فصلنامه پژوهش های منطقه ای
سال سوم شماره 10 (زمستان 1394)

One of the today crises in the Muslim world is the issue of extremism that mainly has been emerged by Salafist groups, especially Wahhabism in the face of modernity. its intellectual roots returns to the Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Ibn Taymiyya, who were the companions of hadith, But in the contemporary era the political and social conditions with the presence of colonialism in Muslim countries were so that their emergence has been strengthened. Salafis knowingly or unknowingly disputed among the ranks of Muslims with their intellectual positions of petrifactions. This article seeks to examine those beliefs, and behaviors that accommodate dispute among Muslims.

The term of Muslim world, is common in many dialogues and titles, parties, groups, organizations, institutions, books and magazines, fields of culture and Islamic civilization. And given the importance and frequency of its use, has found a clear concept. The population of the Muslim world in the form of various nationalities is living in the wide geographical distribution. This range in terms of geopolitical is in a unique position and in fact it is raised as a major pole of civilization, cultural, demographic, economic and political in the earth and has ample capability and capacity for synergy among Islamic countries and for have an influence on the international community and its equivalents. Currently, about one billion and seven hundred million Muslims are living in different countries that account for 25 percent of world population and the Shi'ite population is estimated about 350 million. In this paper, with a new and updated look, by noting the importance and geographies of Muslim world and with a focus on its ethnic, linguistic and religious composition diversity, a report of each is presented in order to introduce and to make ideas and knowledge connections for researchers in this field.

Regional and global developments in recent decades and the role of Shiites in various Islamic countries, provide opportunities to build greater convergences among Shiites, and promote the soft power of Shia world more and more, and pave the way for its transformation into a dominant power in the Muslim world and the international level. This issue has attracted the attention of thinkers of the political arena and strategic studies centers at international level more than before. Since the geopolitical View to the macro issues has particular importance in the study of International Relations and Strategic Studies, in this paper different dimensions of the topic "the geo-political Extend of Shia", are examined, with a short mention to some theoretical discussions about geopolitics, And concluded that Shia Geopolitics Extend and deepen and the ongoing development depends on using geo-political opportunity and proper management of geopolitics challenges.

During the heyday and power of Islamic civilization, facing the Islam and the West never led to dominate of West and even the Muslim impressionability; because the Muslims were in a higher position. But after the decline of Islamic civilization, West faced with the Muslim world by hostile and colonial approach and exploited the Muslim world in various forms of colonialism in the politic, economic and culture and left very negative historical mentality. Adversarial, hegemonic and colonialzing Performance of West towards Muslims caused them to whomp up for the Restoration of dignity and their interests. Hence anti-Western dimensions of Islamic awakening can be the natural consequences of West performance. Of course, anti-west dimensions of Islamic Awakening is not limited to the political and historical aspects, But also the different sources of knowledge and intellectual adds contrast depth. The West also tried to stop the Islamic awakening process or that limit them in the economic demands and geographic boundaries that with strengthening nationalist and sectarian dimensions prevents the formation of Islamic civilization landscape in their struggles.

Christians are an important part of the religious community in Syria, which in all Syrian government ages has maintained their existence. The aim of this paper is to explain the situation of Christians in Syria with descriptive and analytical methodology and historical approach. The Identify of the situation of Christians in Syria, in a country where has different religions and sects, helps to have more precise analysis about the events of that. The findings show that Christians in Syria were always important group of religious minorities in Syria and now also make up about eight percent of the Syrian population. Now Syrian Christians inhabit in coastal areas and cities such as Damascus, at Bab Touma area, Aleppo, Homs, Tartous, Hama, Latakia,and Hasaka . Syrian Christians have supported the legitimate government (Bashar Assad) in recent crisis in this country. And always have expressed concern about the invasion of Takfiri groups in Syria.

Indonesian people in the shadow of the profound belief in Islam and applying its rules could find their identity, Islam also cause unity among the dispersed community of Indonesia And their independence and national unity was ensured as a result of that. Republic of Indonesia's religious building is such a way that Shiites because of their traditional base, however, have failed so far to have influential role, but with the opportunities and potential that Indonesia's Shia community have, will can contribute to the country's political social and cultural fate in the future; In this regard, we are looking for an expression analytical report of the situation of Shiites in Indonesia; This paper explains the strong and weak points, opportunities and threats facing the country's Shiites and provides strategies for overcoming the current situation to the overall growth and development in the field of religious, scientific, social cultural and political.