimensions of SERVQUAL model there exists a gap between the expected quality and insured’s understanding of the quality of services and that the largest gap is related to empathy and the smallest gap is related to reliability

This paper is a study of the impact of the decisions made by the judiciary, legislative and executive systems on the solvency of insurance companies with regard to third-party life insurance in the year 2014. Its purpose is utilization-oriented and the method used is a descriptive survey. The statistical population included experts and managers of insurance industry that with the use of Cochran test, 150 out of 260 people were selected. Research method is simple random sampling. For the purpose of studying and investigating the impact of decisions made by the judiciary, legislative and executive systems on the solvency of insurance companies with regard to third- party life insurance, a researcher-made questionnaire with 6 topics and 15 items applying 5-point Likert scale was used. Using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed %87 which indicated the adequacy of measurement tools and methods. After collecting data, the SPSS software was used for both descriptive and inferential analyses. The results indicated that setting the upper limits of insurer’s obligations (setting and notifying the amount of blood cost) by judiciary system, interpreting the laws by judges in the process of probing litigations of policyholders and insurance companies, lengthy and slow process of courts, changing and determining of the insurance regulations by legislative system, setting the upper limits of insurance premium and the policies of executive system concerning insurance, contracts and losses paid have great effects on the solvency of insurance companies with regard to third- party life insurance. Nevertheless, charges and tolls imposed by legislative system has no tangible effect on the solvency of insurance companies with regard to third- party life insurance.