فصلنامه آبزیان و شیلات
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1391)

Serum hormonal and ionic determinations were analyzed in normal adult hawksbill turtles
( Eretmochelys imbricata ) during foraging season. There were a positive correlation between most of the blood hormonal and ionic variations and biometric parameters ( P <0.01).The range of ionic parameters including Na+, K+ and Cl- were determined as follow: 110-115, 2.2-4.6 and 0.8-7 mmol/l and for Fe2+, Ca2+ and P+ were as follow 5.3-33.2 µg/dl, 5.8-11.3 and 4.4-15 mg/dl. This study has produced working reference intervals useful for hawksbill turtles for future conservation and rehabilitation projects in the Persian Gulf and may be of assistance in similar programs worldwide.

This study was conducted to survey species diversity, dominance, and richness indices and determines relationship among some sea water and sea bed characteristics with abundance of the hermit crabs in the coastal zones of Hormuz Island. Six stations were selected in intertidal zones during the four seasons (in Summer 2010 to Summer 2011), and sampling was done by hurling random quadrate (9 quadrates 0.5×0.5 m). Physicochemical factors such as pH, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, slope, and the sediment grain size were measured and the correlation between the measurements and abundance of the hermit crabs was calculated by the Spearman rank correlation (Significance for all tests was set at 0.05). PAST software was utilized for calculating species biodiversity indexes (Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiener species diversity index, and Margalef richness index). Results indicated that station 4 (western coast of Hormuz Quay) contained the most amount of the biodiversity indices and station 6 (Red soil mine) contained the lowest amount of the biodiversity indices. According to biodiversity indices, station 6 is a difficult and inappropriate habitat for the hermit crabs. Shannon-Wiener species diversity index and Margalef richness index showed negative correlation by slope (in bed) and Simpson dominance index showed positive correlation by percent of sand in bed.

Nemipteridae family and especially Nemipterus japonicus have an important economic value and high catch amount in industrial trawlers. This study was carried out to monitor catch per unit of area (CPUA) and distribution pattern of Nemipteridae by R/V Ferdows-1 covering 63 stations in the Oman Sea (Sistan and Baluchistan Waters). Total catch of Nemipteridae family was determined 3242.6 Kg which Nemipterus japonicus with 53.4% and Parascolopsis aspinosa with 0.3% had the maximum and minimum amount of catch respectively. Catch per unit of area of Nemipteridae family and N e mi p t e r u s j a p o n i c u s were calculated 451.4 and 242.7 Kg/nm2, respectively. Maximum abundance was found in depths more than 30 m in Makisar, Tang and Gourdim area. Maximum density (CPUA) of this family was observed in the layer of more than 30 m from 2002 to 2009 in the Oman Sea. The catch amount and catch per unit of area of Nemipteridae family showed increasing trend in the last decade that demonstrated relative stable condition of Nemipteridae stocks.

In aquaculture, water quality plays an important role in health, growth and survival of fish. By increasing demand for environment friendly aquaculture, the use of probiotics in aquaculture is now widely accepted. The effect of commercial probiotics, Bioplus 2B at 0.1 and 0.2 g/l on water quality parameters, growth performance and survival rate of P o e c ili a s p h e n o p s was investigated in system whit no water exchange. The experiment was conducted in Fisheries Group, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan, in the fall of 1385. Nine aquaria with three replicates for each treatment were used. Each tank was stocked with 30 fish (average weight, 1.05 g). Water quality parameters were tested daily. At the end, fish from all the tanks were weighed and counted to calculate fish survival rate and growth performance. Probiotics have no significant impact on the quality of water ( p >0.05), however increased the growth and survival rates of fish ( p <0.05).

The use of live food is important in larviculture. In aquaculture enriched Artemianauplii with essential nutrients highly unsaturated fatty acids and Vitamin C has been used in order to increase growth, survivalrate, and resistance to various environmental stresses as well as infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of enriched Artemia with unsaturated fatty acid and vit.c on feeding of Gold Fish Larvae for determination of Anti stress factors in a three-weed period for this purpose,4 feeding treatments were applied to Gold Fish larvia as follows:1)artificial food, 2)newly hatched Artemia , 3)enriched Artemia and 4)50% enriched Artemia and 50% artificial food.Results showed that the growth rates of larvae is various treatments were significantly different (p<0.01) particularly feeding lervea with non-enriched Artemia resulted in lower growth rate.Incontrast,the group fed with a mixture of concentrated food and enriched Artemia nauplii with ascorbilpalmitate and n-3 HUFA showed a better growth rate compared to other treatment groups.survival rate (p<0.05),tolerance of high temperature (p<0.01),resistance to hypoxic stress (p<0.01),were all significantly higher in the group fed with enriched Artemia nauplii with ascorbilpalmitate and n-3 HUFA.

