مجله دیابت و متابولیسم ایران
سال هجدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 87، خرداد و تیر 1398)

Cardiomyopathy is one of adverse effects of diabetes that associated with cardiac muscle metabolism and function disruption. Exercise training decreases adverse effects of diabetes on heart by changing genes involved in cardiac metabolism and increasing myokines secretion. So, the aim of this study was to investigate of 8 weeks aerobic training on cardiac PGC-1α gene expression and plasma irisin in STZ-induced diabetics’ rats.

16 STZ-induced diabetics Wistar rats (10 weeks old) divided into control and aerobic training groups. Time and intensity of exercise session began with 15 minutes and 10 m/min, and gradually increased to 40 minutes and 25 m/min at seventh week and kept to the end of eighth’s week (8 weeks). Cardiac PGC-1α gene expression analyzed by PCR, and plasma concentration of insulin, glucose were analyzed by ELISA method 48 hours after the last session of exercise training. Data were analyzed by independent t test at alpha level of 0/05.

the results showed that aerobic exercise training increased PGC-1α concentration (P<0/001) and plasma irisin (P<0/001). Further analysis showed that aerobic exercise training decreased glucose concentration (P<0/001) and increased insulin concentration (P<0/001), but had no effect of insulin resistance (P=0/79). In addition, the results revealed that there is a positive correlation between PGC-1α and plasma irisin (P<0/001) and insulin (P=0/019), but it has a negative correlation with plasma glucose (P=0/001). There is also a positive significant correlation between isirin and insulin (P=0/001), and a negative correlation between irisin and glucose (P=0/002).

The findings suggest that aerobic exercise training induces increased cardiac PGC-1α gene expression and plasma irisin. These changes have a significant correlation with lowered glucose and increased plasma insulin insulin in STZ-induced diabetics’ rats.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the first cause of death in diabetic patients and angiogenesis is the most important mechanism for the recovery of heart blood flow in physiologic and pathologic conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of moderate continuous and sever interval training on heart angiogenesis in Wistar male diabetic rats.

32 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: healthy non-exercised, diabetic no exercise, diabetic + moderate continuation and diabetic + severe interval exercises. Two types of exercises were calibrated and the exercise intensity was determined based on the maximum oxygen consumption and 5 days a week. The pro-angiogenic (VEGF, MMP2, TGFβ1) and anti-angiogenic (TIMP2) agents of the left ventricle of the heart were taken from the rat after 48 hours of the last training session. Western blot method was used to evaluate the synthesis of proteins involved in angiogenic route. Data were measured by one-way variance analysis with repeated measurements (P =0/000).

The results showed that the levels of proangiogenic VEGF, MMP2, TGFβ1 significantly increased, but the anti-angiogenic factor of TIMP2 decreased (P <0.05). In addition, the maximum level of oxygen consumed in both continuous and periodic training groups showed a significant increase.

Moderate and continuous exercise increases angiogenic factors in the heart of diabetic Wistar rats, which is a good way to reduce the mortality rate of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus, which is associated with elevated blood glucose, lipids and liver enzymes, may results in alterations in the production of inflammatory cytokines, including chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), which induce and promote complications of diabetes such as atherosclerosis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of chitinase-3 like 1 protein (YKL-40) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in type 2 diabetes with coronary artery disease compared to diabetic and healthy control.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 87 subjects in four groups, including: 23 samples as healthy control (Group 1), 22 patients with type 2 diabetes (Group 2), 20 patients with coronary artery disease (Group 3) and 22 patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (Group 4). Serum Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), High density lipoprotein (HDL-C), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), YKL-40 and hs-CRP were determined.

