نشریه پژوهش های ادبی
پیاپی 29-30 (پاییز و زمستان 1389)

This article, with the structural analysis of deceits and tricks of women in the stories of A Thousand and One Nights, tries to study their specialties and then responds to the problems propounded in this field such as structure of the stories, manner and results of actions and desires of those deceits. Basis of the current work has been the book ‘Morphology of Fairytales’ and application of its pattern in the books such as a ‘Prelude on Morphology of A thousand and One Nights’. As it was felt initially that tricks of deceitful women of A thousand and One Nights are merely a reaction i.e. fraudulences take place in response to inequalities, exercising of authorities etc… But, the current research has distinguished that the reactionary movements take place from fraudulent whose number is 64 which is against the 69 proposed reactions. The remarkable point is that in most of the cases i.e. 54 times reactionary movements are justifiable and successful.

Jalal Uddin Mohammad Maulavi, for presenting his exalted spiritual teachings, applied allegorical/proverbial narrations so that he could make deep messages and difficult Masnavi easier and identical for his audiences. For that matter, he most often looks for stories that have precedence in peoples’ minds but from the source of the story, he constructs his own narrative containing his messages. He was also intelligently impressive in narration and often employed the narrative elements, suitable with narrative capacities, in competition with modern story writing. In this research, with comparative methods, the narrative elements of two anecdotes of Masnavi and Elahinameh of Attar “requesting to Christ by his companion to make skeleton alive” have been studied with the aim to highlight strength and weakness of each of these anecdotes and to analyze the manners of utilizing elements such as plan and plot, characters, discourse, angle, stagemanagement, place and time, casting difficulties, resolving difficulties and narrative themes in the forms of comparison.

This paper tries to find out textual methodology of perception theory in the novel “Del-e-Fulad (1369) of Maniro Ravanipour. Presumably, the aim is to know the significant difference between reading this text in its year of publication comparison to reading the same, years later. In the course of its assessment, the research found that apart from purport “war” that prevailed in 1990, an imprint of other meanings could be seen in this novel in 2010. Purports such as woman writer, individual and temporal dictatorships, society, power history etc and comprehensive “anticipated horizon” can be examined in the folds of this novel during the time span of about two decades. The proposed paper is based on descriptive-analytical method as well as library studies. Since, this method was not applied for “Del-e- Fulad” so far, it is believed that the proposed report could prove effective in the way of making it “creative” and “reading-centric”.

Two anecdotes “Tristan and Iseult” and “Vis and Ramin”, despite some varying points, have much similarities. The fiction “Tristan and Iseult” that was written about a century after “Vis and Ramin” is considered the masterpiece of erotic literature in the western world. Since these two works are the primary and foremost love stories of the East and the West, this paper attempts to explain commonality and differences in literature and culture taking into account analyticalcomparative methods. For this purpose, after reviewing the origin of the story of “Tristan and Iseult” and counting its similarities with “Vis and Ramin”, the paper studies and analyzes the two works with respect to their structure and contents.

‘Lion’ is one of symbols of creation that has often mentioned in Shahnameh of Firdausi with varying topics and themes. It is evident that topics related to lion do not come from Shahnameh alone hence; its complete inquiry is not possible without reviewing other epical compositions followed Shahnameh. In order to understand all topics and indications related to lion, it is necessary to study Shahnamed and 10 other epical compositions (such as Gashesp Nameh, Borzunameh, Bahman Nameh, Jahangir Nameh, Sam Nameh, Shehryar Nameh, Faramarz Nameh, Kak Kuhzad, Kush Nameh and Girshasp Nameh). After reviewing them, this paper has extracted, classified and made an analysis of the most important mythological-epical and ceremonial themes of this animal. These themes include kepi lion, soldier lion, lion leather and fighting tool, totem lion, portrait lion, and rules of lion worshipping, guardian of tomb and treasure, magic lion, astrological explications of lion, child and lion.

The current article tries to study the natural elements mentioned in the poems of two important poets of Khorasani style i.e. Unsuri Balkhi and Manuchehri Damghani. For that matter, first, those elements in the poems of Unseri were defined based on ten ingresses and with an emphasis on plants and animals and then with the help of SPSS software these were extracted, analyzed and compared with the elements in the poems of Manuchehri. Results show that almost all literature of Manuchehri and Unsuri contain at least one natural element which is indicator of a particular emphasis of these two poets on nature and environment. Flowers, plants, birds and animals have been reflected widely in their poems. Among birds, although nightingale often reflected in the poems of these two poets but birds are more common in the works of Manuchehri. Among domesticated animals, horse, elephant and camel and among undomesticated animals, tigers have applied most that have been analyzed by the current paper.

This article discusses about lingual adverbial subject with due attention to some of the grammatical views. For that matter, first, the paper presents various definitions about adverb and then it assesses the most comprehensive ones. Consequently, adverb and adverbial supplements studied and their place of emergence have been indicated with respect to verbal capacities. After the review of adverbial structure, conflicting views of grammarians about conjunction or connection of some of the lingual elements such as “in case”, “since”, “if” etc… studied and were rejected by presenting reasons of these elements being conjunctive.

Discourse is a kind of communication that has so far been studied and described from various angles. Knowledge such as linguistics, grammar, semantics, usage each has analyzed and discussed this phenomenon. Science of eloquence, although, compiled with the intention of explaining and verifying Qur’anic miracles however; with the expansion of topics, it transformed as one of the important tools of literary figures for explaining the literary elegance. Semantics is one of the actual branches of eloquence that with the spread of elegance and accomplishment of outlook of this science could acquire result for the criticism and the analysis of lingual texts. Whether in the form of writing or words, discourse possesses ingredients that in semantics are studied in a single sentence. According to this science, discourse is divided into information and composition. Here, the composition plays fundamental role in providing ground for speaker and audience. Question is from five-dimensional types of composition that by relying on second meaning helps the speaker reach to his target. The same aspect introduces it as the most important and effective sentence in transferring meaning, teaching and describing spiritual experiences in the works of Ayn-al-Quzat. Taking into account the features of eloquence and their role in strengthening communicative elements, the current article tries to study and explain the impacts and eloquence in the Persian works of Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani.

 In this article, four anecdotes i.e. Siyavush and Sodabeh from Persian literature, Konaleh and Tishirak Tshita from Scythian literature, Yousef and Zulekha from Semitic literature and Phedre and Hippolyte from western literature selected and have been studied based on the content analysis of Todorov. In all these four anecdotes, actual and incidental circumstances and proposition can be reached in the similar fashion. In other words, all peripheral incidents show three personalities and in each of these anecdotes, queen falls in love with a boy but the boy remains faithful to the king, uncovers woman’s love and charged with and at last, the fact is revealed. The propositions of these stories emerge identical with the situation, traction and adjective. With reference to the viewpoints of Todorov, existence of five-dimensional aspects i.e. predictive, prerequisite, supplicating, conditional and foresighted have been studied in these four stories and these matters emphasize more on the similarity of permissible structure of the stories.