نشریه پژوهش های ادبی
پیاپی 79 (بهار 1402)

A main characteristics of his poetry is the unity of existence, one of the most important topics among mystics, which can be seen throughout his Divaan. In this research, it is aimed to analyze the theory of the unity of existence and the types of metaphors of this theme, including metaphors with a naturalistic, geometric, anti-religious, romantic and romantic approach, in the Maqrebi Divaan. These metaphors, which are self-explanatory of the images and themes of Maqrebi poems, have been examined by citing examples of their various usages and referring to similar examples in the Divaan of other distinguished poets.

This research aims to analyze these themes in the poetry of women in this field through a descriptive-analytical method. The selection of women's poetry is to show some female perspectives in the use of motifs, the frequency of their use and the character of their flow in the field of sacred defense. The results of the research indicate a very surprising effect of the value concepts of sacred defense and its important elements and events on the minds of poets and their manifestation in the form of themes that show the intellectual dimensions and feelings and emotions of passionate and thoughtful women. It is also understood from the results of this research that in the poems of this type, there are themes that are unique to the holy defense and due to the frequency of use, real narration, historical identification, archetypal depth and symbolic function. It will remain forever in Persian literature.

In Iranian culture, one of the recurring narrative patterns is the narrations in which the story of the birth of a hidden king is mentioned. In this article, three Iranian hidden narrations of the King are examined. In all these narrations, first a prediction announces the birth of the next king, and then the forces for or against it seek it, the child is born, raised in secret, and becomes the king when the opponents are defeated. The study of these narratives has been inspired by a combination of methods used by Propp and Roglan. The functions and characters of the king's hidden narratives are based on Propp's method in The Morphology of Folk Tales. The use of Roglan's models is also important because he examined the myths that have similarities with the subject of this study and gave a general model of them. The present study shows that the three narrations of Fereydoun and Kaykhosrow in Ferdowsi’s Shahname and Ardashir’s narration in Karname-ye Ardashir-e Babakan can all be placed in a single model with five main functions.

The present study attempts to study the transformation of some of the components of romanticism within the political thresholds. The aim of the present study is achieving a suitable answer to how some more political doctrines of romanticism such as freedom of admiring the women’s rights, outburst of feelings, and full-scale defense of personal experiences becomes so vast that change the non-romanticism components into political issues. In the present study, the poems of the aforementioned poets, that is, Farokhzad and Behbahani, which are different in terms of the content in addition to form, have been investigated and analyzed. Despite all the differences, they are considered to be similar in terms of political thresholds with respect to the transformation of themes, particularly naturalism and personal feelings, in their works.

The Igd -ul-ula' is one of the most special texts of Persian prose, which is full of Persian and Arabic words, idioms, poems and proverbs. These features have led to the need for a comprehensive description of the Igd -ul-ula'. Maryam Iranmanesh has described and analyzed this book. This description has major drawbacks in several cases. In this article, we have divided these problems into six groups: lexical problems in Persian and Arabic, grammatical errors, syntactic errors, ambiguities and inadequacies in translating Arabic poems, and not mentioning the speakers of the poems. We have tried to show how the commentator made a mistake in each of these cases and what the source of this error was by referring to Davin poets, reference books and authoritative Persian and Arabic dictionaries. Explanatory lexical errors are due to not referring to valid Persian and Arabic dictionaries and her morphological and syntactic problems are often the result of not recognizing the syntactic role of words and phrases, lack of recognition of time, roots and form of verbs and inadequacies and ambiguity due to not referring to the poet's divan, Are authentic reference books and dictionaries. In each case, after mentioning the forms of the text, we have provided the explanatory explanations, and after reviewing these explanations and showing its errors and defects, we have provided the description and explanation of our proposal from the text. We have tried to make our proposed explanations free of these slips and to be deeper and more accurate.

The present study aimed to investigate the discursive antagonism in war novels. To this end, first antagonistic discourses were identified, and then the antagonistic atmosphere and otherness between the discourses represented in the war novels were analyzed: otherness in such novels focuses in part on the foreign enemy (Iraq). In this process, the Iraqi enemy is othered as a disbeliever in an ideological reading based on the discourse of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Moreover, there is a tendency towards focusing on the enemy’s arms, hence neglecting the agency of its human forces. On the other hand, the liberal and ethnic nationalist discourses are othered as the domestic antagonistic discourses. The liberal discourse strives to deconstruct the idea of public mobilization by using the specialization slogan and defeat the hegemonic dominant discourse by weakening public mobilization. By juxtaposing ethnic values against national interests, the ethnic nationalist discourse strives to substitute ethnic values for national identity markers or give priority to the former. Finally, the Islamic revolutionary discourse becomes hegemonic, succeeding to marginalize the antagonistic discourses, or suppressing the other discourses by its hegemonic interference at times.

In this article, some stylistic features of Khaqani's poetry have been analyzed in the rhetorical layer of the text. For this purpose, all compressed and extended images were analyzed and analyzed in terms of the source of the image and how the subject is related to the image. This is useful in several ways. First, the frequency of imagery sources in the text introduces us to the important categories of the poet's mind and thought, and on the other hand, the type of connection between the subject and the source of the image can be a sign of the poet's attitude and life experience with the world. Other topics such as the difference in the conceptual domain of the image between different types of lyrical, eulogy and judgmental poetry, identifying stylistic features and explaining the function of the image for the poet, are other categories that we have addressed in this article by mentioning the evidence.

In this research, the authors have tried to analyze the three main currents of Iranian political intellectuals in the four periods of Ahmad Shamlou's intellectual life in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method. Examining Shamlu's poems, it is determined that Shamlu is a poet born from the heart of the society and belongs to the masses, and his poetry is the manifestation of the realities of the society and the ideals of the masses, and in his political poems, he wants to remain in the memory of the society as an intellectual. Stay as a poet. An intellectual who has used poetry as a tool for his struggle. He expects the reader to look at his poetry as a tool. A tool that is supposed to serve as an awareness for their creation and liberatio.