The appropriate quality of sperm whose important feature is movement , can cause increased fertilization. As the quality of sperms and ova were reduced at the end of the propagation period, and this problem may cause quality decrease of production, this research has been conducted in order to increase the efficiency of reproduction fertilization, by using activating solution at the mid of propagation season at the salmonid reproduction and conservation center of ShahidBahonar–Kelardasht in late 2012.In this regard, firstly 14 activating solutions with different component have been selected and were used in preliminary studies and finally, 7 activating solutions on the basis of compound and duration of sperm movement have been chosen for final surveys. In order to survey of the 7 selected solutions as well as distilled water, hatchery water (As control group) and physiology serum , on the duration of sperm movement, fertilization rate, eyed egg and hatching, 5 females and 5males of rainbow trout were randomly selected.Results showed that, among surveyed items, the activating solutions had significant difference comparing with each other and also the control group.The highest duration of sperm movement was produced by the number 1 (NaCl = 6gr/L,CaCl2.2H2O = 0.2gr/L , CO(NH2)2= 4.50gr/L, pH=7.6) and 6 (CaCl2.2H2O=./735 gr/L,NaCl=7/305 gr/L ,pH=7/7)Activating solutions which have significant difference with the other groups and also the control group. But fertilization, eyeing and hatching rate have not significant different with control group. Final conclusion confirmed that, the sperm activating solutions have positive and significant effects on extending the time length of sperms movement of Salmo caspius but there was no significant differencein surveyed items consist of fertilization, eyeing and hatching rates comparing with control group.

Heavy metals like Zinc and Lead are Known as the main important pollutants of water in rivers wich run and last in Caspian sea.The gool of this study was to determine the Lc50 of Zinc and Leads for Acipencer stellatus frys
and also Analyzing their histopathological effects an liver and gill tissues.This economical fish in Caspian sea is facing toward the densities lower than fatal amount (25%-50%-75%) of lead and zinc . According to the above mentioned, first of all, the Lc50 of these metals were estimated during 96 hours of standard method(O.E.C.D,1989) and static style.All the chemical and physical characters of water Such as,PH,hardness,Dissolved oxygen,… were measured during each experiment.In the next level,the concentrations of Lc50(25%-50% and75%) was determined and in addition in each measuring, fish were in expose of the noted concentration three times.In the following,a witness group was chosen to be taken(the fish)randomly after a week . the work of this group was tube separated all the kidney and gills tissue toward Paraffin style.By applying a microscope with was equipped with a camera,they captured some evidences by the tissues,After this stage the results were expressing ahealthy tissue in both parts (liver-gills).However in the other group with was kept in a special environment fatal concentrations of histopathological side effects was obvious. Symptoms such as cellular necrosis, bleeding Hyperplasia, ect .These side effects were in an increasing line when recorded by 25%. Sample toward the 75% sample .Totally expressing, while comparing these two groups, the liver of special group in our study that has been analyzed, was shown a more healthy stage than the gills of taken fish.

This study was conducted to examine TVB-N changes in  O t o lit h e s r u b e r and  Argyrops spinifer stored under the ice (4°C). Changes of volatile nitrogenous bases after fishing on 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 13, 16 and 18 days of storage in ice were measured by Kejeltac method. The results showed the average amount of volatile nitrogenous bases for Otolithes rub er was 25.731±7.07 mg per 100 g and in Argyrops spinifer was 20.88±5/53 mg per 100 grams. The TVB-N in Otolithes ruber at day 9 and day 13 in Argyrops spinifer were 25.2 mg per 100 g. The TVB-N after 19 days between two species Otolithes ruber and Argyrops spinifer significance different (P<0.05). The volatile nitrogenous bases after 19 days stored in Otolithes ruber was more than in Argyrops spinifer (P<0.05), But it certainly can not say it was any more corrupt and So along with other indicators such as volatile nitrogenous bases Trimethylamine and Formaldehyde are also measured. Otolithes ruber can be kept 9 under ice and Argyrops spinifer 13 days, after this time, the quality is reduce