The mean serum levels of FBS (Group 1 with 2 and 4, Group 2 and 3, P = 0.001), Cholesterol (Group 1 and 3, P = 0.03), Triglyceride (Group 2 and 3,p=0.027), HDL-C (Group 1 with 3 and 4, P = 0.02, P = 0.01 respectively), ALT (Group 1 and 4, P = 0.03, Group 2 and 4, P = 0.02) and AST (Group 2 and 4, P = 0.009) were significantly different..The mean serum levels of YKL-40 were significantly difference in the group 1(4.81±1.27 ng/ml) and group 2 (15.52±4.61 ng/ml) (P=0.01), group 3 (19.2±2.75 ng/ml, P=0.017) and group 4 (16.1±4.17 ng/ml, P=0.04). Also, The mean serum levels of hs-CRP in the group 3 (4.49± 1.53 μg/ml) and group 4 (1.28 ± 0.43 μg/ml) was significantly difference (P= 0.028).

Serum levels of YKL-40 are increased in people with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. It is recommended to determine the serum level of this marker in these patients.

The ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical technique that is widely used due to its high sensitivity and speed for the detection of ionized molecules in gas phase and under atmospheric pressure. Breath analysis is a new method for obtaining information about person's clinical conditions that is considered by researchers. Human exhaled air contains a variety of components such as water vapor, hydrogen, acetone which in case of disease changes the amount of them. Some of these substances are highly related to diseases like asthma, lung cancer, diabetes. In this research work, the detection and measurement of acetone in breath of diabetics is described using an ion mobility spectrometer with a corona-positive ionization source.

Instrumental parameters such as cell and injection temperatures, drift and corona voltages, carrier and drift gas flow rates, and pulse width were investigated. Under optimum conditions, calibration curve and other figures of merits were determined. Under optimum conditions, the breath of diabetics were sampled by syringe and then injected to IMS.

Under optimum experimental conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 10-80 ng. The relative standard deviation for 20 and 50 ng of acetone with 6 times the measurement were 7.2 and 6.2%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 2.7 and 9 ng, respectively. The developed method has been used satisfactory to determine of acetone in the breath of diabetics.

Adropin is a peptide hormone playing a role in energy homeostasis and prevention of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise with low intensity on serum adropin levels and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in obese sedentary adolescent boys.

This study was carried out in a quasi-experimental design. 26 obese adolescent boys were recruited (Mean ± SD: 13.4±0.81 yr; weight: 85.44±8.51kg) and were randomly assigned into two groups: aerobic exercise and control group. The training group performed running with intensity of 50-65% of maximal heart rate, three times a week for 10 weeks. Before and after intervention, blood sampling for measurement of serum adropin, fasting insulin and glucose was carried out. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test at significant levels of P≤0.05.

Weight (P=0.001) and body fat percent (P=0.017) showed significant reduction in aerobic group in posttest compared to pretest and control group. Serum adropin levels were increased significantly in aerobic exercise group compared to pretest and control group (P=0.0001). Significant correlation was seen between changes of adropin with changes of weight, body fat percent and HOMA-IR (P≤0.05).

According to the relationship between adropin with body composition and insulin resistance and also, its influence from aerobic exercise, adropin may play a special role in weight and obesity management.

Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes with regard to the hormones involved. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on Dpp-4 and GLP-1 in obese women with type 2 diabetes.

From among obese women with type-2 diabetes mellitus 35-50 years old referred to the Diabetes Association of Saveh, 20 people were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to two groups of control (10) and Experiment group (10) were divided. Twenty four hours before the beginning of the training, the individual characteristics of the subjects included age, height, weight, body mass index and research variables (insulin resistance, Dpp-4 and GLP-1) in the pre-test and the training group Aerobic exercise lasted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 45-60 minutes each session, and the control group did not practice. After 8 weeks and 24 hours after the last training session, the individual characteristics and variables of the research were again measured. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and dependent t-test at p≤0.05.

There was a significant increase in the level of GLP-1 (P= 0.001) and a significant decrease in DPP-4 level (P= 0.001) in the aerobic exercise group compared to the control group.

Results showed that Dpp-4 and GLP-1 values were significantly different in aerobic training group after 8 weeks compared to control group. It was also found that aerobic training significantly increased the level of GLP-1 and decreased the level of DPP-4.