ماهنامه معرفت
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 10 (پیاپی 265، دی 1398)

This paper is the description of the brilliant word of the Amir al-Mu’minin Ali (P.B.U.H.) regarding the characteristics of the righteous and real Shiites. Some of the other characteristics of believers are humanity and hard work. The believer should not bother people and leave his responsibility on them. The true Shia always try to work hard for the comfort of others. Taking benefit from the divine blessings is legitimate in Islam that cannot be considered as an undesirable tendency. The leaders and managers of the Islamic community have been instructed in the Islamic teachings to use the minimal amount of worldly possessions. Therefore, avoiding the world and all sorts of attachments that reduces the believer's attention to God and the Hereafter is desirable. Taking reasonable benefit from the worldly blessings is desirable and permissible.

Love of God the Almighty can bring the eternal happiness and enjoyment. Therefore, it is highly important to study the otherworldly effects of love of God. Using a thematic interpretation method and focusing on the commentaries of the Holy Qur’an particularly Al-Mizan, this paper seeks to study the otherworldly effects of love of God. The findings show that, not only the love of God has several impacts on the worldly life, it has several effects on the otherworldly life. In the eternal house, the lover of God attains blessings such as, forgiveness, rescuing from the hell fire, attaining the heavenly blessings, divine satisfaction and fulfilling the desires.

human happiness in different dimensions is based on the specific factors, which is set in the universe. since Islam seeks to provide all-round human happiness in both the physical and the spiritual dimensions, it has introduced the basic criteria and factors for this path. using a descriptive-analytical approach this paper studies the supernatural factors of economic progress from the viewpoint of the holy Qur’an. These factors can be divided into two categories, the internal and external ones. Internal factors include faith, righteous deeds, piety, commitment to religious beliefs, patience, gratitude, forgiveness, charity, remembrance, reliance, and prayer, and the external factors include the divine will in provision.

Redistribution of wealth is defined as reducing income inequality and creating economic opportunities for development. Using a descriptive-analytical method this paper seeks to analyze the role of reputation of ownership in the redistribution of wealth. Ownership is a specific relationship between the owner and the property that enables the owner to take possession of the property. The purpose of this research is to provide the conditions for the elimination of poverty in the society upon the rule of reputation of ownership. The findings show that, the rule of reputation of ownership and considering the wealth as a Divine trust can draw the attention of the rich to the needy to meet their needs upon the rule of redistribution of wealth.

The word Razwan is one of the key words in the semantic system of the Holy Qur’an. Using a descriptive-analytical and a semantic approach this paper seeks to study the word “Razwan” in the Holy Qur’an. Synonymously, Razvan has a semantic link with “mercy”, “forgiveness”, “bounty” and “piety” but similarly has a semantic link with “success”, “salvation” and “closeness”. The word "love" is equivalent to the word “Razvan”; just as the words “discontent”, “aversion” and “anger” contradicts Razvan. The semantic analysis of Razvan in the Qur’an shows that this word is quite spiritual and is restricted to the Almighty God. The word Razwan in the worldview of the Holy Qur’an indicates the highest stages of perfection that can be achieved in line with the purpose of creation and the divine law.

Based on the pre-Islamic concept, the word “piety” and its derivatives are defined in the Arabic dictionary as “preservation” and identified it with the meaning of “fear”. Before Islam, this word has a more common and non-religious usage. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper seeks to study the word “piety” in the Arabic dictionaries to clarify the process of evolution in the meaning of “piety”, at the time of revelation, based on the gradual revelation of the Qur’an. The findings show that, the usage of the word “piety” has increased in number in the Madani era. Maintaining its previous meaning and conforming with the righteous deeds and faith in the Qur’an, it was also found that, the word has been developed in such a way that it comprehends the whole “system of servitude”, so that it has drawn the spiritual way of man towards God.

In 2006 Gabriel Sawma wrote the book, “The Qur’an Misinterpreted, Mistranslated, and Misread, the Aramaic Language of the Qur’an”. In this book, he claims that the language of the Qur’an is Aramaic-Syriac that has derived from Jewish and Christian sources. He has mentioned many Quranic terms as a prof. One of these words is Sakine, in the verse, “Then Allah sent down His composure upon His Apostle”. (9: 26) He believed that the word is of Aramaic origin and should be translated according to the Aramaic principle. He cites evidence from the Hebrew and Syriac languages to show that this word is not an Arabic word that is derived from the culture of Hejaz. While presenting Gabriel Sawma's perspective, we will examine this idea from comparative historical linguistics view in three languages, Hebrew, Arabic and Syriac. The existence of Quranic words in the poems of the “Age of Ignorance” and the structural and semantic similarities of this words in these three languages have come from their Semitic origin. Studies in these languages reject the claim of Sawma. His translation seems to be derived from the teachings of the New Testament that has originated from the incarnation of God in Jesus (P.B.U.H.) and has a Christian origin and is incompatible with Quranic evidences.

Al-Kefayah fi al-Tafsir is the work of Heyiri Neyshaburi, an interpreter, narrator and Shafi'i jurist of the fifth century in Neyshabur, Iran. A closer look at this book in terms of its place in the scientific heritage of Neyshabur is of important, because the time of its writing, is a privileged time in the scientific, political and religious history of Neyshabur. Using a descriptive-analytical method, and determining the method of this book, this paper analyzes three existing manuscripts of this work. A comparative study between this book and al-Kashf va al-Bayan of Tha’labi Nishaburi (d. 427), which is a narrative commentary, shows that the commentary of Heyiri can only be categorized under the title of the comprehensive commentaries. Paying attention to verses and narrations in various forms, paying attention to the views of earlier or contemporary commentators, having verbal and literary approaches and paying particular attention to the different recitations are among the prominent features of this interpretation. Also sufficient explanation of the theological verses shows the author's dynamic response to the current atmosphere of his age besides the Ash'arites’ scientific reactions to the ideas of Kurramiya and Mu’tazilite in the fourth century.

In Sunni and Shi'ite sources, there are traditions that indicate that the Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) was enchanted by a Jewish man. These narrations have been voided both in terms of the textual criteria and the validity of the narration. But since magic is of a mysterious nature, in order to validate these narrations, it is necessary to clarify what magic is. Using a descriptive-analytical method this paper seeks to analyze the nature and feasibility of enchanting the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.). The Qur’an and Muslim scholars believe that magic is a sensual act that has a threefold domain including the will of the wizard, the enchantment, and the will of God. According to the arguments, this triangle cannot be realized regarding the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) and magic cannot affect any of the existential dimensions of that Prophet (P.B.U.H.).